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typos, some improvemets
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xtightlycoupledio.adoc

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= XtightlyCoupledIO
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Jan Oleksiewicz <jnk0le@hotmail.com>
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:appversion: 3.2.47
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:appversion: 3.2.48
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:toc:
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:toclevels: 4
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:sectnums:
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ This document is released under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
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[cols="1,5",options=header]
2020
|====================================================================================
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| Version | Change
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| v3.2.48 | typos, some improvemets
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| v3.2.47 | typos, improve appendix
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| v3.2.46 | fixed typos
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| v3.2.45 | typo, anti windup satration not considered
@@ -267,9 +268,7 @@ mappings instead anyway.
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==== xmos
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Xmos went for software defined peripherals with a barrel processing.
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<<xmosxs1>>, <<xmosprog>>
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Xmos went for software defined peripherals with a barrel processing. <<xmosxs1>>, <<xmosprog>>
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The IO ports can be divided into 1,4,8,16, or 32 bit witdth. +
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Buffered by shift registers, clocked by a timer or external clock. +
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- bit test (and set/clear/change) instructions (updates carry flag)
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Later versions (e.g. 56800) <<DSP56800RM>> extended the single bit into a bitmask match
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where all of selected bits must be set or cleared to cause the condition.
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where all of selected bits must be set or cleared to cause the condition. +
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Masks in branching instructions are limited to 8 bits, targeting top or bottom byte.
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=== alternative approaches
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==== map to upper GPR
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Available on RVE only. Limited to 16 GPR mapped registers.
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Allows to recycle standard risc-v instructions operating on GPRs.
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Allows to recycle major part of the microarchitectural pipeline as well as standard
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risc-v instructions operating on GPRs.
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==== use custom `csr` registers
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==== use AMO-op instructions
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There is limited availability of A extension acros embedded cores.
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There is limited availability of A extension across embedded cores.
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Still requires loading of base address. +
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Base address must be generated with full `lui` + `addi` sequence as there is no immediate offset
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==== load to IO/store from IO register
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Useful to directly store or load IO content to/from memory without processing.
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It is also non deterministic and can trap due to e.g. alignment or pmp restrictions, violating atomicity guarantee.
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It is also non deterministic and can trap due to e.g. alignment or pmp
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restrictions, violating atomicity guarantee (with expensive workarounds).
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Those also would consume a lot of encoding space.
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==== IO with multiply/multiply-accumulate
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possible only within destructive encoding.
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NOTE: P extension is about to introduce instructions with destructive `rd` encodings,
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including IFMA, designated for DSP tasks
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including IFMA, designated for DSP tasks of the same domain as targeted by XTightlyCoupledIO
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==== `bfp` from 0.94 bitmanip
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==== memory model of IO access
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The access to IO registers by `tio.` instructions, follows the TSO moemory model with respect to each other.
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The access to IO registers by `tio.` instructions, follows the TSO memory model with respect to each other.
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The repeated accesses to the same IO register is sequentially consistent.
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NOTE: TSO model is the best fit for typicall in-order pipelines longer than 2-3 stages
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NOTE: TSO model is the best fit for typical in-order pipelines longer than 2-3 stages
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NOTE: implementations cannot reuse operand forwarding to solve RAW hazards of IO registers
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due to `volatile` rules

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