Add proposed syntax for new programming language

This file introduces a new syntax for a programming language, covering multiple assignment, arrays, functions, enums, structs, interfaces, methods, error handling, loops, optional types, and ternary operators.

Signed-off-by: Fuad Hasan <[email protected]>

Author: itsfuad

proposed_syntax.fer.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+// Multiple assignment
+let a, b, c := 1, 2, 4;
+
+// Arrays
+let arr: [10]i32 = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9];  // Fixed-size
+let dynArr: []i32 = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9];  // Dynamic-size
+
+// Functions
+fn getPi() -> f32 {
+    return 3.14;
+}
+
+// Compile-time constant
+const pi := comptime getPi();
+
+// enum
+type Color enum {
+    Red,
+    Green,
+    Blue
+};
+
+// Structs
+type Circle struct {
+    .radius: f32,
+    .area: f32,
+    .color: Color
+};
+
+// Interfaces
+type Shape interface {
+    fn area(self) -> f32,
+    fn perimeter(self) -> f32
+};
+
+
+// Methods
+fn (c &Circle) area() -> f32 {
+    return c.area;
+}
+fn (c &Circle) perimeter() -> f32 {
+    return 2.0 * pi * c.radius;
+}
+
+// Struct literal
+const circle1 := Circle {
+    .radius = 5.0,
+    .area = pi * 5.0 * 5.0,
+    .color = Color::Red
+};
+
+// Result type & error handling
+fn fetch(url: str) -> Result ! str {
+    if url == "https://example.com/api/data" {
+        return Result{.data = "Fetched Data"};
+    } else {
+        return "Network Error"!;
+    }
+}
+
+// Catch with default value
+let res := fetch("https://example.com/api/data") catch err {
+    log("Error fetching data: " + err);
+    with "default data";
+};
+
+// Loops
+for i, v in 0..10:2 {
+    log("Current index: " + i);
+    log("Current value: " + v);
+}
+
+while a < 10 {
+    a += 1;
+}
+
+// Optional types
+let mayExist: i32?;
+
+// Statement-only `when`
+when mayExist {
+    null => log("mayExist is null"),
+    _ => log("mayExist has a value: " + mayExist)
+}
+
+// Optional unwrapping in `if`
+if mayExist == null {
+    log("mayExist is null");
+} else {
+    log("mayExist has a value: " + mayExist);
+}
+
+// Ternary / Elvis operators
+let value  := mayExist ? mayExist : 42;  // Standard ternary
+let value2 := mayExist ?: 42;            // Elvis operator