QA for Kaia v2.2.0

[blukat29]

• Regular tests @yoomee1313 @Mdaiki0730
  • sync test no unusual behavior or log
  • Load test QA for Kaia v2.2.0 #704 (comment)
• Osaka hardfork features
  • KIP-279 BlobTx
    • (prerequisite) Launch a 4CN-4PN-2EN local network with Osaka enabled.
    • User can send BlobTx via eth_sendRawTransaction API @2dvorak
    • BlobTx is mined into blocks, but sidecars are dropped from blocks. Inspect the LevelDB (BlockDB) and filesystem. Also, debug log appears correctly. @2dvorak
    • Blob sidecars are available via eth_getBlobSidecar* APIs @2dvorak
    • Invalid BlobTx is rejected at eth_sendRawTransaction #655 @ian0371
    • Invalid BlobTx is rejected at consensus, during the preprepare handling. The test assumes a malicious block proposer #683 @ian0371
    • BLOBHASH and BLOBBASEFEE opcodes work @shiki-tak
    • eth_feeHistory and eth_blobBaseFee APIs work @shiki-tak
  • Other EIPs @Mdaiki0730 @da1suk8
    • EIP-7823,7883 MODEXP spec reflects the latest EIPs @Mdaiki0730 QA for Kaia v2.2.0 #704 (comment)
    • EIP-7939 CLZ opcode works @Mdaiki0730 QA for Kaia v2.2.0 #704 (comment)
    • EIP-7951 secp256r1 precompile works @da1suk8 QA for Kaia v2.2.0 #704 (comment)
    • KIP-276 eth_config API works @da1suk8 QA for Kaia v2.2.0 #704 (comment)
• Other changes @blukat29 QA for Kaia v2.2.0 #704 (comment)
  • eth_subscribe returns the logs in the correct order #432, #633
  • The new account commands work #551, #646, #648
  • The genesis override flag works #674
  • The chain flags retain their semantics (--mainnet, --kairos) #665

[blukat29]

eth_subscribe API returns the logs in the correct order

Reproduce the test from #478 (comment)

4 logs from 4 transactions were emitted in a block. The websocket client received the logs in their logIndex order ✅

Local network and sample contract setup

• start 4CN-1PN-1EN network using kaiaspray/local-deploy
• deploy test contract

$ forge init
$ cat << EOF > src/Counter.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: UNLICENSED
pragma solidity ^0.8.13;

contract Counter {
    uint256 public number;
    event SetNumber(uint256 newNumber);

    function setNumber(uint256 newNumber) public {
        number = newNumber;
        emit SetNumber(number);
    }

    function increment() public {
        number++;
        emit SetNumber(number);
    }
}
EOF
$ cast rpc --rpc-url http://localhost:8551 kaia_clientVersion
"Klaytn/v2.2.0/darwin-arm64/go1.25.3"
$ cast rpc --rpc-url http://localhost:8551 kaia_nodeAddress
"0xf39fd6e51aad88f6f4ce6ab8827279cfffb92266"
$ forge create src/Counter.sol:Counter --rpc-url http://localhost:8551 --private-key 0xac0974bec39a17e36ba4a6b4d238ff944bacb478cbed5efcae784d7bf4f2ff80 --broadcast
[⠊] Compiling...
[⠑] Compiling 1 files with Solc 0.8.28
[⠘] Solc 0.8.28 finished in 695.99ms
Compiler run successful!
Deployer: 0xf39Fd6e51aad88F6F4ce6aB8827279cffFb92266
Deployed to: 0x5FbDB2315678afecb367f032d93F642f64180aa3
Transaction hash: 0xeb0bbf337e9efe7eb9560cca287868f4e35a1c9dc5763afb49cff60d024783f8

eth_subscribe result

• Rapidly send 4 transactions

cast send --rpc-url http://localhost:8551 --private-key 0xac0974bec39a17e36ba4a6b4d238ff944bacb478cbed5efcae784d7bf4f2ff80 0x5FbDB2315678afecb367f032d93F642f64180aa3 "increment()" &
cast send --rpc-url http://localhost:8551 --private-key 0x59c6995e998f97a5a0044966f0945389dc9e86dae88c7a8412f4603b6b78690d 0x5FbDB2315678afecb367f032d93F642f64180aa3 "increment()" &
cast send --rpc-url http://localhost:8551 --private-key 0x5de4111afa1a4b94908f83103eb1f1706367c2e68ca870fc3fb9a804cdab365a 0x5FbDB2315678afecb367f032d93F642f64180aa3 "increment()" &
cast send --rpc-url http://localhost:8551 --private-key 0x7c852118294e51e653712a81e05800f419141751be58f605c371e15141b007a6 0x5FbDB2315678afecb367f032d93F642f64180aa3 "increment()" &

• Subscribe to logs

$ wscat -c ws://localhost:8651
Connected (press CTRL+C to quit)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                > {"id":1,"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_subscribe","params":["logs", {}]}                                                                                                                                                                                                       < {"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"result":"0x30b863584d4b7309339c45dbe2691040"}

< {"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_subscription","params":{"subscription":"0x30b863584d4b7309339c45dbe2691040","result":{"address":"0x5fbdb2315678afecb367f032d93f642f64180aa3","topics":["0x331bb01bcf77ec721a35a558a7984e8e6ca33b507d3ee1dd13b76f64381e54d4"],"data":"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004","blockNumber":"0xc3","transactionHash":"0xd3b4e88bad8b27e956b83a83da1b7d0d87142d0ec2e29255f6935d29bee42128","transactionIndex":"0x0","blockHash":"0x30f5928c831930a606bec1f175ed9fbb60aee2a174cc53c94c6f4128e514ab74","logIndex":"0x0","removed":false}}}

< {"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_subscription","params":{"subscription":"0x30b863584d4b7309339c45dbe2691040","result":{"address":"0x5fbdb2315678afecb367f032d93f642f64180aa3","topics":["0x331bb01bcf77ec721a35a558a7984e8e6ca33b507d3ee1dd13b76f64381e54d4"],"data":"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005","blockNumber":"0xc3","transactionHash":"0x554c32d85fc3fc5f485f0db10eeb08155ca0b848c388dcba6afdee388d8f845a","transactionIndex":"0x1","blockHash":"0x30f5928c831930a606bec1f175ed9fbb60aee2a174cc53c94c6f4128e514ab74","logIndex":"0x1","removed":false}}}

< {"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_subscription","params":{"subscription":"0x30b863584d4b7309339c45dbe2691040","result":{"address":"0x5fbdb2315678afecb367f032d93f642f64180aa3","topics":["0x331bb01bcf77ec721a35a558a7984e8e6ca33b507d3ee1dd13b76f64381e54d4"],"data":"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000006","blockNumber":"0xc3","transactionHash":"0x25a48864e88e24b00ccec9afd03b0d1269712931086d3f52ffa0399c06b63f85","transactionIndex":"0x2","blockHash":"0x30f5928c831930a606bec1f175ed9fbb60aee2a174cc53c94c6f4128e514ab74","logIndex":"0x2","removed":false}}}

< {"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_subscription","params":{"subscription":"0x30b863584d4b7309339c45dbe2691040","result":{"address":"0x5fbdb2315678afecb367f032d93f642f64180aa3","topics":["0x331bb01bcf77ec721a35a558a7984e8e6ca33b507d3ee1dd13b76f64381e54d4"],"data":"0x00000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000007","blockNumber":"0xc3","transactionHash":"0x29667e9f83ac90750828bc27e528dfcaa5ffcee73f41852991dbfbe6478d0a59","transactionIndex":"0x3","blockHash":"0x30f5928c831930a606bec1f175ed9fbb60aee2a174cc53c94c6f4128e514ab74",
"logIndex":"0x3","removed":false}}}

ken account command

ken account new --v3 ✅

• ken account new generates the v4 by default. See KIP-3 for the v4 spec.

