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# Glossary
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-**Input Block (IB)**: A block that contains transactions and is produced by
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nodes that win the IB sortition lottery.
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-**50% disk compression**: A default estimate in Leios cost calculations that estimates storage savings through compression techniques.
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-**Endorser Block (EB)**: A block that references IBs and is produced by nodes
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that win the EB sortition lottery.
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-**Approximate Lower Bound Argument (ALBA)**: A cryptographic technique allowing a prover to succinctly demonstrate knowledge of a large dataset to a verifier, with a small approximation gap enabling efficient proof generation and verification.
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-**Ranking Block (RB)**: A block that ranks other blocks and is part of the
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consensus mechanism.
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-**Boneh-Lynn-Shacham (BLS)**: A cryptographic signature scheme that allows for efficient aggregation of signatures.
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-**BLS**: Boneh-Lynn-Shacham, a cryptographic signature scheme that allows for
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efficient aggregation of signatures.
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-**Central processing unit (CPU) and cumulative distribution function (CDF) usage**: A performance metric that tracks CPU consumption across various simulation stages.
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-**ALBA**: A cryptographic protocol or component used within the Leios
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framework.
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-**Certificate**: A cryptographic proof that attests to the validity of blocks or transactions.
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-**Musen**: Another cryptographic protocol or component used within the Leios
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framework.
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-**Decentralization Parameter**: A measure of how distributed the control of the network is among its participants.
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-**Sortition**: A probabilistic method for selecting nodes to perform certain
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roles, based on their stake.
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-**DeltaQ model**: A framework for analyzing and predicting network quality of service (QoS) used to assess delay, loss, and other performance factors.
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-**VRF**: Verifiable Random Function, a cryptographic function that produces a
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random output that can be verified.
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-**Diffusion strategy**: The method used to propagate blocks and votes through the network. Strategies include:
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- Oldest-first strategy – prioritizes older blocks for diffusion
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- Freshest-first strategy – prioritizes newer blocks for diffusion
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- Peer-order strategy – requests blocks in the order they were announced by peers
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-**Stake**: The amount of cryptocurrency held by a node, which influences its
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probability of being selected in sortition.
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-**Endorser Block (EB)**: A block that references IBs and is produced by nodes that win the EB sortition lottery.
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-**Lovelace**: The smallest unit of the Cardano cryptocurrency, named after Ada
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Lovelace.
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-**Epoch**: A fixed period in the blockchain during which certain processes or calculations are performed.
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-**Praos**: A version of the Ouroboros consensus protocol that Leios builds
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upon.
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-**Equivocation**: The act of producing conflicting blocks or messages in a blockchain network.
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-**Mithril**: A protocol or component related to voting or cryptographic proofs
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in the Leios framework.
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-**Executable specification**: A formally defined, executable model of a system that ensures an implementation conforms to its intended design.
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-**Pipeline**: A sequence of stages in the Leios protocol where different types
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of blocks are produced and processed.
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-**Fait accompli sortition**: A cryptographic selection process that ensures fairness and verifiability when choosing validators.
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-**Certificate**: A cryptographic proof that attests to the validity of certain
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blocks or transactions.
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-**Freshest First**: A policy for prioritizing newer blocks or transactions over older ones.
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-**Quorum**: The minimum number of votes required to certify a block or
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decision.
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-**Haskell simulation**: A parallel simulation of the Leios protocol in Haskell, used for latency measurement, event logging, and parameter tuning.
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-**Epoch**: A fixed period in the blockchain during which certain processes or
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calculations are performed.
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-**Input Block (IB)**: A block that contains transactions and is produced by nodes that win the IB sortition lottery.
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-**Decentralization Parameter**: A measure of how distributed the control of
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the network is among its participants.
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-**Latency**: The delay between the submission of a transaction and its confirmation on the blockchain.
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-**Throughput**: The rate at which transactions are processed by the network.
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-**Leios cost calculator**: An online tool that estimates the computational and financial costs of running Leios nodes, supporting both hyperscale and discount cloud providers.
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-**Leios transaction lifecycle**: A roadmap defining the different stages a transaction goes through, from submission to final confirmation within the Leios framework.
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-**Leios-stage-active-voting-slots**: A parameter that configures the duration of active voting stages in the Leios protocol.
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-**Leios-vote-send-recv-stages**: A configuration setting that defines the voting stages in the Leios protocol, including the send and receive phases.
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-**Lovelace**: The smallest unit of the Cardano cryptocurrency, named after Ada Lovelace.
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-**Mithril**: A protocol for voting and cryptographic proofs in the Leios framework.
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-**Musen**: A cryptographic protocol or component used within the Leios framework.
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-**Organic topology generator**: A tool that creates network topologies based on real-world stake pool and relay connections to simulate actual network behavior.
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-**Pipeline**: A sequence of stages in the Leios protocol where different types of blocks are produced and processed.
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-**Latency**: The delay between the submission of a transaction and its
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confirmation on the blockchain.
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-**Praos**: A version of the Ouroboros consensus protocol that Leios builds upon.
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-**Bandwidth**: The amount of data that can be transmitted over the network in
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a given time period.
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-**Quorum**: The minimum number of votes required to certify a block or decision.
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-**Compression**: The process of reducing the size of data to save storage
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space or transmission time.
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-**Ranking Block (RB)**: A block that ranks other blocks and is part of the consensus mechanism.
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-**Sharding**: A method of partitioning data to improve scalability and
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performance.
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-**Rational arithmetic**: A method used in Leios sortition to replace quad-precision floating-point calculations, improving precision and computational efficiency.
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-**Rust simulation**: A simulation of the Leios protocol implemented in Rust, focusing on graph generation, topology creation, and performance visualization.
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-**Send-recv voting**: A structured two-stage voting mechanism where nodes send and receive votes.
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-**Sharding**: A method of partitioning data to improve scalability and performance.
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-**Short-Leios simulation**: A version of the Leios simulation that models ranking block intervals and outputs diffusion latency data.
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-**Sortition**: A probabilistic method for selecting nodes to perform certain roles, based on their stake.
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-**Stake**: The amount of cryptocurrency held by a node, which influences its probability of being selected in sortition.
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-**Storage cost amortization**: A feature in the cost calculator that spreads storage costs over time, reducing upfront expenses.
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-**Throughput**: The rate at which transactions are processed by the network.
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-**Equivocation**: The act of producing conflicting blocks or messages in a
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blockchain network.
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-**Throughput simulator**: A system that models the transaction processing rate of Cardano nodes, aligned with the Leios framework.
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-**Freshest First**: A policy for prioritizing newer blocks or transactions
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over older ones.
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-**Verifiable Random Function (VRF)**: A cryptographic function that produces a random output that can be verified.
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