[AMD] Implement Scale Preshuffling and opSel on GFX1250 (#8576)

Following triton-lang/triton#7603, this PR
implemented scale preshuffling on gfx1250 for efficient memory access
and better wmma codegen with `opSel`.

As an example, in a mxfp GEMM kernel with `BLOCK_M x BLOCK_N x BLOCK_K`,
scaleA's shape is `BLOCK_M x (BLOCK_K // 32)`. We preshuffle it to be
`(BLOCK_M // 128) x (BLOCK_K x 4)` outside the kernel for better
vectorization, and 'unshuffle' it inside the kernel to get canonical
input to `wmma_scaled` op. Same to scaleB.

Besides, 16x16x128 scaled wmma instruction reads scales only from the
first 16 lanes in a wave, which is a waste of reading capacity.
Therefore we use `opSel` to control wmma instruction to read scales from
the first or last 16 lanes in a wave. So that we can read scales with
all the lanes in a wave.

To correctly issue wmma instructions with `opSel`, we need to group 2
consecutive wmma instruction tiles in a wave. This is done by
introducing `tilesPerWarp` to `AMDWmmaEncodingAttr`, to avoid composing
linear layout in gluon kernel all the time.

This PR also includes the support for inferring padded shared layout for
MemDescReshapeOp, because in case of async/tensor load, we need to do
the 'unshuffling' on memory subview.

Author: knwng

include/triton/Dialect/TritonGPU/IR/LinearLayoutConversions.h

@@ -125,8 +125,10 @@ LinearLayout chooseScaledMfmaScaleLayout(MLIRContext *ctx, int dotOperandIdx,
                                          ArrayRef<unsigned> warpsPerCTA);
 
 LinearLayout chooseScaledWmmaScaleLayout(MLIRContext *ctx, int dotOperandIdx,
-                                         ArrayRef<unsigned> warpsPerCTA,
-                                         ArrayRef<int64_t> dotOperandShape);
+                                         ArrayRef<int64_t> dotOperandShape,
+                                         unsigned wmmaMDim,
+                                         ArrayRef<unsigned> tilesPerWarp,
+                                         ArrayRef<unsigned> warpsPerCTA);
 
 LinearLayout getSM120DotScaledScaleLayout(MLIRContext *ctx,
                                           ArrayRef<int64_t> shape, int opIdx,

include/triton/Dialect/TritonGPU/IR/TritonGPUAttrDefs.td

@@ -1133,7 +1133,7 @@ Example 4:
 This example demonstrates semantics of tilesPerWarp parameter. The MFMA layout (with tilesPerWarp=[1,1])
 assumes that each warp within a CTA tile computes a single MFMA tile. When the tensor is larger than
 a single CTA tile, these tiles are repeated across the tensor. In this setup, the output tiles computed
-by each wave were strided by the number of warps per CTA tile in both row and column dimensions.
+by each warp were strided by the number of warps per CTA tile in both row and column dimensions.
 
 For instance, with 16 MFMA tiles and warpsPerCTA = [2, 2], the distribution of warps across the MFMA
 tiles looked like:
@@ -1214,11 +1214,12 @@ It is characterized by the following parameters:
   - 2: RDNA4; e.g., gfx1200, gfx1201
   - 3: gfx1250
 - `warpsPerCTA` indicates the warp layout in the block.
+- `tilesPerWarp`  The tile layout within a warp. Defaults to unit tile layout, i.e., single tile on all dimensions.
 - `instrShape` indicates the shape in the form of (M, N, K) of the matrix
    operation performed by a single WMMA instruction. Defaults to (16, 16, 16).
 - `isTransposed` indicates the layout of the result tensor is transposed.
 