$ ken account new
Your new account is locked with a password. Please give a password. Do not forget this password.
Passphrase:
Repeat passphrase:
Address: {f14dd56f71e5f29be97fdf9aa1438d009d424231}

$ cat $DATA_DIR/keystore/UTC--2026-01-21T02-00-06.089326000Z--f14dd56f71e5f29be97fdf9aa1438d009d424231 | jq
{
  "address": "f14dd56f71e5f29be97fdf9aa1438d009d424231",
  "keyring": [
    [
      {
        "cipher": "aes-128-ctr",
        "ciphertext": "0c9958a03fe3b7a8b3e393eef970a1c0954cb6b494a625fd685babfb046f4990",
        "cipherparams": {
          "iv": "31f5e6a41e475584e564ff1dc4d7f5b3"
        },
        "kdf": "scrypt",
        "kdfparams": {
          "dklen": 32,
          "n": 262144,
          "p": 1,
          "r": 8,
          "salt": "362cbded24b757567836741becf3547cb65d327ec1aabf6da2f894f0143e9073"
        },
        "mac": "7b7cff75573aec28cf378572fb35fff878a4e66a7c7ef5e38935630ee2712fa9"
      }
    ]
  ],
  "id": "69270e6f-a5c1-4173-8e4f-054d40303a1a",
  "version": 4
}

• ken account new --v3 generates the v3 format

$ ken account new --v3
Your new account is locked with a password. Please give a password. Do not forget this password.
Passphrase:
Repeat passphrase:
Address: {5e4f8e195ded823a0f86ca04a50adf9f1793f1ed}

$ cat $DATA_DIR/keystore/UTC--2026-01-21T02-01-03.932184000Z--5e4f8e195ded823a0f86ca04a50adf9f1793f1ed | jq
{
  "address": "5e4f8e195ded823a0f86ca04a50adf9f1793f1ed",
  "crypto": {
    "cipher": "aes-128-ctr",
    "ciphertext": "ce5c038869a0330518704799b5093d7cf3ef12663654c07c6c402f137618b4e9",
    "cipherparams": {
      "iv": "3221f46c2737b4ff54ec4bc06442806d"
    },
    "kdf": "scrypt",
    "kdfparams": {
      "dklen": 32,
      "n": 262144,
      "p": 1,
      "r": 8,
      "salt": "08334e552884573a7081182bf9edf213968e731d7c6bf3c9d022f0231bcccad4"
    },
    "mac": "3c2eec5fe0fc00f51a42b930626c27aaa6c15956b8c89f35424af77329cf45c1"
  },
  "id": "dba0ac3d-63fe-4e35-8db3-1a18d31328e4",
  "version": 3
}

ken account bls-new ✅

• ken account bls-new generates an EIP-2335 BLS keystore

$ ken account bls-new
Creating new BLS key: pub=a686d6a598cd14d11c1b36dce910e7c3749ade9b70b1dab702193a40ba857483d170af07fbdb1d99c327cc3d467070cc
Please give a new password. Do not forget this password.
Passphrase:
Repeat passphrase:
Successfully wrote 'bls-keystore-0xE714c3aFb660D6E78a2C517335FD7f759d212638.json'

$ cat bls-keystore-0xE714c3aFb660D6E78a2C517335FD7f759d212638.json | jq
{
  "crypto": {
    "checksum": {
      "function": "sha256",
      "message": "beaf1bbde426bdbbdc5c05276bd19c83be44fd9ae58fc26f02993d7178251b9d",
      "params": {}
    },
    "cipher": {
      "function": "aes-128-ctr",
      "message": "149047eeca7a064c04e8119d6a5e969e4cbd8492403058142e7443dcd9ea28b4",
      "params": {
        "iv": "e1402df5489cb04eae2722b48a40665f"
      }
    },
    "kdf": {
      "function": "pbkdf2",
      "message": "",
      "params": {
        "c": 262144,
        "dklen": 32,
        "prf": "hmac-sha256",
        "salt": "8499c613adfb39d02608308323605c6473cb3f5bf01e93c1c0626380337ee5a8"
      }
    }
  },
  "description": "",
  "pubkey": "a686d6a598cd14d11c1b36dce910e7c3749ade9b70b1dab702193a40ba857483d170af07fbdb1d99c327cc3d467070cc",
  "path": "",
  "uuid": "ab6b0cb7-7a1d-4c13-9561-161da3398d2e",
  "version": 4
}

ken account import, export ✅

• ken account import raw ecdsa private key file -> v4 keystore file

$ ken account import $DATA_DIR/klay/nodekey
Your new account is locked with a password. Please give a password. Do not forget this password.
Passphrase:
Repeat passphrase:
Address: {e714c3afb660d6e78a2c517335fd7f759d212638}
Your account is imported at .../keystore/UTC--2026-01-21T02-10-52.273852000Z--e714c3afb660d6e78a2c517335fd7f759d212638

$ cat $DATA_DIR/keystore/UTC--2026-01-21T02-10-52.273852000Z--e714c3afb660d6e78a2c517335fd7f759d212638 | jq
{
  "address": "e714c3afb660d6e78a2c517335fd7f759d212638",
  "keyring": [
    [
      {
        "cipher": "aes-128-ctr",
        "ciphertext": "92b125617370f26bb3626f1ce8f9451bf51b9092a092307c993a0aef68fc5b48",
        "cipherparams": {
          "iv": "a88228b76fd63a277a7ba1f4d9807e01"
        },
        "kdf": "scrypt",
        "kdfparams": {
          "dklen": 32,
          "n": 262144,
          "p": 1,
          "r": 8,
          "salt": "417cb9f0292f477af4aaaa6b63ed57bb0d824bf546c975734e6275a57e2d71b4"
        },
        "mac": "0ccdc9d4392ef06c8d6cea7fb5ba59eba24749fc9fa30348a20314db343736f2"
      }
    ]
  ],
  "id": "d975bedb-3815-4e9d-9302-aace62a0b1f0",
  "version": 4
}

