Python: Prevent bad TC and add a bit of caching

Using `simpleLocalFlowStep+` with the first argument specialised to
`CfgNode` was causing the compiler to turn this into a very slowly
converging manual TC computation.

Instead, we use `simpleLocalFlowStep*` (which is fast) and then join
that with a single step from any `CfgNode`. This should amount to the
same thing.

I also noticed that the charpred for `LocalSourceNode` was getting
recomputed a lot, so this is now cached. (The recomputation was
especially bad since it relied on `simpleLocalFlowStep+`, but anyway
it's a good idea not to recompute this.)

Author: tausbn

python/ql/src/semmle/python/dataflow/new/internal/DataFlowPublic.qll

@@ -467,14 +467,22 @@ class BarrierGuard extends GuardNode {
   }
 }
 
+private predicate comes_from_cfgnode(Node node) {
+  exists(Node second |
+    simpleLocalFlowStep(any(CfgNode c), second) and
+    simpleLocalFlowStep*(second, node)
+  )
+}
+
 /**
  * A data flow node that is a source of local flow. This includes things like
  * - Expressions
  * - Function parameters
  */
 class LocalSourceNode extends Node {
+  cached
   LocalSourceNode() {
-    not simpleLocalFlowStep+(any(CfgNode n), this) and
+    not comes_from_cfgnode(this) and
     not this instanceof ModuleVariableNode
     or
     this = any(ModuleVariableNode mvn).getARead()