-Example:
+Example 1:
 Suppose we have a tensor with shape [32, 64], `warpsPerCTA` set to [2, 2].
 Matrix elements represent which lane owns the element. Currently only wave32 mode
 is supported.
@@ -1292,20 +1293,59 @@ Row |
 ..  | ...                  ...
 30  |[14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 30 ... 30] [14 14 14 ... 30]
 31  |[15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 31 ... 31] [15 15 15 ... 31]
+
+Example 2:
+This example demonstrates the tilesPerWarp parameter, which shares the same sematics with
+AMDMfmaEncodingAttr.
+
+By default, WMMA layout assumes that each warp within a CTA tile computes a single WMMA tile.
+When the tensor is larger than a single CTA tile, these tiles are repeated across the tensor.
+In this setup, the output tiles computed by each warp are strided by the number of warps per CTA
+tile in both row and column dimensions.
+
+For instance, with 16 WMMA tiles and warpsPerCTA = [2, 2], the default(tilesPerWarp = [1, 1])
+distribution of warps across the WMMA tiles looked like:
+
+w0 w1 w0 w1
+w2 w3 w2 w3
+w0 w1 w0 w1
+w2 w3 w2 w3
+
+* Each unit reprsents a WMMA tile. w* shows which warp occupies that WMMA tile.
+
+tilesPerWarp parameter allows each warp to compute contiguous WMMA tiles in the row and/or column dimensions.
+Using the same example with tilesPerWarp = [2, 2], the layout becomes:
+
+w0 w0 w1 w1
+w0 w0 w1 w1
+w2 w2 w3 w3
+w2 w2 w3 w3
   }];
 
   let parameters = (
     ins
     "unsigned": $version,
     "bool":$isTransposed,
     ArrayRefParameter<"unsigned">:$warpsPerCTA,
+    ArrayRefParameter<"unsigned">:$tilesPerWarp,
     "CTALayoutAttr":$CTALayout,
     ArrayRefParameter<"unsigned">:$instrShape
   );
 
   let genVerifyDecl = 1;
   let hasCustomAssemblyFormat = 1;
 
+  let builders = [
+    AttrBuilder<(ins "unsigned":$version,
+                     "bool":$isTransposed,
+                     "ArrayRef<unsigned>":$warpsPerCTA,
+                     "CTALayoutAttr":$CTALayout,
+                     "ArrayRef<unsigned>":$instrShape), [{
+      SmallVector<unsigned> tilesPerWarp(warpsPerCTA.size(), 1);
+      return $_get(context, version, isTransposed, warpsPerCTA, tilesPerWarp, CTALayout, instrShape);
+    }]>
+  ];
+
   let extraClassDeclaration = extraDistributedDeclaration # [{
     SmallVector<int64_t> getRepForOperand(ArrayRef<int64_t> operandShape, int kDim, int opIdx) const;
     SmallVector<unsigned> getRepOrderForOperand(int opIdx) const;
@@ -1314,6 +1354,9 @@ Row |
       return {16, 16, 16};
     }
 
+    // Check if tilesPerWarp is 1 in every dimension.
+    bool hasUnitTilesPerWarp() const;
+
     // Returns a swizzled shared layout matching this WMMA layout for the
     // dot operand at the given |operandIdx| with |operandShape|.
     SwizzledSharedEncodingAttr composeSharedLayoutForOperand(

lib/Dialect/TritonGPU/IR/Dialect.cpp

@@ -1283,6 +1283,9 @@ LogicalResult AMDMfmaEncodingAttr::verify(
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 // WMMA encoding
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+bool AMDWmmaEncodingAttr::hasUnitTilesPerWarp() const {
+  return llvm::all_of(getTilesPerWarp(), [](int x) { return x == 1; });
+}
 
 Attribute AMDWmmaEncodingAttr::parse(AsmParser &parser, Type type) {
   if (parser.parseLess().failed())
@@ -1299,6 +1302,7 @@ Attribute AMDWmmaEncodingAttr::parse(AsmParser &parser, Type type) {
   std::optional<SmallVector<unsigned>> CTAsPerCGA;
   std::optional<SmallVector<unsigned>> CTASplitNum;
   std::optional<SmallVector<unsigned>> CTAOrder;
+  SmallVector<unsigned> tilesPerWarp = {};
   SmallVector<unsigned> instrShape = getDefaultInstrShape();
 
