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Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: docs/concepts/dht.md
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## Kademlia
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The Kademlia algorithm has been around for a while, and it's purpose is to build a DHT on top of three system parameters:
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The Kademlia algorithm has been around for a while, and its purpose is to build a DHT on top of three system parameters:
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1. An _address space_ as a way that all of the network peers can be uniquely identified. In IPFS, this is all the numbers from `0` to `2^256-1`.
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1. A _metric_ to order the peers in the address space and therefore visualize all the peers along a line ordered from smallest to largest. IPFS takes `SHA256(PeerID)` and interprets it as an integer between `0` and `2^256-1`.
Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: docs/concepts/how-ipfs-works.md
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### Content Identifier (CID)
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In IPFS, data is chunked into <VueCustomTooltiplabel="The term for a single unit of data in IPFS."underlinedmultilineis-medium>blocks</VueCustomTooltip>, which are assigned a unique identifier called a <VueCustomTooltiplabel="An address used to point to data in IPFS, based on the content itself, as opposed to the location."underlinedmultilineis-medium>Content Identifier (CID)</VueCustomTooltip>. In general, the CID is computed by combining the hash of the data with it's <VueCustomTooltiplabel="Software capable of encoding and/or decoding data."underlinedmultilineis-medium>codec</VueCustomTooltip>. The codec is generated using <VueCustomTooltiplabel="A collection of interoperable, extensible protocols for making data self-describable."underlinedmultilineis-medium>Multiformats</VueCustomTooltip>.
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In IPFS, data is chunked into <VueCustomTooltiplabel="The term for a single unit of data in IPFS."underlinedmultilineis-medium>blocks</VueCustomTooltip>, which are assigned a unique identifier called a <VueCustomTooltiplabel="An address used to point to data in IPFS, based on the content itself, as opposed to the location."underlinedmultilineis-medium>Content Identifier (CID)</VueCustomTooltip>. In general, the CID is computed by combining the hash of the data with its <VueCustomTooltiplabel="Software capable of encoding and/or decoding data."underlinedmultilineis-medium>codec</VueCustomTooltip>. The codec is generated using <VueCustomTooltiplabel="A collection of interoperable, extensible protocols for making data self-describable."underlinedmultilineis-medium>Multiformats</VueCustomTooltip>.
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CIDs are unique to the data from which they were computed, which provides IPFS with the following benefits:
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- Data can be fetched based on it's content, rather than it's location.
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- Data can be fetched based on its content, rather than its location.
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- The CID of the data received can be computed and compared to the CID requested, to verify that the data is what was requested.
Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: docs/concepts/usage-ideas-examples.md
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## IPFS as infrastructure
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Using IPFS allows you to abstract away a lot of the complexity of coordination between machines. No matter your architecture IPFS handles load balancing, de-duplication, caching, and high availability out-of-the-box. It's highly modular design also means you can easily customize it to your need.
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Using IPFS allows you to abstract away a lot of the complexity of coordination between machines. No matter your architecture IPFS handles load balancing, de-duplication, caching, and high availability out-of-the-box. Its highly modular design also means you can easily customize it to your need.
Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: docs/how-to/nat-configuration.md
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The appropriate configuration option for your router depends on your specific setup:
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- If your router supports them, [enable IPv6](#enable-ipv6) or [enable UPnP](#enable-upnp) to solve most connection issues
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-[Use DCUtR holepunching](#use-dcutr-holepunching), which is enabled by default as of Kubo v0.13
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-[Use DCUtR hole punching](#use-dcutr-holepunching), which is enabled by default as of Kubo v0.13
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- If IPv6 or UPnP are not available, or DCUtR holepunching doesn't meet your performance and reliability requirements, [enable manual port forwarding](#enable-manual-port-forwarding)
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### Enable IPv6
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If your router supports UPnP, IPFS will attempt to automatically allow inbound traffic to access your local content. Some home routers may need to be configured to explicitly enable UPnP. We are unable to give detailed information about each router's settings and preferences here. Search your router manufacturer's website for _UPnP_.
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### Use DCUtR holepunching
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### Use DCUtR hole punching
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As of Kubo v0.13, [DCUtR hole punching is enabled by default](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/blob/master/docs/changelogs/v0.13.md#-relay-v2-client-with-auto-discovery-swarmrelayclient).
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DCUtR holepunching has various drawbacks and tradeoffs. Currently, the connection signaling goes through a relay, which adds an average latency of 5 seconds when opening a connection. Once a direct connection is established, latency is normal. Additionally, DCUtR holepunching does not have a 100% success rate and can fail. For a deeper dive into how holepunching works in Kubo, it's drawbacks, and more information on using DCUtR, see the [_Hole punching in libp2p - Overcoming Firewalls_ blog post](https://blog.ipfs.tech/2022-01-20-libp2p-hole-punching/).
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DCUtR hole punching has various drawbacks and tradeoffs. Currently, the connection signaling goes through a relay, which adds an average latency of 5 seconds when opening a connection. Once a direct connection is established, latency is normal. Additionally, DCUtR hole punching does not have a 100% success rate and can fail. For a deeper dive into how hole punching works in Kubo, its drawbacks, and more information on using DCUtR, see the [_Hole punching in libp2p - Overcoming Firewalls_ blog post](https://blog.ipfs.tech/2022-01-20-libp2p-hole-punching/).
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Because of these drawbacks, you may want to use another solution, like manual port forwarding. To enable manual port forwarding, see the instructions below.
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