diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 79064c319..675e0e4d3 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -386,6 +386,7 @@ Manually fixable by
 | [valid-describe-callback](docs/rules/valid-describe-callback.md)                     | Enforce valid `describe()` callback                                       | ✅  |     |     |     |
 | [valid-expect](docs/rules/valid-expect.md)                                           | Enforce valid `expect()` usage                                            | ✅  |     | 🔧  |     |
 | [valid-expect-in-promise](docs/rules/valid-expect-in-promise.md)                     | Require promises that have expectations in their chain to be valid        | ✅  |     |     |     |
+| [valid-mock-module-path](docs/rules/valid-mock-module-path.md)                       | Disallow mocking of non-existing module paths                             |     |     |     |     |
 | [valid-title](docs/rules/valid-title.md)                                             | Enforce valid titles                                                      | ✅  |     | 🔧  |     |
 
 ### Requires Type Checking
diff --git a/docs/rules/valid-mock-module-path.md b/docs/rules/valid-mock-module-path.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6dd13d45b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/rules/valid-mock-module-path.md
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+# Disallow mocking of non-existing module paths (`valid-mock-module-path`)
+
+<!-- end auto-generated rule header -->
+
+This rule raises an error when using `jest.mock` and `jest.doMock` and the first
+argument for mocked object (module/local file) do not exist.
+
+## Rule details
+
+This rule checks existence of the supplied path for `jest.mock` or `jest.doMock`
+in the first argument.
+
+The following patterns are considered errors:
+
+```js
+// Module(s) that cannot be found
+jest.mock('@org/some-module-not-in-package-json');
+jest.mock('some-module-not-in-package-json');
+
+// Local module (directory) that cannot be found
+jest.mock('../../this/module/does/not/exist');
+
+// Local file that cannot be found
+jest.mock('../../this/path/does/not/exist.js');
+```
+
+The following patterns are **not** considered errors:
+
+```js
+// Module(s) that can be found
+jest.mock('@org/some-module-in-package-json');
+jest.mock('some-module-in-package-json');
+
+// Local module that cannot be found
+jest.mock('../../this/module/really/does/exist');
+
+// Local file that cannot be found
+jest.mock('../../this/path/really/does/exist.js');
+```
+
+## Options
+
+```json
+{
+  "jest/valid-mock-module-path": [
+    "error",
+    {
+      "moduleFileExtensions": [".js", ".ts", ".jsx", ".tsx", ".json"]
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+### `moduleFileExtensions`
+
+This array option controls which file extensions the plugin checks for
+existence. The default extensions are:
+
+- `".js"`
+- `".ts"`
+- `".jsx"`
+- `".tsx"`
+- `".json"`
+
+For any custom extension, a preceding dot **must** be present before the file
+extension for desired effect.
+
+## When Not To Use It
+
+Don't use this rule on non-jest test files.
diff --git a/src/__tests__/__snapshots__/rules.test.ts.snap b/src/__tests__/__snapshots__/rules.test.ts.snap
index cbd7a4236..6bf462676 100644
--- a/src/__tests__/__snapshots__/rules.test.ts.snap
+++ b/src/__tests__/__snapshots__/rules.test.ts.snap
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ exports[`rules should export configs that refer to actual rules 1`] = `
       "jest/valid-describe-callback": "error",
       "jest/valid-expect": "error",
       "jest/valid-expect-in-promise": "error",
+      "jest/valid-mock-module-path": "error",
       "jest/valid-title": "error",
     },
   },
@@ -164,6 +165,7 @@ exports[`rules should export configs that refer to actual rules 1`] = `
       "jest/valid-describe-callback": "error",
       "jest/valid-expect": "error",
       "jest/valid-expect-in-promise": "error",
+      "jest/valid-mock-module-path": "error",
       "jest/valid-title": "error",
     },
   },
diff --git a/src/__tests__/rules.test.ts b/src/__tests__/rules.test.ts
index 857f65a41..a1a9af556 100644
--- a/src/__tests__/rules.test.ts
+++ b/src/__tests__/rules.test.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { existsSync } from 'fs';
 import { resolve } from 'path';
 import plugin from '../';
 
-const numberOfRules = 63;
+const numberOfRules = 64;
 const ruleNames = Object.keys(plugin.rules);
 const deprecatedRules = Object.entries(plugin.rules)
   .filter(([, rule]) => rule.meta.deprecated)
diff --git a/src/rules/__tests__/fixtures/module/bar.css b/src/rules/__tests__/fixtures/module/bar.css
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c5d5cfc0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/rules/__tests__/fixtures/module/bar.css
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+.bar-container {
+    background-color: #f5f5f5;
+    padding: 16px;
+    border-radius: 8px;
+    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
+}
