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sports-cognitive-psychology.qmd

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## Overview {#sec-sportsCognitivePsychologyOverview}
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There are a number of [ways in which analytics have changed sports](https://stacker.com/sports/15-ways-analytics-has-changed-sports) (archived at <https://perma.cc/PQ5R-TWFA>).
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Here is an summary of some of the key ways that analytics has led to changes.
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Here is a summary of some of the key ways that analytics has led to changes.
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Much of the history of analytics in sports traces back to Bill James.
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James was a member of the Society for American Baseball Research (SABR).
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In addition to teams using Sabermetrics to evaluate player talent, teams also began to frequently use statistical analysis to inform decision making during games, which led to key changes in the style of play.
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For instace, defensive shifts—where defensive players moved to locations on the field where particular hitters were most likely to hit the ball—became more common, attempts to steal bases became less common, there were fewer bunts, batters took more pitches (i.e., watched more pitches without swinging), there were more frequent pitching changes (for particular pitcher–batter matchups; such as to have a right-handed pitcher face a left-handed batter or vice versa), and a greater focus on velocity and spin rate among pitchers.
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Some of these analytics-drive changes in play style eventually led Major League Baseball (MLB) to make rule changes to make the game more exciting to watch, including outlawing defensive shifts, reducing the number of pitching changes allowed, and making the bases larger and easier to steal.
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Some of these analytics-driven changes in play style eventually led Major League Baseball (MLB) to make rule changes in an attempt to make the game more exciting to watch, including banning defensive shifts, reducing the number of pitching changes allowed, and making the bases larger and easier to steal.
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Although baseball was one of the first major sports to embrace analytics, other sports have been transformed by analytics, as well.
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For instance, in basketball, there has been a greater focus on three points and buckets close to the rim (e.g., dunks and layups), with way fewer midrange shots.

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