   for (const NamedAttribute &attr : dict) {
@@ -1314,6 +1318,11 @@ Attribute AMDWmmaEncodingAttr::parse(AsmParser &parser, Type type) {
       if (parseIntArrayAttr(parser, attr, warpsPerCTA, "warpsPerCTA").failed())
         return {};
     }
+    if (attr.getName() == "tilesPerWarp") {
+      if (parseIntArrayAttr(parser, attr, tilesPerWarp, "tilesPerWarp")
+              .failed())
+        return {};
+    }
     if (attr.getName() == "CTAsPerCGA") {
       if (parseIntArrayAttr(parser, attr, CTAsPerCGA.emplace(), "CTAsPerCGA")
               .failed())
@@ -1342,9 +1351,12 @@ Attribute AMDWmmaEncodingAttr::parse(AsmParser &parser, Type type) {
   if (!CTALayout.has_value())
     return {};
 
-  return parser.getChecked<AMDWmmaEncodingAttr>(parser.getContext(), version,
-                                                isTransposed, warpsPerCTA,
-                                                *CTALayout, instrShape);
+  if (tilesPerWarp.empty())
+    tilesPerWarp = SmallVector<unsigned>(instrShape.size(), 1);
+
+  return parser.getChecked<AMDWmmaEncodingAttr>(
+      parser.getContext(), version, isTransposed, warpsPerCTA, tilesPerWarp,
+      *CTALayout, instrShape);
 }
 
 void AMDWmmaEncodingAttr::print(AsmPrinter &printer) const {
@@ -1356,6 +1368,10 @@ void AMDWmmaEncodingAttr::print(AsmPrinter &printer) const {
   maybePrintCTALayout(getContext(), printer, getCTALayout(),
                       /*rank=*/getWarpsPerCTA().size());
 
+  auto tilesPerWarp = getTilesPerWarp();
+  if (!hasUnitTilesPerWarp())
+    printer << ", tilesPerWarp = [" << getTilesPerWarp() << "]";
+
   if (getInstrShape() != ArrayRef(getDefaultInstrShape())) {
     printer << ", instrShape = [" << getInstrShape() << "]";
   }
@@ -1365,7 +1381,8 @@ void AMDWmmaEncodingAttr::print(AsmPrinter &printer) const {
 LogicalResult AMDWmmaEncodingAttr::verify(
     function_ref<mlir::InFlightDiagnostic()> emitError, unsigned version,
     bool isTransposed, llvm::ArrayRef<unsigned int> warpsPerCTA,
-    CTALayoutAttr ctaLayout, llvm::ArrayRef<unsigned> instrShape) {
+    llvm::ArrayRef<unsigned int> tilesPerWarp, CTALayoutAttr ctaLayout,
+    llvm::ArrayRef<unsigned> instrShape) {
   if (!(version >= 1 && version <= 3))
     return emitError() << "WMMA version must be in the [1, 3] range";
 
@@ -2172,7 +2189,7 @@ void AMDRotatingSharedEncodingAttr::print(AsmPrinter &printer) const {
 // TODO: there is a lot of common code with MmaEncoding here
 
 bool AMDMfmaEncodingAttr::hasUnitTilesPerWarp() const {
-  return !llvm::any_of(getTilesPerWarp(), [](int x) { return x != 1; });
+  return llvm::all_of(getTilesPerWarp(), [](int x) { return x == 1; });
 }
 
 SmallVector<int64_t>
@@ -2305,6 +2322,8 @@ AMDWmmaEncodingAttr::getRepForOperand(ArrayRef<int64_t> operandShape, int kDim,
 
