feat(badge): add icon sizes for ionic theme (#30203)

Issue number: internal

---------

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## What is the current behavior?
Icons inside badges don't have any specific styling.

## What is the new behavior?
<!-- Please describe the behavior or changes that are being added by
this PR. -->
According to the design, for the ionic theme, the size of icons inside
badges have specific values. To accommodate those:
- Added new rules for the badge sizes
- Adding a new testing page and screenshot tests

## Does this introduce a breaking change?

- [ ] Yes
- [x] No

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## Other information

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screenshots of how the component looks before and after the change. -->

---------

Co-authored-by: Brandy Smith <[email protected]>

Author: OS-martacarlos

core/src/components/badge/badge.ionic.scss

@@ -60,6 +60,11 @@
   line-height: globals.$ion-font-line-height-400;
 }
 
+:host(.badge-xxsmall) ::slotted(ion-icon) {
+  width: globals.$ion-scale-300;
+  height: globals.$ion-scale-300;
+}
+
 /* Extra Small Badge */
 :host(.badge-xsmall) {
   --padding-start: #{globals.$ion-space-100};
@@ -73,6 +78,11 @@
   line-height: globals.$ion-font-line-height-600;
 }
 
+:host(.badge-xsmall) ::slotted(ion-icon) {
+  width: globals.$ion-scale-400;
+  height: globals.$ion-scale-400;
+}
+
 /* Small Badge */
 :host(.badge-small) {
   --padding-start: #{globals.$ion-space-100};
@@ -86,6 +96,11 @@
   line-height: globals.$ion-font-line-height-600;
 }
 
+:host(.badge-small) ::slotted(ion-icon) {
+  width: globals.$ion-scale-500;
+  height: globals.$ion-scale-500;
+}
+
 /* Medium Badge */
 :host(.badge-medium) {
   min-width: globals.$ion-scale-1000;
@@ -96,6 +111,11 @@
   line-height: globals.$ion-font-line-height-700;
 }
 
+:host(.badge-medium) ::slotted(ion-icon) {
+  width: globals.$ion-scale-600;
+  height: globals.$ion-scale-600;
+}
+
 /* Large Badge */
 :host(.badge-large) {
   min-width: globals.$ion-scale-1200;
@@ -106,6 +126,11 @@
   line-height: globals.$ion-font-line-height-700;
 }
 
+:host(.badge-large) ::slotted(ion-icon) {
+  width: globals.$ion-scale-800;
+  height: globals.$ion-scale-800;
+}
+
 /* Extra Large Badge */
 :host(.badge-xlarge) {
   min-width: globals.$ion-scale-1400;
@@ -115,3 +140,8 @@
 
   line-height: globals.$ion-font-line-height-700;
 }
+
+:host(.badge-xlarge) ::slotted(ion-icon) {
+  width: globals.$ion-scale-1000;
+  height: globals.$ion-scale-1000;
+}