sql: add logic tests for ALTER TABLE ALTER COLUMN identity options

The tests were incomplete. These options aren't supported so this is
for consistency between the legacy and declarative schema changers.

Epic: CRDB-31283
Part of: cockroachdb#142914

Release note: None

Author: bghal

pkg/sql/logictest/testdata/logic_test/alter_table

@@ -4382,6 +4382,27 @@ ALTER TABLE t_alter_identity ALTER COLUMN z SET START WITH 5;
 
 # Verify sequence options are implemented on the identity
 
+statement error sequence option "AS" not supported here
+ALTER TABLE t_alter_identity ALTER COLUMN a SET AS INT4;
+
+statement error pq: unimplemented: CYCLE option is not supported
+ALTER TABLE t_alter_identity ALTER COLUMN a SET CYCLE;
+
+statement ok
+ALTER TABLE t_alter_identity ALTER COLUMN a SET NO CYCLE;
+
+statement error sequence option "OWNED BY" not supported here
+ALTER TABLE t_alter_identity ALTER COLUMN a SET OWNED BY NONE;
+
+statement ok
+ALTER TABLE t_alter_identity ALTER COLUMN a SET PER NODE CACHE 5;
+
+statement ok
+ALTER TABLE t_alter_identity ALTER COLUMN a SET PER SESSION CACHE 5;
+
+statement error sequence option "VIRTUAL" not supported here
+ALTER TABLE t_alter_identity ALTER COLUMN a SET VIRTUAL;
+
 statement ok
 INSERT INTO t_alter_identity DEFAULT VALUES;