• ken account import --v3 raw ecdsa private key file -> v3 keystore file

$ ken account import --v3 $DATA_DIR/klay/nodekey
Your new account is locked with a password. Please give a password. Do not forget this password.
Passphrase:
Repeat passphrase:
Address: {e714c3afb660d6e78a2c517335fd7f759d212638}
Your account is imported at .../keystore/UTC--2026-01-21T02-12-00.461728000Z--e714c3afb660d6e78a2c517335fd7f759d212638
$ cat $DATA_DIR/keystore/UTC--2026-01-21T02-12-00.461728000Z--e714c3afb660d6e78a2c517335fd7f759d212638 | jq
{
  "address": "e714c3afb660d6e78a2c517335fd7f759d212638",
  "crypto": {
    "cipher": "aes-128-ctr",
    "ciphertext": "1274c628a63bc734ac89a803b9b45bda18db1b3598278c2684b06a2ce9b03c0c",
    "cipherparams": {
      "iv": "df7a13ad1da20ef98b4dd50f6752d822"
    },
    "kdf": "scrypt",
    "kdfparams": {
      "dklen": 32,
      "n": 262144,
      "p": 1,
      "r": 8,
      "salt": "a16ba2859701300b3c6243d69fda9afca27eaa88cd6ed6bef3c9547a78b01d09"
    },
    "mac": "7f81474c5fc659f15d42ca281cdffb7ffc7eb52b3c7ce9cf1a1d894c87457041"
  },
  "id": "2b9e667a-9b26-4212-abfa-cc5cc56f63a9",
  "version": 3
}

• ken account export v3 or v4 keystore file -> raw ecdsa private key file

$ cat $DATA_DIR/keystore/UTC--2026-01-21T02-12-00.461728000Z--e714c3afb660d6e78a2c517335fd7f759d212638 | jq .version
3
$ rm $DATA_DIR/klay/nodekey
$ ken account export --nodekeystore $DATA_DIR/keystore/UTC--2026-01-21T02-12-00.461728000Z--e714c3afb660d6e78a2c517335fd7f759d212638
Enter the password
Passphrase:
Exporting node key: address=e714c3afb660d6e78a2c517335fd7f759d212638
Successfully wrote '.../klay/nodekey'
$ cat $DATA_DIR/klay/nodekey; echo
6f8b6210a3155d74948e35300ff4f9f760c3ee197433aad0bb61d3425250f44a

$ cat $DATA_DIR/keystore/UTC--2026-01-21T02-14-52.291815000Z--e714c3afb660d6e78a2c517335fd7f759d212638 | jq .version
4
$ rm $DATA_DIR/klay/nodekey
$ ken account export --nodekeystore $DATA_DIR/keystore/UTC--2026-01-21T02-14-52.291815000Z--e714c3afb660d6e78a2c517335fd7f759d212638
Enter the password
Passphrase:
Exporting node key: address=e714c3afb660d6e78a2c517335fd7f759d212638
Successfully wrote '.../klay/nodekey'
cat $DATA_DIR/klay/nodekey; echo
6f8b6210a3155d74948e35300ff4f9f760c3ee197433aad0bb61d3425250f44a

ken account bls-import, bls-export ✅

• ken account bls-import raw bls private key file at default location -> EIP-2335 keystore file

$ ken account bls-import
Importing BLS key: pub=af0c0079110ec80087feba04309163a3356da433207f78dfc483ce3b35ee66e4067f727f91674e29ead97e4834288750
Please give a new password. Do not forget this password.
Passphrase:
Repeat passphrase:
Successfully wrote 'bls-keystore-0xE714c3aFb660D6E78a2C517335FD7f759d212638.json'
$ cat bls-keystore-0xE714c3aFb660D6E78a2C517335FD7f759d212638.json | jq
{
  "crypto": {
    "checksum": {
      "function": "sha256",
      "message": "ccb0f578c2a865bc404a422e2869a15f4920bd59afd479a8f2355b77a808a287",
      "params": {}
    },
    "cipher": {
      "function": "aes-128-ctr",
      "message": "d554cecf6e869bd9c1848ff902e26b8cc8dc449e14c322e162e9e9a3d2742130",
      "params": {
        "iv": "eee8fee9c51dff400be8be497b5e220b"
      }
    },
    "kdf": {
      "function": "pbkdf2",
      "message": "",
      "params": {
        "c": 262144,
        "dklen": 32,
        "prf": "hmac-sha256",
        "salt": "051e8cf4f381e236b1f9b54d09b08cf2bb5187e903ffdededf7c4a21b65d44fe"
      }
    }
  },
  "description": "",
  "pubkey": "af0c0079110ec80087feba04309163a3356da433207f78dfc483ce3b35ee66e4067f727f91674e29ead97e4834288750",
  "path": "",
  "uuid": "c8303b6f-7516-4fc7-96f0-3f1d12d17a73",
  "version": 4
}

• ken account bls-export EIP-2335 keystore file -> raw bls private key file at default location

$ rm $DATA_DIR/klay/bls-nodekey
$ ken account bls-export --bls-nodekeystore bls-keystore-0xE714c3aFb660D6E78a2C517335FD7f759d212638.json
Enter the password
Passphrase:
Exporting BLS key: pub=af0c0079110ec80087feba04309163a3356da433207f78dfc483ce3b35ee66e4067f727f91674e29ead97e4834288750
Successfully wrote '.../klay/bls-nodekey'
$ cat $DATA_DIR/klay/bls-nodekey; echo
12018471c1918b32dc968155b1efe8f249c94756ec4358519c1b03fad8d1fbd9

chainid and genesis commands

kairos and mainnet flags ✅

$ rm -r $DATA_DIR
$ ken
INFO[01/21,11:19:49 +09] [18] Mainnet network ID is set                 networkid=8217
$ ken

$ rm -r $DATA_DIR
$ ken --mainnet
INFO[01/21,11:19:58 +09] [18] Mainnet network ID is set                 networkid=8217

$ rm -r $DATA_DIR
$ ken --kairos
INFO[01/21,11:20:09 +09] [18] Kairos network ID is set                  networkid=1001

ken init custom genesis ✅

• ken init then start the node

$ cat genesis.json | jq .config.chainId
31337
$ rm -r $DATA_DIR
$ ken init genesis.json
INFO[01/21,11:24:12 +09] [19] Successfully wrote genesis state          database=chaindata hash=0x0957bc72b096ce7dfef03321f8fdaf93bc10a821e654cb4e944500220e178ed4

$ ken --networkid 31337
INFO[01/21,11:24:23 +09] [18] A private network ID is set               networkid=31337
$ ken attach
> eth.chainId()
"0x7a69"
> 0x7a69
31337
> eth.getBlock(0).hash
"0x0957bc72b096ce7dfef03321f8fdaf93bc10a821e654cb4e944500220e178ed4"

[ian0371]

KIP-279 BlobTx

1. EN rejects incorrect blobTx data from eth_sendRawTransaction. The last byte from a correct <blob, commitment, proof> was manipulated.

Incorrect data	Rejected with error
blob	can't verify opening proof
commitment	invalid point: subgroup check failed
proof	invalid point: subgroup check failed
empty sidecar	blobless blob transaction

2. When a malicious proposer sends incorrect blobTx during consensus, an instant round change occurs. The incorrect tx will stay in the malicious proposer's txpool.pending indefinitely.