   assert(operandTileShape.size() == 2);
   auto warpsPerCTA = getWarpsPerCTA();
+  auto tilesPerWarp = getTilesPerWarp();
+
   auto rank = operandShape.size();
   assert(rank == 2 || rank == 3);
   int numRepBatch =
@@ -2313,15 +2332,19 @@ AMDWmmaEncodingAttr::getRepForOperand(ArrayRef<int64_t> operandShape, int kDim,
     return {
         numRepBatch,
         std::max<int64_t>(1, operandShape[rank - 2] /
-                                 (operandTileShape[0] * warpsPerCTA[rank - 2])),
+                                 (operandTileShape[0] * tilesPerWarp[rank - 2] *
+                                  warpsPerCTA[rank - 2])) *
+            tilesPerWarp[rank - 2],
         std::max<int64_t>(1, operandShape[rank - 1] / operandTileShape[1])};
   else {
     assert(opIdx == 1);
     return {
         numRepBatch,
         std::max<int64_t>(1, operandShape[rank - 2] / operandTileShape[0]),
-        std::max<int64_t>(1, operandShape[rank - 1] / (operandTileShape[1] *
-                                                       warpsPerCTA[rank - 1]))};
+        std::max<int64_t>(1, operandShape[rank - 1] /
+                                 (operandTileShape[1] * tilesPerWarp[rank - 1] *
+                                  warpsPerCTA[rank - 1])) *
+            tilesPerWarp[rank - 1]};
   }
 }
 

lib/Dialect/TritonGPU/IR/LinearLayoutConversions.cpp

@@ -772,6 +772,7 @@ AMDWmmaEncodingAttr::toLinearLayout(ArrayRef<int64_t> shape) const {
 
   StringAttr kRegister = S("register");
   StringAttr kLane = S("lane");
+  StringAttr kWarp = S("warp");
 
   // https://github.com/ROCm/amd_matrix_instruction_calculator can print the
   // register and lane layout for mfma instructions.
@@ -814,30 +815,54 @@ AMDWmmaEncodingAttr::toLinearLayout(ArrayRef<int64_t> shape) const {
                  {kLane, {{1, 0}, {2, 0}, {4, 0}, {8, 0}, /*gap*/ {0, 8}}}},
                 {outDimNames[threadOrder[0]], outDimNames[threadOrder[1]]});
 
+  auto tilesPerWarp = getTilesPerWarp();
+  auto warpsPerCTA = getWarpsPerCTA();
+
+  const unsigned tilesPerWarpM = tilesPerWarp[mIndex];
+  const unsigned tilesPerWarpN = tilesPerWarp[nIndex];
+  const unsigned warpsPerCTAM = warpsPerCTA[mIndex];
+  const unsigned warpsPerCTAN = warpsPerCTA[nIndex];
+
+  auto warpOrder = getDefaultMmaOrder(*this);
+  auto dimM = outDimNames[warpOrder[1]];
+  auto dimN = outDimNames[warpOrder[0]];
+  tileLayout = tileLayout.transposeOuts({dimN, dimM});
+
+  // First, extend the layout along the N dimension:
+  // - registers are distributed across tilesPerWarpN
+  // - then across warpsPerCTAN in the N dimension.
+  tileLayout *= LinearLayout::identity1D(tilesPerWarpN, kRegister, dimN);
+  tileLayout *= LinearLayout::identity1D(warpsPerCTAN, kWarp, dimN);
+
+  // At this point, the layout is defined across the N dimension within a CTA
+  // tile. Instead of switching to the M dimension now, we continue extending
+  // the layout along the remaining N dimension, and only then proceed along M,
+  // following the tilesPerWarp configuration.
+  // If the N dimension is not large enough to span multiple CTA tiles (i.e.,
+  // the first argument is 0), an empty layout is created, so this identity
+  // layout will not introduce any new registers.
+  tileLayout *= LinearLayout::identity1D(
+      shape[nIndex] / (nDim * warpsPerCTAN * tilesPerWarpN), kRegister, dimN);
+  tileLayout *= LinearLayout::identity1D(tilesPerWarpM, kRegister, dimM);
+
+  // Finally, extend the layout across warps in the M dimension.
+  // After this step, the layout covers a sub-tensor of size ctaTileM × N,
+  // i.e., the full N dimension and a CTA tile's extent in M.
+  // The rest of the layout will be defined by combineCtaCgaWithShape.
+  tileLayout *= LinearLayout::identity1D(warpsPerCTAM, kWarp, dimM);
+
   if (hasBatchDim) {
     int batchIndex = 0;
     // Extend the base vector with one value to accommodate for the batch
     // dimension, which appears at the last.
     tileLayout *=
         LinearLayout::identity1D(1, kRegister, outDimNames[batchIndex]);
     tileLayout *= LinearLayout::identity1D(1, kLane, outDimNames[batchIndex]);
+    tileLayout *= LinearLayout::identity1D(warpsPerCTA[0], kWarp,
+                                           outDimNames[batchIndex]);
   }
 