diff --git a/src/rules/__tests__/fixtures/module/bar.json b/src/rules/__tests__/fixtures/module/bar.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9e26dfeeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/rules/__tests__/fixtures/module/bar.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/rules/__tests__/fixtures/module/foo.js b/src/rules/__tests__/fixtures/module/foo.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b9627ca7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/rules/__tests__/fixtures/module/foo.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export const foo = 'foo_js';
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/rules/__tests__/fixtures/module/foo.ts b/src/rules/__tests__/fixtures/module/foo.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4221ba044
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/rules/__tests__/fixtures/module/foo.ts
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export const foo = 'foo_ts';
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/rules/__tests__/fixtures/module/index.ts b/src/rules/__tests__/fixtures/module/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d6c3be183
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/rules/__tests__/fixtures/module/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export * from './foo';
diff --git a/src/rules/__tests__/fixtures/module/jsx/foo.jsx b/src/rules/__tests__/fixtures/module/jsx/foo.jsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
diff --git a/src/rules/__tests__/fixtures/module/tsx/foo.jsx b/src/rules/__tests__/fixtures/module/tsx/foo.jsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
diff --git a/src/rules/__tests__/valid-mock-module-path.test.ts b/src/rules/__tests__/valid-mock-module-path.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..87b89e685
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/rules/__tests__/valid-mock-module-path.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+import dedent from 'dedent';
+import rule from '../valid-mock-module-path';
+import { FlatCompatRuleTester as RuleTester, espreeParser } from './test-utils';
+
+const ruleTester = new RuleTester({
+  parser: espreeParser,
+  parserOptions: {
+    ecmaVersion: 2015,
+  },
+});
+
+ruleTester.run('valid-mock-module-path', rule, {
+  valid: [
+    { filename: __filename, code: 'jest.mock("./fixtures/module")' },
+    { filename: __filename, code: 'jest.mock("./fixtures/module", () => {})' },
+    { filename: __filename, code: 'jest.mock()' },
+    {
+      filename: __filename,
+      code: 'jest.doMock("./fixtures/module", () => {})',
+    },
+    {
+      filename: __filename,
+      code: dedent`
+        describe("foo", () => {});
+      `,
+    },
+    { filename: __filename, code: 'jest.doMock("./fixtures/module")' },
+    { filename: __filename, code: 'jest.mock("./fixtures/module/foo.ts")' },
+    { filename: __filename, code: 'jest.doMock("./fixtures/module/foo.ts")' },
+    { filename: __filename, code: 'jest.mock("./fixtures/module/foo.js")' },
+    { filename: __filename, code: 'jest.doMock("./fixtures/module/foo.js")' },
+    'jest.mock("eslint")',
+    'jest.doMock("eslint")',
+    'jest.mock("child_process")',
+    'jest.mock(() => {})',
+    {
+      filename: __filename,
+      code: dedent`
+        const a = "../module/does/not/exist";
+        jest.mock(a);
+    `,
+    },
+    { filename: __filename, code: 'jest.mock("./fixtures/module/jsx/foo")' },
+    { filename: __filename, code: 'jest.mock("./fixtures/module/tsx/foo")' },
+    {
+      filename: __filename,
+      code: 'jest.mock("./fixtures/module/tsx/foo")',
+      options: [{ moduleFileExtensions: ['.jsx'] }],
+    },
+    {
+      filename: __filename,
+      code: 'jest.mock("./fixtures/module/bar")',
+      options: [{ moduleFileExtensions: ['.json'] }],
+    },
+    {
+      filename: __filename,
+      code: 'jest.mock("./fixtures/module/bar")',
+      options: [{ moduleFileExtensions: ['.css'] }],
+    },
+  ],
+  invalid: [
+    {
+      filename: __filename,
+      code: "jest.mock('../module/does/not/exist')",
+      errors: [
+        {
+          messageId: 'invalidMockModulePath',
+          data: { moduleName: "'../module/does/not/exist'" },
+          column: 1,
+          line: 1,
+        },
+      ],
+    },
+    {
+      filename: __filename,
+      code: 'jest.mock("../file/does/not/exist.ts")',
+      errors: [
+        {
+          messageId: 'invalidMockModulePath',
+          data: { moduleName: '"../file/does/not/exist.ts"' },
+          column: 1,
+          line: 1,
+        },
+      ],
+    },
+    {
+      filename: __filename,
+      code: 'jest.mock("./fixtures/module/foo.jsx")',
+      options: [{ moduleFileExtensions: ['.tsx'] }],
+      errors: [
+        {
+          messageId: 'invalidMockModulePath',
+          data: { moduleName: '"./fixtures/module/foo.jsx"' },
+          column: 1,
+          line: 1,
+        },
+      ],
+    },
+    {
+      filename: __filename,
+      code: 'jest.mock("./fixtures/module/foo.jsx")',
+      options: [{ moduleFileExtensions: undefined }],
+      errors: [
+        {
+          messageId: 'invalidMockModulePath',