Incorrect data	Failed to verify proposal with error
blob	can't verify opening proof
commitment	invalid point: subgroup check failed
proof	invalid point: subgroup check failed
empty sidecar	invalid blob transaction with sidecar

Malicious proposer

For invalid blob, commitment, proof:

diff --git i/blockchain/state_transition.go w/blockchain/state_transition.go
index ab4e85bdb..f8dae535c 100644
--- i/blockchain/state_transition.go
+++ w/blockchain/state_transition.go
@@ -427,8 +427,12 @@ func (st *StateTransition) preCheck() error {
 		}
 	}
 
+	skipBlobValidation := Malicious && (st.msg.BlobHashes() != nil || st.blobGasUsed() > 0)
+	if skipBlobValidation {
+		logger.Warn("Malicious node skipping blob transaction validation from st.preCheck", "tx", st.msg.Hash())
+	}
 	// Check the blob version validity
-	if st.msg.BlobHashes() != nil {
+	if !skipBlobValidation && st.msg.BlobHashes() != nil {
 		// The to field of a blob tx type is mandatory, and a `BlobTx` transaction internally
 		// has it as a non-nillable value, so any msg derived from blob transaction has it non-nil.
 		// However, messages created through RPC (eth_call) don't have this restriction.
@@ -448,7 +452,7 @@ func (st *StateTransition) preCheck() error {
 		}
 	}
 	// Check that the user is paying at least the current blob fee
-	if st.evm.ChainConfig().Rules(st.evm.Context.BlockNumber).IsOsaka {
+	if !skipBlobValidation && st.evm.ChainConfig().Rules(st.evm.Context.BlockNumber).IsOsaka {
 		if st.blobGasUsed() > 0 {
 			// This will panic if blobBaseFee is nil, but blobBaseFee presence
 			// is verified as part of header validation.
diff --git i/blockchain/tx_pool.go w/blockchain/tx_pool.go
index 49e966d05..b657d4877 100644
--- i/blockchain/tx_pool.go
+++ w/blockchain/tx_pool.go
@@ -101,6 +101,8 @@ var (
 	// ErrFutureReplacePending is returned if a future transaction replaces a pending
 	// one. Future transactions should only be able to replace other future transactions.
 	ErrFutureReplacePending = errors.New("future transaction tries to replace pending")
+
+	Malicious bool
 )
 
 var (
@@ -993,7 +995,9 @@ func (pool *TxPool) validateTx(tx *types.Transaction) error {
 	}
 
 	if tx.Type() == types.TxTypeEthereumBlob {
-		if err := pool.validateBlobTx(tx); err != nil {
+		if Malicious {
+			logger.Warn("Malicious node skipping blob transaction validation from txpool.validateTx", "tx", tx)
+		} else if err := pool.validateBlobTx(tx); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
diff --git i/cmd/utils/config.go w/cmd/utils/config.go
index 834bd5ca8..ad73ef281 100644
--- i/cmd/utils/config.go
+++ w/cmd/utils/config.go
@@ -780,6 +780,12 @@ func (kCfg *KaiaConfig) SetKaiaConfig(ctx *cli.Context, stack *node.Node) {
 		core.VRankLogFrequency = ctx.Uint64(VRankLogFrequencyFlag.Name)
 	}
 
+	// Malicious mode (for testing only)
+	if ctx.Bool(MaliciousFlag.Name) {
+		blockchain.Malicious = true
+		logger.Warn("Malicious mode enabled - certain transaction validations will be skipped")
+	}
+
 	// Set kaiax module config
 	gasless.SetGaslessConfig(ctx, cfg.Gasless)
 	auction.SetAuctionConfig(ctx, cfg.Auction, kCfg.Node.P2P.ConnectionType)
diff --git i/cmd/utils/flags.go w/cmd/utils/flags.go
index b4f2bb26f..34d272035 100644
--- i/cmd/utils/flags.go
+++ w/cmd/utils/flags.go
@@ -2054,6 +2054,14 @@ var (
 		Category: "VRANK",
 	}
 
+	// Malicious node flag (for testing only)
+	MaliciousFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
+		Name:     "malicious",
+		Usage:    "Enable malicious mode to skip certain transaction validations (for testing only)",
+		EnvVars:  []string{"KAIA_MALICIOUS"},
+		Category: "MISC",
+	}
+
 	// TODO-Kaia-Bootnode: Add bootnode's metric options
 	// TODO-Kaia-Bootnode: Implements bootnode's RPC
 )
diff --git i/cmd/utils/nodeflags.go w/cmd/utils/nodeflags.go
index d0ea46a53..14f281fc0 100644
--- i/cmd/utils/nodeflags.go
+++ w/cmd/utils/nodeflags.go
@@ -288,6 +288,8 @@ var CommonNodeFlags = []cli.Flag{
 	altsrc.NewBoolFlag(auction.DisableFlag),
 	altsrc.NewInt64Flag(auction.MaxBidPoolSizeFlag),
 	altsrc.NewDurationFlag(auction.EDOffsetFlag),
+	// Malicious mode (for testing only)
+	altsrc.NewBoolFlag(MaliciousFlag),
 }
 
 // Common RPC flags
diff --git i/consensus/istanbul/backend/backend.go w/consensus/istanbul/backend/backend.go
index 203b584d4..c24c031f0 100644
--- i/consensus/istanbul/backend/backend.go
+++ w/consensus/istanbul/backend/backend.go
@@ -338,6 +338,10 @@ func (sb *backend) Verify(proposal istanbul.Proposal) (time.Duration, error) {
 	}
 	for _, tx := range block.Transactions() {
 		if tx.Type() == types.TxTypeEthereumBlob {
+			if blockchain.Malicious {
+				sb.logger.Warn("Malicious node skipping blob transaction validation from backend.Verify", "txHash", tx.Hash())
+				continue
+			}
 			sidecar := tx.BlobTxSidecar()
 			if sidecar == nil {
 				sb.logger.Error("No blob sidecar for blob transaction", "txHash", tx.Hash())
diff --git i/work/worker.go w/work/worker.go
index dd647b05b..b2d05e9bf 100644
--- i/work/worker.go
+++ w/work/worker.go
@@ -1140,10 +1140,17 @@ func (env *Task) hasBlobSpace(tx *types.Transaction, bundle *builder.Bundle, nod
 		if tx.Type() == types.TxTypeEthereumBlob {
 			sc := tx.BlobTxSidecar()
 			if sc == nil {
-				logger.Trace("Blob transaction without sidecar", "hash", tx.Hash())
-				return false
+				if blockchain.Malicious {
+					// For malicious mode, use blob hashes count instead of sidecar
+					logger.Warn("Malicious node including blob tx without sidecar", "hash", tx.Hash())
+					blobsWillBeExecuted += len(tx.BlobHashes())
+				} else {
+					logger.Trace("Blob transaction without sidecar", "hash", tx.Hash())
+					return false
+				}
+			} else {
+				blobsWillBeExecuted += len(sc.Blobs)
 			}
-			blobsWillBeExecuted += len(sc.Blobs)
 		}
 	}

