Added tasks 3451-3459

Author: javadev

src/main/kotlin/g3401_3500/s3451_find_invalid_ip_addresses/readme.md

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+3451\. Find Invalid IP Addresses
+
+Hard
+
+Table: `logs`
+
+    +-------------+---------+
+    | Column Name | Type    |
+    +-------------+---------+
+    | log_id      | int     |
+    | ip          | varchar |
+    | status_code | int     |
+    +-------------+---------+
+    log_id is the unique key for this table.
+    Each row contains server access log information including IP address and HTTP status code. 
+
+Write a solution to find **invalid IP addresses**. An IPv4 address is invalid if it meets any of these conditions:
+
+*   Contains numbers **greater than** `255` in any octet
+*   Has **leading zeros** in any octet (like `01.02.03.04`)
+*   Has **less or more** than `4` octets
+
+Return _the result table_ _ordered by_ `invalid_count`, `ip` _in **descending** order respectively_.
+
+The result format is in the following example.
+
+**Example:**
+
+**Input:**
+
+logs table:
+
+    +--------+---------------+-------------+
+    | log_id | ip            | status_code |
+    +--------+---------------+-------------+
+    | 1      | 192.168.1.1   | 200         |
+    | 2      | 256.1.2.3     | 404         |
+    | 3      | 192.168.001.1 | 200         |
+    | 4      | 192.168.1.1   | 200         |
+    | 5      | 192.168.1     | 500         |
+    | 6      | 256.1.2.3     | 404         |
+    | 7      | 192.168.001.1 | 200         |
+    +--------+---------------+-------------+ 
+
+**Output:**
+
+    +---------------+--------------+
+    | ip            | invalid_count|
+    +---------------+--------------+
+    | 256.1.2.3     | 2            |
+    | 192.168.001.1 | 2            |
+    | 192.168.1     | 1            |
+    +---------------+--------------+ 
+
+**Explanation:**
+
+*   256.1.2.3 is invalid because 256 > 255
+*   192.168.001.1 is invalid because of leading zeros
+*   192.168.1 is invalid because it has only 3 octets
+
+The output table is ordered by invalid\_count, ip in descending order respectively.

src/main/kotlin/g3401_3500/s3451_find_invalid_ip_addresses/script.sql

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+# Write your MySQL query statement below
+# #Hard #Database #2025_02_18_Time_309_ms_(90.61%)_Space_0.0_MB_(100.00%)
+WITH cte_invalid_ip AS (
+    SELECT log_id, ip
+    FROM logs
+    WHERE NOT regexp_like(ip, '^(?:[1-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(?:[.](?:[1-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3}$')
+  ),
+  cte_invalid_ip_count AS (
+    SELECT ip, count(log_id) as invalid_count
+    FROM cte_invalid_ip
+    GROUP BY ip
+  )
+SELECT ip, invalid_count
+FROM cte_invalid_ip_count
+ORDER BY invalid_count DESC, ip DESC;

src/main/kotlin/g3401_3500/s3452_sum_of_good_numbers/Solution.kt

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+package g3401_3500.s3452_sum_of_good_numbers
+
+// #Easy #Array #2025_02_18_Time_1_ms_(100.00%)_Space_38.08_MB_(84.85%)
+
+class Solution {
+    fun sumOfGoodNumbers(nums: IntArray, k: Int): Int {
+        var totalSum = 0
+        val n = nums.size
+        for (i in 0..<n) {
+            var isGood = true
+            if (i - k >= 0 && nums[i] <= nums[i - k]) {
+                isGood = false
+            }
+            if (i + k < n && nums[i] <= nums[i + k]) {
+                isGood = false
+            }
+            if (isGood) {
+                totalSum += nums[i]
+            }
+        }
+        return totalSum
+    }
+}

src/main/kotlin/g3401_3500/s3452_sum_of_good_numbers/readme.md

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+3452\. Sum of Good Numbers
+
+Easy
+
+Given an array of integers `nums` and an integer `k`, an element `nums[i]` is considered **good** if it is **strictly** greater than the elements at indices `i - k` and `i + k` (if those indices exist). If neither of these indices _exists_, `nums[i]` is still considered **good**.
+
+Return the **sum** of all the **good** elements in the array.
+
+**Example 1:**
+
+**Input:** nums = [1,3,2,1,5,4], k = 2
+
+**Output:** 12
+
+**Explanation:**
+
+The good numbers are `nums[1] = 3`, `nums[4] = 5`, and `nums[5] = 4` because they are strictly greater than the numbers at indices `i - k` and `i + k`.
+
+**Example 2:**
+
+**Input:** nums = [2,1], k = 1
+
+**Output:** 2
+
+**Explanation:**
+
+The only good number is `nums[0] = 2` because it is strictly greater than `nums[1]`.
+
+**Constraints:**
+
+*   `2 <= nums.length <= 100`
+*   `1 <= nums[i] <= 1000`
+*   `1 <= k <= floor(nums.length / 2)`

