initramfs: fix hardlink hash leak without TRAILER

Covered in Documentation/driver-api/early-userspace/buffer-format.rst ,
initramfs archives can carry an optional "TRAILER!!!" entry which serves
as a boundary for collecting and associating hardlinks with matching
inode and major / minor device numbers.

Although optional, if hardlinks are found in an archive without a
subsequent "TRAILER!!!" entry then the hardlink state hash table is
leaked, e.g. unfixed kernel, with initramfs_test.c hunk applied only:
unreferenced object 0xffff9405408cc000 (size 8192):
  comm "kunit_try_catch", pid 53, jiffies 4294892519
  hex dump (first 32 bytes):
    01 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff 81 00 00  ................
    00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 69 6e 69 74 72 61 6d 66  ........initramf
  backtrace (crc a9fb0ee0):
    [<0000000066739faa>] __kmalloc_cache_noprof+0x11d/0x250
    [<00000000fc755219>] maybe_link.part.5+0xbc/0x120
    [<000000000526a128>] do_name+0xce/0x2f0
    [<00000000145c1048>] write_buffer+0x22/0x40
    [<000000003f0b4f32>] unpack_to_rootfs+0xf9/0x2a0
    [<00000000d6f7e5af>] initramfs_test_hardlink+0xe3/0x3f0
    [<0000000014fde8d6>] kunit_try_run_case+0x5f/0x130
    [<00000000dc9dafc5>] kunit_generic_run_threadfn_adapter+0x18/0x30
    [<000000001076c239>] kthread+0xc8/0x100
    [<00000000d939f1c1>] ret_from_fork+0x2b/0x40
    [<00000000f848ad1a>] ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30

Fix this by calling free_hash() after initramfs buffer processing in
unpack_to_rootfs(). An extra hardlink_seen global is added as an
optimization to avoid walking the 32 entry hash array unnecessarily.
The expectation is that a "TRAILER!!!" entry will normally be present,
and initramfs hardlinks are uncommon.

There is one user facing side-effect of this fix: hardlinks can
currently be associated across built-in and external initramfs archives,
*if* the built-in initramfs archive lacks a "TRAILER!!!" terminator. I'd
consider this cross-archive association broken, but perhaps it's used.

Signed-off-by: David Disseldorp <[email protected]>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <[email protected]>

Author: ddiss

init/initramfs.c

@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@ static __initdata struct hash {
 	struct hash *next;
 	char name[N_ALIGN(PATH_MAX)];
 } *head[32];
+static __initdata bool hardlink_seen;
 
 static inline int hash(int major, int minor, int ino)
 {
@@ -109,19 +110,21 @@ static char __init *find_link(int major, int minor, int ino,
 	strcpy(q->name, name);
 	q->next = NULL;
 	*p = q;
+	hardlink_seen = true;
 	return NULL;
 }
 
 static void __init free_hash(void)
 {
 	struct hash **p, *q;
-	for (p = head; p < head + 32; p++) {
+	for (p = head; hardlink_seen && p < head + 32; p++) {
 		while (*p) {
 			q = *p;
 			*p = q->next;
 			kfree(q);
 		}
 	}
+	hardlink_seen = false;
 }
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_INITRAMFS_PRESERVE_MTIME
@@ -564,6 +567,8 @@ char * __init unpack_to_rootfs(char *buf, unsigned long len)
 		len -= my_inptr;
 	}
 	dir_utime();
+	/* free any hardlink state collected without optional TRAILER!!! */
+	free_hash();
 	kfree(bufs);
 	return message;
 }