For empty sidecar:

diff --git i/consensus/istanbul/core/core.go w/consensus/istanbul/core/core.go
index 572a389cd..33fc20003 100644
--- i/consensus/istanbul/core/core.go
+++ w/consensus/istanbul/core/core.go
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ import (
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/kaiachain/kaia/blockchain"
 	"github.com/kaiachain/kaia/blockchain/types"
 	"github.com/kaiachain/kaia/common"
 	"github.com/kaiachain/kaia/common/prque"
@@ -298,6 +299,13 @@ func (c *core) startNewRound(round *big.Int) {
 			r := &istanbul.Request{
 				Proposal: c.current.Proposal(), // c.current.Proposal would be the locked proposal by previous proposer, see updateRoundState
 			}
+			if blockchain.Malicious {
+				block := c.current.Proposal().(*types.Block)
+				block = block.WithoutBlobSidecars()
+				r = &istanbul.Request{
+					Proposal: block,
+				}
+			}
 			c.sendPreprepare(r)
 		} else if c.current.pendingRequest != nil {
 			c.sendPreprepare(c.current.pendingRequest)

Output log from benign CN

CN-2-1  | INFO[01/19,07:40:53 Z] [51|work/worker.go:683]                          Commit new mining work                    number=301 hash=b20a00…2dfa16 txs=0 elapsed=5.670ms    commitTime=5.180ms   finalizeTime=479.667µs
CN-2-1  | ERROR[01/19,07:40:53 Z] [24|consensus/istanbul/backend/backend.go:351]   Invalid blob transaction with sidecar     txHash=98c647…c56374 err="can't verify opening proof"
CN-2-1  | WARN[01/19,07:40:53 Z] [25|consensus/istanbul/core/preprepare.go:104]   Failed to verify proposal                 address=0x3C44CdDdB6a900fa2b585dd299e03d12FA4293BC from=0x70997970C51812dc3A010C7d01b50e0d17dc79C8 state="Accept request" err="invalid blob transaction with sidecar" duration=0s
CN-2-1  | WARN[01/19,07:40:53 Z] [25|consensus/istanbul/core/roundchange.go:38]   [RC] sendNextRoundChange happened         where="handlePreprepare. Proposal verification failure. Not ErrFutureBlock"
CN-2-1  | WARN[01/19,07:40:53 Z] [25|consensus/istanbul/core/roundchange.go:53]   [RC] Prepare messages received before catchUpRound  address=0x3C44CdDdB6a900fa2b585dd299e03d12FA4293BC state="Accept request" len(prepares)=0 messages="\n"
CN-2-1  | WARN[01/19,07:40:53 Z] [25|consensus/istanbul/core/roundchange.go:55]   [RC] Commit messages received before catchUpRound  address=0x3C44CdDdB6a900fa2b585dd299e03d12FA4293BC state="Accept request" len(commits)=0 messages="\n"
CN-2-1  | WARN[01/19,07:40:53 Z] [25|consensus/istanbul/core/core.go:332]         [RC] Catch up round                       address=0x3C44CdDdB6a900fa2b585dd299e03d12FA4293BC old_round=0 old_seq=301 old_proposer=0x70997970C51812dc3A010C7d01b50e0d17dc79C8 new_round=1 new_seq=301 new_proposer=0x3C44CdDdB6a900fa2b585dd299e03d12FA4293BC
CN-2-1  | WARN[01/19,07:40:53 Z] [25|consensus/istanbul/core/roundchange.go:127]  [RC] Prepare messages received before startNewRound  address=0x3C44CdDdB6a900fa2b585dd299e03d12FA4293BC state="Accept request" from=0x90F79bf6EB2c4f870365E785982E1f101E93b906 round=1 len(prepares)=0 messages="\n"
CN-2-1  | WARN[01/19,07:40:53 Z] [25|consensus/istanbul/core/roundchange.go:129]  [RC] Commit messages received before startNewRound  address=0x3C44CdDdB6a900fa2b585dd299e03d12FA4293BC state="Accept request" from=0x90F79bf6EB2c4f870365E785982E1f101E93b906 round=1 len(commits)=0 messages="\n"
CN-2-1  | WARN[01/19,07:40:53 Z] [25|consensus/istanbul/core/roundchange.go:131]  [RC] Received 2f+1 Round Change Messages. Starting new round  address=0x3C44CdDdB6a900fa2b585dd299e03d12FA4293BC state="Accept request" from=0x90F79bf6EB2c4f870365E785982E1f101E93b906 currentRound=1 newRound=1
CN-2-1  | INFO[01/19,07:40:53 Z] [25|consensus/istanbul/core/prepare.go:90]       received a quorum of the messages and change state to prepared  msgType=1 prepareMsgNum=3 commitMsgNum=0 valSet=4
CN-2-1  | INFO[01/19,07:40:53 Z] [24|consensus/istanbul/backend/backend.go:296]   Committed                                 number=301 hash=9a71e8…cb1ff0 address=0x3C44CdDdB6a900fa2b585dd299e03d12FA4293BC

[Mdaiki0730]

EIP-7939 CLZ opcode works

Opcode on private network. Using this to deploy the contract to call clz and call it.

The localnet is set by kaiaspray/local-deploy.

node properties

# setup directories as in https://github.com/kaiachain/kaiaspray/blob/b09ee7d/local-deploy/README.md?plain=1#L38-L41
NETWORK_ID=949494 # put random NETWORK_ID
NUMOFCN=4
NUMOFPN=4
NUMOFEN=4
NUMOFTESTACCSPERNODE=0

# remix option
REMIX=true # if this is true, set the cors field of the EN to use remix. If EN not available, CN will be used for remix.

# homi - nodekey dir options. If you already using existing nodekeys, locate the nodekeys under nodekey
HOMI_CNKEYS=false
HOMI_PNKEYS=false
HOMI_ENKEYS=false

# homi - some useful options
HOMI_PATCH_ADDRESSBOOK=false # if you set true, the addressbook admin will be the cn1 nodekey.
HOMI_REGISTRY=false # if you set true, the bls-registry mock will be registered automatically.
HOMI_NUMOF_INITIAL_CN_NUM=0 # amount NUMOFCN, HOMI_NUMOF_INITIAL_CN_NUM will be addvalidate later.
HOMI_BAOBAB_TEST=true # if you set true, the homi will be setup for baobab testnet.

commands to run tests

npx hardhat run script/clz/qa/01_setup.ts
npx hardhat run script/clz/qa/02_run_tests.ts

Test Case	Input	Expected Output	Passed
Zero input - should return 256	0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000	0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100	✅
MSB set (0x8000...0000) - should return 0	0x8000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000	0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000	✅
All bits set (0xffff...ffff) - should return 0	0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff	0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000	✅
Second MSB set (0x4000...0000) - should return 1	0x4000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000	0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001	✅
All bits except MSB set (0x7fff...ffff) - should return 1	0x7fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff	0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001	✅
LSB set (0x0000...0001) - should return 255	0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001	0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ff	✅

[2dvorak]

KIP-279 BlobTx

1. User can send BlobTx via eth_sendRawTransaction API

   Using the script

   $ npx ts-node ethers.ts 7594
   testing 7594...
   275358
   0xe46a8075089c81882bdadc24434067b92f97eb20c5c0ca81694056ccf65f87bf
   

2. BlobTx is mined into blocks, but sidecars are dropped from blocks. Inspect the LevelDB (BlockDB) and filesystem. Also, debug log appears correctly.

