merging all conflicts

Author: iliakan

1-js/01-getting-started/1-intro/article.md

@@ -22,7 +22,13 @@ Javascript ആദ്യമായി പുറത്തിറക്കിയപ
 ബ്രൗസറുകൾക് സ്വന്തമായി ഒരു ജാവസ്ക്രിപ്റ് എൻജിൻ ഉണ്ടായിരിക്കും "JavaScript virtual machine".
 
 
+<<<<<<< HEAD
 പല എഞ്ചിനുകൾക്കും പല "കോഡുനെയിം" ആയിരിക്കും. ഉദാഹരണത്തിന്:
+=======
+- [V8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V8_(JavaScript_engine)) -- in Chrome and Opera.
+- [SpiderMonkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpiderMonkey) -- in Firefox.
+- ...There are other codenames like "Chakra" for IE, "JavaScriptCore", "Nitro" and "SquirrelFish" for Safari, etc.
+>>>>>>> fb4fc33a2234445808100ddc9f5e4dcec8b3d24c
 
 - [V8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V8_(JavaScript_engine)) -- chrome ലും opera യിലും.
 - [SpiderMonkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpiderMonkey) -- Firefox ൽ.

1-js/01-getting-started/2-manuals-specifications/article.md

@@ -11,6 +11,10 @@
 
 പക്ഷെ വളരെ ഫോർമലായത് കൊണ്ടു, തുടക്കമിത് മനസ്സിലാക്കാൻ നല്ല ബുദ്ധിമുട്ടായിരിക്കും. അതിനാൽ, വിശദാംശങ്ങളെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള ഏറ്റവും വിശ്വാസ്യതയുള്ള ഡാറ്റ സ്രോതസ്സ് നിങ്ങൾക്ക് ആവശ്യമുണ്ടെങ്കിൽ, ഇതൊരു ശരിയായ സ്ഥലമാണ്. എന്നാൽ ഇത് സാധാരണ ഉപയോഗത്തിന് വേണ്ടിയല്ല.
 
+<<<<<<< HEAD
+=======
+Also, if you're developing for the browser, then there are other specifications covered in the [second part](info:browser-environment) of the tutorial.
+>>>>>>> fb4fc33a2234445808100ddc9f5e4dcec8b3d24c
 
 ഓരോ വർഷവും പുതിയൊരു വേർഷൻ അവർ പുറത്തിറക്കും. ഏറ്റവും പുതിയ വേർഷൻ റിലീസ് <https://tc39.es/ecma262/> ൽ ലഭിക്കുന്നതാണ്.
 

1-js/01-getting-started/4-devtools/article.md

@@ -8,6 +8,10 @@
 
 മിക്ക ഡവലപ്പർമാരും ഡെവലപ്‌മെന്റിനായി Chrome അല്ലെങ്കിൽ Firefox ആയിരിക്കുo ആശ്രയിക്കുന്നത്, കാരണം ആ ബ്രൗസറുകളിൽ മികച്ച ഡവലപ്പർ ടൂൾസ് ഉൾപ്പെടുത്തിയിട്ടുണ്ട്. മറ്റ് ബ്രവ്സറുകളും ഡെവലപ്പർ ടൂൾസ് നൽകുന്നു, ചിലപ്പോൾ ചില പ്രത്യേകതകളും അവ നൽകും, പക്ഷേ സാധാരണയായി Chrome അല്ലെങ്കിൽ Firefox ലോട്ടു അനുകരിക്കുകയാണ് അവ ചെയ്യുന്നത്. അതിനാൽ മിക്ക ഡവലപ്പർമാർക്കും അവർക്ക് "ഇഷ്ടപ്പെട്ട" ഒരു ബ്രൗസർ കാണും കൂടാതെ ഒരു ബ്രൗസറിൽ എന്തെങ്കിലും പ്രശ്നമുള്ളതായി തോന്നുകയാണെങ്കിൽ മറ്റുള്ളവയിലേക്കു മാറുകയോ ചെയ്യും.
 
+<<<<<<< HEAD
+=======
+Developer tools are potent; they have many features. To start, we'll learn how to open them, look at errors, and run JavaScript commands.
+>>>>>>> fb4fc33a2234445808100ddc9f5e4dcec8b3d24c
 
 ഡവലപ്പർ ടൂൾസ് വളരെ ശക്തമാണ്; അവയ്‌ക്ക് നിരവധി സവിശേഷതകളുണ്ട്. നമുക്കിപ്പോൾ, അവ എങ്ങനെ ഓപ്പൺ ചെയ്യാമെന്നും, തെറ്റുകൾ എങ്ങനെ നോക്കാമെന്നും, javascript command കൾ എങ്ങനെ ടെസ്റ്റ്  ചെയ്തു നോക്കാമെന്നും പഠിക്കാം.
 

1-js/02-first-steps/02-structure/article.md

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ alert(3 +
 + 2);
 ```
 
-The code outputs `6` because JavaScript does not insert semicolons here. It is intuitively obvious that if the line ends with a plus `"+"`, then it is an "incomplete expression", so the semicolon is not required. And in this case that works as intended.
+The code outputs `6` because JavaScript does not insert semicolons here. It is intuitively obvious that if the line ends with a plus `"+"`, then it is an "incomplete expression", so a semicolon there would be incorrect. And in this case, that works as intended.
 
 **But there are situations where JavaScript "fails" to assume a semicolon where it is really needed.**
 
@@ -56,40 +56,36 @@ Errors which occur in such cases are quite hard to find and fix.
 If you're curious to see a concrete example of such an error, check this code out:
 