-  // And each warp takes the same register and lane sub-layout. So multiply with
-  // an identity layout for the warp.
-  auto warpOrder = getDefaultMmaOrder(*this);
-  LinearLayout warpLayout =
-      identityStandardND(S("warp"), getWarpsPerCTA(), warpOrder);
-  // reorder dim names in rep order, so combineCtaCgaWithShape generate proper
-  // extension of layout
-  auto repOrder = getRepOrder();
-  SmallVector<StringAttr> repDimNames;
-  for (auto dim : repOrder)
-    repDimNames.push_back(outDimNames[dim]);
-  LinearLayout ctaLayout = tileLayout.transposeOuts(repDimNames) *
-                           warpLayout.transposeOuts(repDimNames);
-
-  return combineCtaCgaWithShape(ctaLayout, getCTALayout(), shape);
+  return combineCtaCgaWithShape(tileLayout, getCTALayout(), shape);
 }
 
 LinearLayout wmmaDotOperandToLinearLayout(DotOperandEncodingAttr dotWmmaLayout,
@@ -866,6 +891,13 @@ LinearLayout wmmaDotOperandToLinearLayout(DotOperandEncodingAttr dotWmmaLayout,
 
   auto mnkDim = wmmaLayout.getInstrShape();
   auto kDim = mnkDim[2];
+  auto warpsPerCTA = wmmaLayout.getWarpsPerCTA();
+  auto tilesPerWarp = wmmaLayout.getTilesPerWarp();
+  auto nonKDimIndex = dotWmmaLayout.getOpIdx() == 0 ? rank - 2 : rank - 1;
+  auto tilePerWarpNonK = tilesPerWarp[nonKDimIndex];
+  auto kDimIndex = dotWmmaLayout.getOpIdx() == 0 ? rank - 1 : rank - 2;
+  unsigned kSize = shape[kDimIndex];
+
   auto nonKDim = dotWmmaLayout.getOpIdx() == 0 ? mnkDim[0] : mnkDim[1];
   auto kWidth = dotWmmaLayout.getKWidth();
   constexpr int warpSize = 32;
@@ -883,8 +915,18 @@ LinearLayout wmmaDotOperandToLinearLayout(DotOperandEncodingAttr dotWmmaLayout,
                LinearLayout::identity1D(nonKDim, kLane, dimNonK);
   tileLayout *= version == 1 ? LinearLayout::zeros1D(depth, kLane, dimK)
                              : LinearLayout::identity1D(depth, kLane, dimK);
-  tileLayout *=
-      LinearLayout::identity1D(kDim / (depth * kWidth), kRegister, dimK);
+
+  // When tilePerWarpNonK > 1, we can't rely on the traditional way to fill the
+  // block along K. Instead, we need to manually fill the whole kSize, then
+  // apply tilePerWarpNonK along nonK direction.
+  int kTileSize = depth * kWidth;
+  if (tilePerWarpNonK > 1) {
+    tileLayout *= LinearLayout::identity1D(std::max(kSize, kDim) / kTileSize,
+                                           kRegister, dimK);
+    tileLayout *= LinearLayout::identity1D(tilePerWarpNonK, kRegister, dimNonK);
+  } else {
+    tileLayout *= LinearLayout::identity1D(kDim / kTileSize, kRegister, dimK);
+  }
 
   if (hasBatchDim) {
     assert(order[2] == 0);
@@ -895,11 +937,9 @@ LinearLayout wmmaDotOperandToLinearLayout(DotOperandEncodingAttr dotWmmaLayout,
   }
 
