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> This document contains historical notes about IPFS architecture from ~2015. For current specifications, please refer to https://specs.ipfs.tech/
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* * *
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**Abstract**
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## Abstract
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This spec document defines the IPFS protocol stack, the subsystems, the interfaces, and how it all fits together. It delegates non-interface details to other specs as much as possible. This is meant as a top-level view of the protocol and how the system fits together.
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Note, this document is not meant to be an introduction of the concepts in IPFS and is not recommended as a first pass to understanding how IPFS works. For that, please refer to the [IPFS paper](https://github.com/ipfs/papers/raw/master/ipfs-cap2pfs/ipfs-p2p-file-system.pdf).
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# Table of Contents
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-1. IPFS and the Merkle DAG
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-2. Nodes and Network Model
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-3. The Stack
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-4. Applications and data structures -- on top of IPFS
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-5. Lifetime of fetching an object
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-6. IPFS User Interfaces
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1. IPFS and the Merkle DAG
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1. Nodes and Network Model
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1. The Stack
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1. Applications and data structures -- on top of IPFS
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1. Lifetime of fetching an object
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1. IPFS User Interfaces
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# 1. IPFS and the Merkle DAG
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IPFS is a stack of network protocols that organize agent networks to create, publish, distribute, serve, and download merkledags. It is the authenticated, decentralized, permanent web.
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# 2. Nodes and Network Model
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The IPFS network uses PKI based identity. An "ipfs node" is a program that can find, publish, and replicate merkledag objects. Its identity is defined by a private key. Specifically:
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sha3
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```
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# 3. The Stack
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IPFS has a stack of modular protocols. Each layer may have multiple implementations, all in different modules. This spec will only address the interfaces between the layers, and briefly mention possible implementations. Details are left to the other specs.
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-**routing** - locating peers and objects
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-**network** - establishing connections between peers
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These are briefly described bottom-up.
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See more in the [path resolution spec](https://github.com/ipld/specs/blob/master/data-model-layer/paths.md).
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