 ```js run
-[1, 2].forEach(alert)
+alert("Hello");
+
+[1, 2].forEach(alert);
 ```
 
-No need to think about the meaning of the brackets `[]` and `forEach` yet. We'll study them later. For now, just remember the result of the code: it shows `1` then `2`.
+No need to think about the meaning of the brackets `[]` and `forEach` yet. We'll study them later. For now, just remember the result of running the code: it shows `Hello`, then `1`, then `2`.
 
-Now, let's add an `alert` before the code and *not* finish it with a semicolon:
+Now let's remove the semicolon after the `alert`:
 
 ```js run no-beautify
-alert("There will be an error")
+alert("Hello")
 
-[1, 2].forEach(alert)
+[1, 2].forEach(alert);
 ```
 
-Now if we run the code, only the first `alert` is shown and then we have an error!
-
-But everything is fine again if we add a semicolon after `alert`:
-```js run
-alert("All fine now");
+The difference compared to the code above is only one character: the semicolon at the end of the first line is gone.
 
-[1, 2].forEach(alert)  
-```
+If we run this code, only the first `Hello` shows (and there's an error, you may need to open the console to see it). There are no numbers any more.
 
-Now we have the "All fine now" message followed by `1` and `2`.
+That's because JavaScript does not assume a semicolon before square brackets `[...]`. So, the code in the last example is treated as a single statement.
 
-
-The error in the no-semicolon variant occurs because JavaScript does not assume a semicolon before square brackets `[...]`.
-
-So, because the semicolon is not auto-inserted, the code in the first example is treated as a single statement. Here's how the engine sees it:
+Here's how the engine sees it:
 
 ```js run no-beautify
-alert("There will be an error")[1, 2].forEach(alert)
+alert("Hello")[1, 2].forEach(alert);
 ```
 
-But it should be two separate statements, not one. Such a merging in this case is just wrong, hence the error. This can happen in other situations.
+Looks weird, right? Such merging in this case is just wrong. We need to put a semicolon after `alert` for the code to work correctly.
+
+This can happen in other situations also.
 ````
 
 We recommend putting semicolons between statements even if they are separated by newlines. This rule is widely adopted by the community. Let's note once again -- *it is possible* to leave out semicolons most of the time. But it's safer -- especially for a beginner -- to use them.

1-js/02-first-steps/05-types/article.md

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ Special numeric values formally belong to the "number" type. Of course they are
 
 We'll see more about working with numbers in the chapter <info:number>.
 
-## BigInt
+## BigInt [#bigint-type]
 
 In JavaScript, the "number" type cannot represent integer values larger than <code>(2<sup>53</sup>-1)</code> (that's `9007199254740991`), or less than <code>-(2<sup>53</sup>-1)</code> for negatives. It's a technical limitation caused by their internal representation.
 

1-js/02-first-steps/08-operators/3-primitive-conversions-questions/solution.md

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ true + false = 1
 "$" + 4 + 5 = "$45"
 "4" - 2 = 2
 "4px" - 2 = NaN
-7 / 0 = Infinity
 "  -9  " + 5 = "  -9  5" // (3)
 "  -9  " - 5 = -14 // (4)
 null + 1 = 1 // (5)

1-js/02-first-steps/08-operators/3-primitive-conversions-questions/task.md

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ true + false
 "$" + 4 + 5
 "4" - 2
 "4px" - 2
-7 / 0
 "  -9  " + 5
 "  -9  " - 5
 null + 1

1-js/02-first-steps/08-operators/article.md

@@ -56,17 +56,21 @@ alert( 8 % 3 ); // 2, a remainder of 8 divided by 3
 
 ### Exponentiation **
 
-The exponentiation operator `a ** b` multiplies `a` by itself `b` times.
+The exponentiation operator `a ** b` raises `a` to the power of `b`.
+
+In school maths, we write that as a<sup>b</sup>.
 
 For instance:
 
 ```js run
-alert( 2 ** 2 ); // 4  (2 multiplied by itself 2 times)
-alert( 2 ** 3 ); // 8  (2 * 2 * 2, 3 times)
-alert( 2 ** 4 ); // 16 (2 * 2 * 2 * 2, 4 times)
+alert( 2 ** 2 ); // 2² = 4
+alert( 2 ** 3 ); // 2³ = 8
+alert( 2 ** 4 ); // 2⁴ = 16
 ```
 
-Mathematically, the exponentiation is defined for non-integer numbers as well. For example, a square root is an exponentiation by `1/2`:
+Just like in maths, the exponentiation operator is defined for non-integer numbers as well. 
+
+For example, a square root is an exponentiation by ½:
 
 ```js run
 alert( 4 ** (1/2) ); // 2 (power of 1/2 is the same as a square root)

1-js/02-first-steps/10-ifelse/2-check-standard/task.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ importance: 2
 
 Using the `if..else` construct, write the code which asks: 'What is the "official" name of JavaScript?'
 
-If the visitor enters "ECMAScript", then output "Right!", otherwise -- output: "Didn't know? ECMAScript!"
+If the visitor enters "ECMAScript", then output "Right!", otherwise -- output: "You don't know? ECMAScript!"
 
 ![](ifelse_task2.svg)
 

1-js/02-first-steps/11-logical-operators/article.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Logical operators
 
-There are three logical operators in JavaScript: `||` (OR), `&&` (AND), `!` (NOT).
+There are four logical operators in JavaScript: `||` (OR), `&&` (AND), `!` (NOT), `??` (Nullish Coalescing). Here we cover the first three, the `??` operator is in the next article.
 
 Although they are called "logical", they can be applied to values of any type, not only boolean. Their result can also be of any type.
 
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ if (hour < 10 || hour > 18 || isWeekend) {
 }
 ```
 
-## OR "||" finds the first truthy value
+## OR "||" finds the first truthy value [#or-finds-the-first-truthy-value]
 
 The logic described above is somewhat classical. Now, let's bring in the "extra" features of JavaScript.