src/main/kotlin/g3401_3500/s3453_separate_squares_i/Solution.kt

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+package g3401_3500.s3453_separate_squares_i
+
+// #Medium #Array #Binary_Search #2025_02_18_Time_57_ms_(100.00%)_Space_102.84_MB_(84.85%)
+
+class Solution {
+    fun separateSquares(squares: Array<IntArray>): Double {
+        val n = squares.size
+        val arr = Array(n) { LongArray(3) }
+        var total = 0.0
+        var left = Long.MAX_VALUE
+        var right = Long.MIN_VALUE
+        for (i in 0..n - 1) {
+            val y = squares[i][1].toLong()
+            val z = squares[i][2].toLong()
+            arr[i][0] = y
+            arr[i][1] = y + z
+            arr[i][2] = z
+            total += (z * z).toDouble()
+            left = minOf(left, arr[i][0])
+            right = maxOf(right, arr[i][1])
+        }
+        while (left < right) {
+            val mid = (left + right) / 2
+            var low = 0.0
+            for (a in arr) {
+                if (a[0] >= mid) {
+                    continue
+                } else if (a[1] <= mid) {
+                    low += a[2] * a[2]
+                } else {
+                    low += a[2] * (mid - a[0])
+                }
+            }
+            if (low + low + 0.00001 >= total) {
+                right = mid
+            } else {
+                left = mid + 1
+            }
+        }
+        left = right - 1
+        var a1 = 0.0
+        var a2 = 0.0
+        for (a in arr) {
+            val x = a[0]
+            val y = a[1]
+            val z = a[2]
+            if (left > x) {
+                a1 += (minOf(y, left) - x) * z.toDouble()
+            }
+            if (right < y) {
+                a2 += (y - maxOf(x, right)) * z.toDouble()
+            }
+        }
+        val goal = (total - a1 - a1) / 2
+        val len = total - a1 - a2
+        return right - 1 + (goal / len)
+    }
+}

src/main/kotlin/g3401_3500/s3453_separate_squares_i/readme.md

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+3453\. Separate Squares I
+
+Medium
+
+You are given a 2D integer array `squares`. Each <code>squares[i] = [x<sub>i</sub>, y<sub>i</sub>, l<sub>i</sub>]</code> represents the coordinates of the bottom-left point and the side length of a square parallel to the x-axis.
+
+Find the **minimum** y-coordinate value of a horizontal line such that the total area of the squares above the line _equals_ the total area of the squares below the line.
+
+Answers within <code>10<sup>-5</sup></code> of the actual answer will be accepted.
+
+**Note**: Squares **may** overlap. Overlapping areas should be counted **multiple times**.
+
+**Example 1:**
+
+**Input:** squares = [[0,0,1],[2,2,1]]
+
+**Output:** 1.00000
+
+**Explanation:**
+
+![](https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2025/01/06/4062example1drawio.png)
+
+Any horizontal line between `y = 1` and `y = 2` will have 1 square unit above it and 1 square unit below it. The lowest option is 1.
+
+**Example 2:**
+
+**Input:** squares = [[0,0,2],[1,1,1]]
+
+**Output:** 1.16667
+
+**Explanation:**
+
+![](https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2025/01/15/4062example2drawio.png)
+
+The areas are:
+
+*   Below the line: `7/6 * 2 (Red) + 1/6 (Blue) = 15/6 = 2.5`.
+*   Above the line: `5/6 * 2 (Red) + 5/6 (Blue) = 15/6 = 2.5`.
+
+Since the areas above and below the line are equal, the output is `7/6 = 1.16667`.
+
+**Constraints:**
+
+*   <code>1 <= squares.length <= 5 * 10<sup>4</sup></code>
+*   <code>squares[i] = [x<sub>i</sub>, y<sub>i</sub>, l<sub>i</sub>]</code>
+*   `squares[i].length == 3`
+*   <code>0 <= x<sub>i</sub>, y<sub>i</sub> <= 10<sup>9</sup></code>
+*   <code>1 <= l<sub>i</sub> <= 10<sup>9</sup></code>