[Inductor-FX] Support custom triton kernels (pytorch#161474)

# Feature
Add support for custom Triton kernels to the FX backend. This turned out not to require any new features, except for a minor change to handle `tl.constexpr` arguments which are not part of the autotuning config.

# Caveat

This may not cover every possible case. For example, we might need more features for autotuning custom Triton code. This PR entirely skips the [custom codegen ](https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/blob/main/torch/_higher_order_ops/triton_kernel_wrap.py#L1034-L1039) for user-defined grid functions, but there may be edge cases requiring this logic. However, this PR seems to do a reasonable job as many of the grids end up being written into Inductor/Triton metadata and don't require special codegen.

As a follow up, I'm planning to test this against all of AOTI's custom Triton kernel tests.

# Test plan
Added a CI test using a custom Triton kernel.

Pull Request resolved: pytorch#161474
Approved by: https://github.com/angelayi

Author: blaine-rister

test/inductor/test_fxir_backend.py

@@ -35,6 +35,11 @@
 )
 
 
+if HAS_GPU:
+    import triton
+    import triton.language as tl
+
+
 @requires_gpu()
 @config.patch(
     compile_threads=1,
@@ -544,6 +549,37 @@ def run(*args, **kwargs):
         if use_dynamic_shapes:
             self.assertEqual(type(shape[0]), torch.fx.Node)
 
+    def test_custom_triton(self):
+        @triton.jit
+        def add_kernel(
+            in_ptr0,
+            in_ptr1,
+            out_ptr,
+            n_elements,
+            BLOCK_SIZE: tl.constexpr,
+        ):
+            pid = tl.program_id(axis=0)
+            block_start = pid * BLOCK_SIZE
+            offsets = block_start + tl.arange(0, BLOCK_SIZE)
+            mask = offsets < n_elements
+            x = tl.load(in_ptr0 + offsets, mask=mask)
+            y = tl.load(in_ptr1 + offsets, mask=mask)
+            output = x + y
+            tl.store(out_ptr + offsets, output, mask=mask)
+
+        def add(x: torch.Tensor, y: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
+            output = torch.empty_like(x)
+            n_elements = output.numel()
+
+            def grid(meta):
+                return (triton.cdiv(n_elements, meta["BLOCK_SIZE"]),)
+
+            add_kernel[grid](x, y, output, n_elements, BLOCK_SIZE=16)
+            return output
+
+        args = [torch.randn(32, device=self.device) for _ in range(2)]
+        self._compile_and_check(add, args)
+
     def test_output_slice_view(self):
         """
         Test when the output is a view of the input.

torch/_inductor/codegen/wrapper_fxir.py

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 from torch.utils._sympy.reference import OptimizedPythonReferenceAnalysis
 
 from .. import config, ir
+from ..runtime.triton_compat import Config
 from ..utils import LineContext
 from .common import (
     CodegenSymbol,
@@ -700,9 +701,40 @@ def node_to_tuning_arg(arg: Any) -> Any:
                 kernel_name,
             )
 
+        triton_meta = tuner.triton_meta
+        signature = triton_meta["signature"]
+
+        def add_constants_to_call_args(
+            call_args: Sequence[Any], cfg: Config
+        ) -> tuple[Any, ...]:
+            """
+            Add constant kwargs to the arg list.
+            """
+            # Add args from the proper Triton signature.
+            new_call_args = []
+            call_arg_idx = 0
+            constants = triton_meta["constants"]
+            for arg_name in signature:
+                # Config kwargs are tracked separately.
+                if arg_name in cfg.kwargs:
+                    continue
+
+                try:
+                    new_arg = constants[arg_name]
+                except KeyError:
+                    new_arg = call_args[call_arg_idx]
+                    call_arg_idx += 1
+                new_call_args.append(new_arg)
+
+            # Add Inductor's extra call args to the end.
+            new_call_args.extend(call_args[call_arg_idx:])
+
+            return tuple(new_call_args)
+
         kernel_config = tuner.compile_results[0].config
+        call_args = add_constants_to_call_args(call_args, kernel_config)
         call_args, grid = tuner._interpret_args_grid(call_args, kernel_config)
-        call_kwargs = dict(zip(tuner.triton_meta["signature"], call_args))
+        call_kwargs = dict(zip(signature, call_args))
         call_kwargs.update(kernel_config.kwargs)
 
         wrapper_grid = [tuple(self._generate_sym_nodes(grid))]