• check levelDB and filesystem different type of nodes
  Open block db, get block body to see its length.
  Also, check blob file exists in chaindata/blob.

  Go code

  package main
  
  import (
  	"encoding/binary"
  	"encoding/hex"
  	"fmt"
  
  	"github.com/kaiachain/kaia/common"
  	"github.com/syndtr/goleveldb/leveldb"
  	"github.com/syndtr/goleveldb/leveldb/opt"
  )
  
  var blockBodyPrefix = []byte("b")
  
  func int64ToByteBigEndian(num uint64) []byte {
  	buf := make([]byte, 8)
  	binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(buf, num)
  	return buf
  }
  
  func blockBodyKey(number uint64, hash common.Hash) []byte {
  	return append(append(blockBodyPrefix, int64ToByteBigEndian(number)...), hash.Bytes()...)
  }
  
  func main() {
  	dbPath := "../../work/kaia/homi-output/chaindata/" + os.Args[1] + "/body"
  	blockNumber := uint64(95)
  	blockHashStr := "0x9cec352ecaa73e5270478afa9086f886b9decc5ecff670f222cc036f574e2808"
  
  	blockHash := common.HexToHash(blockHashStr)
  
  	// Open body database
  	opts := &opt.Options{
  		ReadOnly: true,
  	}
  	bodyDB, err := leveldb.OpenFile(dbPath, opts)
  	if err != nil {
  		fmt.Printf("Failed to open body db: %v\n", err)
  		return
  	}
  	defer bodyDB.Close()
  
  	// Get block body
  	bodyKey := blockBodyKey(blockNumber, blockHash)
  	bodyData, err := bodyDB.Get(bodyKey, nil)
  	if err != nil {
  		fmt.Printf("Failed to get block body: %v\n", err)
  		return
  	}
  
  	fmt.Printf("Body Data Length: %d bytes\n", len(bodyData))
  	fmt.Printf("Body Data (hex): %s\n", hex.EncodeToString(bodyData))
  }
  

   $ nodes=(cn0 cn1 cn2 cn3 pn0 pn1 pn2 pn3 en0 en1)
   
   $for n in "${nodes[@]}"; do
     go run blockdb.go $n
     stat -f %z ../../work/kaia/homi-output/chaindata/$n/blob/0/95_0.bin
   done
   cn0
   Body Data Length: 275 bytes
   Body Data (hex): 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
   137410
  
   ... and the rest of the nodes have the exact same result
  

• debug log
  Check debug log using command:

  $ docker compose logs 2>&1 | grep -E "blob"
  

  CNs:

  CN-0-1  | DEBUG[01/22,06:53:17 Z] [5|blockchain/tx_pool.go:2051]                     saving blob sidecar from tx in finalized block  blockNumber=95 txIndex=0 txHash=e46a80…5f87bf
  CN-3-1  | DEBUG[01/22,06:53:17 Z] [5|blockchain/tx_pool.go:2051]                     saving blob sidecar from tx in finalized block  blockNumber=95 txIndex=0 txHash=e46a80…5f87bf
  CN-1-1  | DEBUG[01/22,06:53:17 Z] [5|blockchain/tx_pool.go:2051]                     saving blob sidecar from tx in finalized block  blockNumber=95 txIndex=0 txHash=e46a80…5f87bf
  CN-2-1  | DEBUG[01/22,06:53:17 Z] [5|blockchain/tx_pool.go:2051]                     saving blob sidecar from tx in finalized block  blockNumber=95 txIndex=0 txHash=e46a80…5f87bf
  

  PNs:

  PN-1-1  | DEBUG[01/22,06:53:17 Z] [5|blockchain/tx_pool.go:2062]                     saving blob sidecar from pool             blockNumber=95 txIndex=0 txHash=e46a80…5f87bf
  PN-3-1  | DEBUG[01/22,06:53:17 Z] [5|blockchain/tx_pool.go:2062]                     saving blob sidecar from pool             blockNumber=95 txIndex=0 txHash=e46a80…5f87bf
  PN-0-1  | DEBUG[01/22,06:53:17 Z] [5|blockchain/tx_pool.go:2062]                     saving blob sidecar from pool             blockNumber=95 txIndex=0 txHash=e46a80…5f87bf
  PN-2-1  | DEBUG[01/22,06:53:17 Z] [5|blockchain/tx_pool.go:2062]                     saving blob sidecar from pool             blockNumber=95 txIndex=0 txHash=e46a80…5f87bf
  

  ENs: blob tx sent to EN0, EN0 stores from txpool, whereas EN1 stores from p2p

  EN-0-1  | DEBUG[01/22,06:53:17 Z] [5|blockchain/tx_pool.go:2062]                     saving blob sidecar from pool             blockNumber=95 txIndex=0 txHash=e46a80…5f87bf
  
  EN-1-1  | DEBUG[01/22,06:53:17 Z] [5|blockchain/tx_pool.go:2070]                     failed to get blob sidecar from pool      hash=e46a80…5f87bf                                                      err="transaction not found in pool: 0xe46a8075089c81882bdadc24434067b92f97eb20c5c0ca81694056ccf65f87bf"
  EN-1-1  | DEBUG[01/22,06:53:17 Z] [5|blockchain/tx_pool.go:2074]                     missing blob sidecar is sent to protocol manager to fetch later  blockNumber=95 txIndex=0 txHash=e46a80…5f87bf
  EN-1-1  | DEBUG[01/22,06:53:17 Z] [33|node/cn/peer.go:1097]                           Fetching batch of blob sidecars           id=dc185abc021dbc7f conn=staticdial count=1
  

3. Blob sidecars are available via eth_getBlobSidecar* APIs

   $ cast rpc eth_getBlobSidecars 79 false --rpc-url http://localhost:8551
   [{"blobSidecar":{"blobs":["0x4c6f6e67206c6976652074686520424c4f427321000000000000000000000000"],"commitments":["0x86d92681fe75507804ebb73a253ff4221c88c09539aa0d46aa41e431c7ead0e90317181c1f252c2716b6b2c36ca72046"],"proofs":["0x9178a787bc5d1870471c5a0327792f98e33c5e859a12647172ed50f3073414c7f5c7f066a6b65c88b3a0c6bd3e63484b",...,"0x8070c8ef2b2e315d315a124554db79f08304d8fe1897fde950116991d3a75d8f3c97c7b36d6563d22f5bc77381a8fb4b"],"version":1},"blockHash":"0xcad4d3d08bb07929ce5c6e9ce2e4bab50bf35b5fcbb652b026d0101f2cddb02e","blockNumber":"0x4f","txHash":"0xe46a8075089c81882bdadc24434067b92f97eb20c5c0ca81694056ccf65f87bf","txIndex":"0x0"}]
   