+          data: { moduleName: '"./fixtures/module/foo.jsx"' },
+          column: 1,
+          line: 1,
+        },
+      ],
+    },
+    {
+      filename: __filename,
+      code: 'jest.mock("@doesnotexist/module")',
+      errors: [
+        {
+          messageId: 'invalidMockModulePath',
+          data: { moduleName: '"@doesnotexist/module"' },
+          column: 1,
+          line: 1,
+        },
+      ],
+    },
+  ],
+});
diff --git a/src/rules/no-untyped-mock-factory.ts b/src/rules/no-untyped-mock-factory.ts
index 4f0448696..cebc26f33 100644
--- a/src/rules/no-untyped-mock-factory.ts
+++ b/src/rules/no-untyped-mock-factory.ts
@@ -1,22 +1,13 @@
 import { AST_NODE_TYPES, type TSESTree } from '@typescript-eslint/utils';
 import {
   createRule,
+  findModuleName,
   getAccessorValue,
   isFunction,
   isSupportedAccessor,
   isTypeOfJestFnCall,
 } from './utils';
 
-const findModuleName = (
-  node: TSESTree.Literal | TSESTree.Node,
-): TSESTree.StringLiteral | null => {
-  if (node.type === AST_NODE_TYPES.Literal && typeof node.value === 'string') {
-    return node;
-  }
-
-  return null;
-};
-
 export default createRule({
   name: __filename,
   meta: {
diff --git a/src/rules/utils/misc.ts b/src/rules/utils/misc.ts
index 71c8c91e1..fb56c85c8 100644
--- a/src/rules/utils/misc.ts
+++ b/src/rules/utils/misc.ts
@@ -225,3 +225,13 @@ export const getFirstMatcherArg = (
 
   return followTypeAssertionChain(firstArg);
 };
+
+export const findModuleName = (
+  node: TSESTree.Literal | TSESTree.Node,
+): TSESTree.StringLiteral | null => {
+  if (node.type === AST_NODE_TYPES.Literal && typeof node.value === 'string') {
+    return node;
+  }
+
+  return null;
+};
diff --git a/src/rules/valid-mock-module-path.ts b/src/rules/valid-mock-module-path.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..77feabc08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/rules/valid-mock-module-path.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+import { statSync } from 'fs';
+import path from 'path';
+import { AST_NODE_TYPES, type TSESTree } from '@typescript-eslint/utils';
+import {
+  createRule,
+  findModuleName,
+  getAccessorValue,
+  isSupportedAccessor,
+  isTypeOfJestFnCall,
+} from './utils';
+
+export default createRule<
+  [
+    Partial<{
+      moduleFileExtensions: readonly string[];
+    }>,
+  ],
+  'invalidMockModulePath'
+>({
+  name: __filename,
+  meta: {
+    type: 'problem',
+    docs: {
+      description: 'Disallow mocking of non-existing module paths',
+    },
+    messages: {
+      invalidMockModulePath: 'Module path {{ moduleName }} does not exist',
+    },
+    schema: [
+      {
+        type: 'object',
+        properties: {
+          moduleFileExtensions: {
+            type: 'array',
+            items: { type: 'string' },
+            additionalItems: false,
+          },
+        },
+        additionalProperties: false,
+      },
+    ],
+  },
+  defaultOptions: [
+    {
+      moduleFileExtensions: ['.js', '.ts', '.tsx', '.jsx', '.json'],
+    },
+  ],
+  create(
+    context,
+    [{ moduleFileExtensions = ['.js', '.ts', '.tsx', '.jsx', '.json'] }],
+  ) {
+    return {
+      CallExpression(node: TSESTree.CallExpression): void {
+        if (node.callee.type !== AST_NODE_TYPES.MemberExpression) {
+          return;
+        }
+
+        if (
+          !node.arguments.length ||
+          !isTypeOfJestFnCall(node, context, ['jest']) ||
+          !(
+            isSupportedAccessor(node.callee.property) &&
+            ['mock', 'doMock'].includes(getAccessorValue(node.callee.property))
+          )
+        ) {
+          return;
+        }
+
+        const moduleName = findModuleName(node.arguments[0]);
+
+        if (!moduleName) {
+          return;
+        }
+
+        try {
+          if (!moduleName.value.startsWith('.')) {
+            require.resolve(moduleName.value);
+
+            return;
+          }
+
+          const resolvedModulePath = path.resolve(
+            path.dirname(context.filename),
+            moduleName.value,
+          );
+
+          const hasPossiblyModulePaths = ['', ...moduleFileExtensions].some(
+            ext => {
+              try {
+                statSync(`${resolvedModulePath}${ext}`);
+
+                return true;
+              } catch {
+                return false;
+              }
+            },
+          );
+
+          if (hasPossiblyModulePaths) {
+            return;
+          }
+        } catch (err: unknown) {
+          const castedErr = err as { code: string };
+
+          // Reports unexpected issues when attempt to verify mocked module path.
+          // The list of possible errors is non-exhaustive.
+          /* istanbul ignore if */
+          if (castedErr.code !== 'MODULE_NOT_FOUND') {
+            throw new Error(
+              `Error when trying to validate mock module path from \`jest.mock\`: ${err}`,
+            );
+          }
+        }
+
+        context.report({
+          messageId: 'invalidMockModulePath',
+          data: { moduleName: moduleName.raw },
+          node,
+        });
+      },
+    };
+  },
+});