   // Generate warp layout
-  auto warpsPerCTA = wmmaLayout.getWarpsPerCTA();
   auto warpOrder = getDefaultMmaOrder(wmmaLayout);
-  auto kDimIdx = dotWmmaLayout.getOpIdx() == 0 ? rank - 1 : rank - 2;
   LinearLayout warpLayout = broadcastedDotOperandLayout(
-      ctx, warpsPerCTA, warpOrder, kDimIdx, S("warp"));
+      ctx, warpsPerCTA, warpOrder, kDimIndex, S("warp"));
 
   // reorder dim names in rep order, so combineCtaCgaWithShape generate proper
   // extension of layout
@@ -1428,8 +1468,10 @@ chooseDsReadTrLayout(Attribute enc, ArrayRef<int64_t> shape,
 }
 
 LinearLayout chooseScaledWmmaScaleLayout(MLIRContext *ctx, int dotOperandIdx,
-                                         ArrayRef<unsigned> warpsPerCTA,
-                                         ArrayRef<int64_t> dotOperandShape) {
+                                         ArrayRef<int64_t> dotOperandShape,
+                                         unsigned wmmaMDim,
+                                         ArrayRef<unsigned> tilesPerWarp,
+                                         ArrayRef<unsigned> warpsPerCTA) {
   using basisT = std::vector<std::vector<int32_t>>;
   unsigned rank = dotOperandShape.size();
   auto order = mlir::triton::gpu::getMatrixOrder(rank, /*rowMajor=*/true);
@@ -1449,18 +1491,30 @@ LinearLayout chooseScaledWmmaScaleLayout(MLIRContext *ctx, int dotOperandIdx,
   auto dimK = outDimNames[order[0]];
   auto dimNonK = outDimNames[order[1]];
 
-  // Each lane holds kWidth=4 consecutive values along the k dim.
-  // The first 16 lanes are distributed along the non-k dim. We are not using
-  // the remaining 16 lanes, so just let them duplicate values of the first 16
-  // lanes. If the shape along the k dim is larger than kWidth, repeat this
-  // pattern to fill the k dim.
+  // Each lane holds kWidth=4 consecutive values along the K dim.
+  // The first 16 lanes are distributed along the nonK dim.
   unsigned scaleKWidth = 4;
   auto kSize = dotOperandShape[1];
   LinearLayout tileLayout =
       LinearLayout::identity1D(scaleKWidth, kRegister, dimK) *
-      LinearLayout::identity1D(16, kLane, dimNonK) *
-      LinearLayout::zeros1D(2, kLane, dimK) *
-      LinearLayout::identity1D(kSize / scaleKWidth, kRegister, dimK);
+      LinearLayout::identity1D(16, kLane, dimNonK);
+
+  // If there's 1 tile per warp, we are not using the remaining 16 lanes, so
+  // just let them duplicate values of the first 16 lanes.
+  // Otherwise, we put consecutive values along the nonK dim in the remaining
+  // 16 lanes.
+  unsigned mnDim = dotOperandIdx == 0 ? rank - 2 : rank - 1;
+  unsigned tilePerWarpMN = tilesPerWarp[mnDim];
+  if (tilePerWarpMN > 1) {
+    assert(tilePerWarpMN == 2 && "TilesPerWarp > 2 is not supported.");
+    tileLayout *= LinearLayout::identity1D(tilePerWarpMN, kLane, dimNonK);
+  } else {
+    tileLayout *= LinearLayout::zeros1D(2, kLane, dimNonK);
+  }
+
+  // If the shape along the K dim is larger than kWidth, repeat this
+  // pattern to fill the K dim.
+  tileLayout *= LinearLayout::identity1D(kSize / scaleKWidth, kRegister, dimK);
 
   auto warpsPerCTANew = (dotOperandIdx == 1)
                             ? SmallVector{warpsPerCTA[1], warpsPerCTA[0]}