   $ cast rpc eth_getBlobSidecarByTxHash 0xe46a8075089c81882bdadc24434067b92f97eb20c5c0ca81694056ccf65f87bf false --rpc-url http://localhost:8551
   {"blobSidecar":{"blobs":["0x4c6f6e67206c6976652074686520424c4f427321000000000000000000000000"],"commitments":["0x86d92681fe75507804ebb73a253ff4221c88c09539aa0d46aa41e431c7ead0e90317181c1f252c2716b6b2c36ca72046"],"proofs":["0x9178a787bc5d1870471c5a0327792f98e33c5e859a12647172ed50f3073414c7f5c7f066a6b65c88b3a0c6bd3e63484b",..."0x8070c8ef2b2e315d315a124554db79f08304d8fe1897fde950116991d3a75d8f3c97c7b36d6563d22f5bc77381a8fb4b"],"version":1},"blockHash":"0xcad4d3d08bb07929ce5c6e9ce2e4bab50bf35b5fcbb652b026d0101f2cddb02e","blockNumber":"0x4f","txHash":"0xe46a8075089c81882bdadc24434067b92f97eb20c5c0ca81694056ccf65f87bf","txIndex":"0x0"}
   
   $ cast rpc eth_getBlobSidecarByTxHash 0xe46a8075089c81882bdadc24434067b92f97eb20c5c0ca81694056ccf65f87bf true --rpc-url http://localhost:8551
   {"blobSidecar":{"blobs":["0x4c6f6e67206c6976652074686520424c4f4273210000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000..."],"commitments":["0x86d92681fe75507804ebb73a253ff4221c88c09539aa0d46aa41e431c7ead0e90317181c1f252c2716b6b2c36ca72046"],"proofs":["0x9178a787bc5d1870471c5a0327792f98e33c5e859a12647172ed50f3073414c7f5c7f066a6b65c88b3a0c6bd3e63484b",..,"0x8070c8ef2b2e315d315a124554db79f08304d8fe1897fde950116991d3a75d8f3c97c7b36d6563d22f5bc77381a8fb4b"],"version":1},"blockHash":"0xcad4d3d08bb07929ce5c6e9ce2e4bab50bf35b5fcbb652b026d0101f2cddb02e","blockNumber":"0x4f","txHash":"0xe46a8075089c81882bdadc24434067b92f97eb20c5c0ca81694056ccf65f87bf","txIndex":"0x0"}
   

[shiki-tak]

Use checker script

1. BLOBHASH and BLOBBASEFEE opcodes work

• Prepare contract

  Solidity code

  // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
  
  contract BlobOpcodesTest {
  
      event BlobOpcodesResult(
          bytes32 indexed blobHash,
          uint256 blobBaseFee,
          uint256 indexed blobIndex
      );
  
  
      function testBlobOpcodes(uint256 blobIndex) public {
          bytes32 hash;
          uint256 fee;
          
          assembly {
              hash := blobhash(blobIndex)            
              fee := blobbasefee()
          }
          
          emit BlobOpcodesResult(hash, fee, blobIndex);
      }
  }
  

• Tx receipt

{
  "status": "0x1",
  "cumulativeGasUsed": "0x731d",
  "logs": [
    {
      "address": "0x0acb69dcbaf25a7e3f2650be218bdbb365c2d740",
      "topics": [
        "0xd652faeaf0f3cf21741745d1cc8fa75018d08fd5e17473b456d81dd9b37823a7",
        "0x016f2dec5826dba2b8071deb0fba09244486cc4f9b981fe26396bc3206d2a8d7",
        "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
      ],
      "data": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002e90edd000",
      "blockHash": "0x59012746aba5cd2a274a1fc4e1122c420599cb7c66233000a73fe167d06ade85",
      "blockNumber": "0xdf",
      "transactionHash": "0xafaa08f0e1272762f3dbecec1b34d45e6a83a961ae10a0936de389712756c17a",
      "transactionIndex": "0x0",
      "logIndex": "0x0",
      "removed": false
    }
  ],
  "logsBloom": "0x40000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002000000000000000000000000000000000800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020000000000000000000880000000000000000000000000000000000000001000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "type": "0x3",
  "transactionHash": "0xafaa08f0e1272762f3dbecec1b34d45e6a83a961ae10a0936de389712756c17a",
  "transactionIndex": "0x0",
  "blockHash": "0x59012746aba5cd2a274a1fc4e1122c420599cb7c66233000a73fe167d06ade85",
  "blockNumber": "0xdf",
  "gasUsed": "0x731d",
  "effectiveGasPrice": "0x5d21dba00",
  "blobGasUsed": "0x20000",
  "blobGasPrice": "0x2e90edd000",
  "from": "0xd0bbb81177d84e5b7f085b70d3ad30663558ab78",
  "to": "0x0acb69dcbaf25a7e3f2650be218bdbb365c2d740",
  "contractAddress": null
}
{
  "address": "0x0acb69dcbaf25a7e3f2650be218bdbb365c2d740",
  "topics": [
    "0xd652faeaf0f3cf21741745d1cc8fa75018d08fd5e17473b456d81dd9b37823a7",
    "0x016f2dec5826dba2b8071deb0fba09244486cc4f9b981fe26396bc3206d2a8d7",
    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
  ],
  "data": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002e90edd000",
  "blockHash": "0x59012746aba5cd2a274a1fc4e1122c420599cb7c66233000a73fe167d06ade85",
  "blockNumber": "0xdf",
  "transactionHash": "0xafaa08f0e1272762f3dbecec1b34d45e6a83a961ae10a0936de389712756c17a",
  "transactionIndex": "0x0",
  "logIndex": "0x0",
  "removed": false
}

• Get blobHash from tx

❯ export TX_HASH=0xafaa08f0e1272762f3dbecec1b34d45e6a83a961ae10a0936de389712756c17a
❯ TX=$(cast tx $TX_HASH --rpc-url $RPC_URL --json)
❯ EXPECTED_BLOB_HASH=$(echo $TX | jq -r ".blobVersionedHashes[$BLOB_INDEX] // empty")
❯ echo $EXPECTED_BLOB_HASH                                                         
0x016f2dec5826dba2b8071deb0fba09244486cc4f9b981fe26396bc3206d2a8d7

✓ BLOBHASH matches expected value
  Expected: 0x016f2dec5826dba2b8071deb0fba09244486cc4f9b981fe26396bc3206d2a8d7
  Got:      0x016f2dec5826dba2b8071deb0fba09244486cc4f9b981fe26396bc3206d2a8d7

• Get blobBaseFee from tx

❯ EVENT_SIG=$(cast keccak "BlobOpcodesResult(bytes32,uint256,uint256)")
❯ LOG=$(echo $RECEIPT | jq -r ".logs[] | select(.topics[0] == \"$EVENT_SIG\") | .")
❯ BLOB_BASE_FEE=$(echo $LOG | jq -r '.data' | cast --to-dec)
❯ echo $BLOB_BASE_FEE  
200000000000
❯ API_BLOB_BASE_FEE=$(cast rpc eth_blobBaseFee --rpc-url $RPC_URL)
❯ echo $API_BLOB_BASE_FEE
"0x2e90edd000"
❯ cast --to-unit 0x2e90edd000      
200000000000

