Merge bitcoin#30835: build: Introduce "Kernel" installation component

7b04fab build: Introduce "Kernel" installation component (Hennadii Stepanov)

Pull request description:

  This PR enables building and installing only `libbitcoinkernel`, without the need to disable other targets during the project build system generation:

  ```
  $ rm -rf build && cmake -B build -DBUILD_KERNEL_LIB=ON
  $ cmake --build build --target bitcoinkernel
  $ cmake --install build --component Kernel --prefix /home/hebasto/INSTALL
  -- Install configuration: "RelWithDebInfo"
  -- Installing: /home/hebasto/INSTALL/lib/libbitcoinkernel.so
  ```

  Please note, that only the `bitcoinkernel` target is being built.

  Related to bitcoin#30801 and bitcoin#30814.

ACKs for top commit:
  TheCharlatan:
    ACK 7b04fab
  ryanofsky:
    Code review ACK 7b04fab

Tree-SHA512: eac114dde059e47c91938a4a9108fc0fc693b5342ed3b6ecb971615be8ad3225b9985aae12d6ad18e673edf1bd39a5ecf259c1b61734f221669091bf2ce93a67

Author: fanquake

src/kernel/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -100,7 +100,13 @@ set_target_properties(bitcoinkernel PROPERTIES
 
 include(GNUInstallDirs)
 install(TARGETS bitcoinkernel
-  RUNTIME DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR}
-  LIBRARY DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}
-  ARCHIVE DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}
+  RUNTIME
+    DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR}
+    COMPONENT Kernel
+  LIBRARY
+    DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}
+    COMPONENT Kernel
+  ARCHIVE
+    DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}
+    COMPONENT Kernel
 )