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| 1 | +--- |
| 2 | +title: Weekly Summary – July 7, 2025 |
| 3 | +authors: |
| 4 | +- will |
| 5 | +tags: [progress, update, weekly, high-throughput, protocol-variants, stracciatella, linear-leios, simulation-analysis, cddl] |
| 6 | +--- |
| 7 | + |
| 8 | +This week, the Leios team achieved significant milestones in protocol development and analysis, successfully demonstrating high-throughput capabilities and exploring new protocol variants. The team completed comprehensive experiments with the Stracciatella variant, conducted analytical analysis of Linear Leios throughput efficiency, and implemented new simulation capabilities. |
| 9 | + |
| 10 | +## HIGH-THROUGHPUT DEMONSTRATION |
| 11 | + |
| 12 | +- Successfully completed experiments demonstrating 1,000+ TPS capability with the Stracciatella variant of Leios. |
| 13 | +- Achieved spatial efficiency better than 95% with transaction lifecycle times under two minutes. |
| 14 | +- Validated protocol performance under extreme throughput conditions significantly beyond current Cardano capacity. |
| 15 | +- Documented detailed findings in the [Stracciatella analysis notebook](https://github.com/input-output-hk/ouroboros-leios/blob/main/analysis/sims/2025w28/analysis-stracciatella.ipynb). |
| 16 | + |
| 17 | +## PROTOCOL VARIANTS ANALYSIS |
| 18 | + |
| 19 | +### Stracciatella Variant |
| 20 | + |
| 21 | +- Completed comprehensive analysis of the Stracciatella variant (no IBs, transaction references in EBs, two-stage pipeline). |
| 22 | +- Key findings: |
| 23 | + - 5 slot/stage performs less well but scales better than 8 slot/stage. |
| 24 | + - Only minimal fraction of transactions fail to reach ledger, likely due to EB expiration. |
| 25 | + - Network usage is slightly heavy while CPU usage appears suspiciously light. |
| 26 | + - Congestion appears at 1,000+ TPS throughput levels. |
| 27 | + |
| 28 | +### Linear Leios Throughput Efficiency |
| 29 | + |
| 30 | +- Conducted analytical analysis of Linear Leios variant's probability of including certified EBs on-chain. |
| 31 | +- Results show Linear Leios could achieve approximately 500 times the throughput of Praos at over 50% network resource efficiency. |
| 32 | +- 500 times Praos throughput would exceed 1,000 historically typical transactions per second. |
| 33 | +- Generated comprehensive throughput and efficiency visualizations available in the [analysis repository](https://github.com/input-output-hk/ouroboros-leios/blob/main/analysis/). |
| 34 | + |
| 35 | + |
| 36 | + |
| 37 | + |
| 38 | + |
| 39 | +## CDDL SPECIFICATIONS |
| 40 | + |
| 41 | +- Added CDDL specifications for Linear and Stracciatella protocol variants. |
| 42 | + |
| 43 | +## SIMULATION IMPROVEMENTS |
| 44 | + |
| 45 | +### Rust Simulation |
| 46 | + |
| 47 | +- Implemented first pass at Linear Leios variant in Rust simulation. |
| 48 | +- Enhanced simulation capabilities for protocol variant testing and analysis. |
| 49 | +- Continued optimization of simulation performance for high-throughput scenarios. |
| 50 | + |
| 51 | +### Small Transaction Experiments |
| 52 | + |
| 53 | +- Completed analysis of small-transaction, high-throughput experiments with 300-byte non-Plutus transactions. |
| 54 | +- Key findings: |
| 55 | + - 1,000 tx/s with 300 B/tx is feasible in Leios variants. |
| 56 | + - Clear time vs space tradeoff between variants. |
| 57 | + - `full-with-ib-references` uses space more efficiently than `full-without-ibs`. |
| 58 | + - `full-without-ibs` has shorter transaction lifecycle than `full-with-ib-references`. |
| 59 | + - 2 CPU cores are sufficient for high-throughput operation. |
| 60 | + - Network usage remains modest under high load. |
| 61 | +- Supporting materials available in [analysis documentation](https://github.com/input-output-hk/ouroboros-leios/blob/main/analysis/sims/2025w28/ReadMe.pdf) and [analysis notebook](https://github.com/input-output-hk/ouroboros-leios/blob/main/analysis/sims/2025w28/analysis.ipynb). |
| 62 | + |
| 63 | +## NEXT STEPS |
| 64 | + |
| 65 | +- Continue investigation of protocol variants for CIP convergence. |
| 66 | +- Expand simulation capabilities for additional protocol variants. |
| 67 | +- Refine performance optimization strategies for high-throughput scenarios. |
| 68 | +- Complete documentation of protocol variant comparisons and recommendations. |
| 69 | + |
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