✓ BLOBBASEFEE matches API value
  Expected (from API): 200000000000 wei (200 gwei)
  Got (from opcode):   200000000000 wei (200 gwei)

2. eth_feeHistory and eth_getBlobBaseFee APIs work

❯ cast rpc eth_feeHistory 1 latest "[]" --rpc-url $RPC_URL
{"oldestBlock":"0x7e9","baseFeePerGas":["0x5d21dba00","0x5d21dba00"],"blobBaseFeePerGas":["0x2e90edd000","0x2e90edd000"],"gasUsedRatio":[0]}
❯ cast rpc eth_blobBaseFee --rpc-url $RPC_URL
"0x2e90edd000"

[Mdaiki0730]

EIP-7823,7883 MODEXP spec reflects the latest EIPs

Opcode on private network. Using this to deploy the contract to call modexp and call it.

The localnet is set by kaiaspray/local-deploy.

node properties

# setup directories as in https://github.com/kaiachain/kaiaspray/blob/b09ee7d/local-deploy/README.md?plain=1#L38-L41
NETWORK_ID=949494 # put random NETWORK_ID
NUMOFCN=4
NUMOFPN=4
NUMOFEN=4
NUMOFTESTACCSPERNODE=0

# remix option
REMIX=true # if this is true, set the cors field of the EN to use remix. If EN not available, CN will be used for remix.

# homi - nodekey dir options. If you already using existing nodekeys, locate the nodekeys under nodekey
HOMI_CNKEYS=false
HOMI_PNKEYS=false
HOMI_ENKEYS=false

# homi - some useful options
HOMI_PATCH_ADDRESSBOOK=false # if you set true, the addressbook admin will be the cn1 nodekey.
HOMI_REGISTRY=false # if you set true, the bls-registry mock will be registered automatically.
HOMI_NUMOF_INITIAL_CN_NUM=0 # amount NUMOFCN, HOMI_NUMOF_INITIAL_CN_NUM will be addvalidate later.
HOMI_BAOBAB_TEST=true # if you set true, the homi will be setup for baobab testnet.

commands to run tests

npx hardhat run script/modexp/osaka/qa/01_setup.ts
npx hardhat run script/modexp/osaka/qa/02_run_tests.ts

Test Case	Base Length	Exponent Length	Modulus Length	Expected Result	Actual Result	Status
Common case: 32-byte inputs	32 bytes	32 bytes	32 bytes	Success	Success (66 bytes)	✅
Edge case: base exactly 1024 bytes	1024 bytes	32 bytes	32 bytes	Success	Success (66 bytes)	✅
Edge case: exponent exactly 1024 bytes	32 bytes	1024 bytes	32 bytes	Success	Success (66 bytes)	✅
Edge case: modulus exactly 1024 bytes	32 bytes	32 bytes	1024 bytes	Success	Success (2050 bytes)	✅
Invalid: base exceeds 1024 bytes	1025 bytes	32 bytes	32 bytes	Failure	Failure (input exceeds limit)	✅
Invalid: exponent exceeds 1024 bytes	32 bytes	1025 bytes	32 bytes	Failure	Failure (input exceeds limit)	✅
Invalid: modulus exceeds 1024 bytes	32 bytes	32 bytes	1025 bytes	Failure	Failure (input exceeds limit)	✅

[da1suk8]

EIP-7951 secp256r1 precompile works

Local network and sample contract setup

• start 1CN-1PN-1EN network using kaiaspray/local-deploy
• deploy test contract

$ cat P256VerifyWrapper.sol 
// SPDX-License-Identifier: UNLICENSED
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

contract P256VerifyWrapper {
    function verify(bytes calldata input) external view returns (bool ok, bytes memory ret) {
        bytes memory out;
        bool success;
        assembly {
            let dataLen := input.length
            let dataPtr := mload(0x40)
            calldatacopy(dataPtr, input.offset, dataLen)

            success := staticcall(gas(), 0x100, dataPtr, dataLen, 0, 0)

            let size := returndatasize()
            out := mload(0x40)
            mstore(out, size)
            mstore(0x40, add(out, add(size, 0x20)))
            returndatacopy(add(out, 0x20), 0, size)
        }
        ok = success && out.length == 32 && out[31] == 0x01;
        ret = out;
    }
}%             
$ cast rpc --rpc-url http://localhost:8551 kaia_clientVersion
"Klaytn/v2.2.0/darwin-arm64/go1.25.3"
$ forge create ./P256VerifyWrapper.sol:P256VerifyWrapper \
  --root . \
  --rpc-url http://localhost:8553 \
  --chain-id 949494 \
  --private-key addaab6ee3dd5ef2f17a3a53ab9e734e4701860812c657377fde82a7435e48cf \
  --broadcast
[⠊] Compiling...
[⠒] Compiling 1 files with Solc 0.8.30
[⠢] Solc 0.8.30 finished in 33.59ms
Compiler run successful!
Deployer: 0xdD5CAaBB828C6fcc1525012738D74DBa855964bd
Deployed to: 0x94F813b451337AfE540BEd128569b376Ed478A12
Transaction hash: 0xcda3d6b593a76f5aa419c1ec325162d60d9b4487effb00f62405427da2ceb3d2

Commands to run tests

# valid_official_standard
$ cast call 0x94F813b451337AfE540BEd128569b376Ed478A12 "verify(bytes)(bool)" 0x4cee90eb86eaa050036147a12d49004b6b9c72bd725d39d4785011fe190f0b4da73bd4903f0ce3b639bbbf6e8e80d16931ff4bcf5993d58468e8fb19086e8cac36dbcd03009df8c59286b162af3bd7fcc0450c9aa81be5d10d312af6c66b1d604aebd3099c618202fcfe16ae7770b0c49ab5eadf74b754204a3bb6060e44eff37618b065f9832de4ca6ca971a7a1adc826d0f7c00181a5fb2ddf79ae00b4e10e --rpc-url http://localhost:8553 --chain-id 949494 
true

# valid_self_generated
$ cast call 0x94F813b451337AfE540BEd128569b376Ed478A12 "verify(bytes)(bool)" 0xfdd4ed9fb71e5d15aa183c132f9fcb4ccd7658753f96530e0d11094cecca6214b413e5ce3956b71ba754fdc3d957fb35ab7219a4e9b7748375a289c57e6e928917efd6147bc10288eeeb4ba848690183c5112b592ecac0ed00f4babcc7a2c32a1b1092b6f87fd7029cb1f24bae994f5c3a191283508d03402249b2e5bea3d11b7095fbfc1837f1b417eaf11b9d9818047b29eb63a3456774b07d3bfddb67e176 --rpc-url http://localhost:8553 --chain-id 949494 
true

# valid_self_empty_msg
$ cast call 0x94F813b451337AfE540BEd128569b376Ed478A12 "verify(bytes)(bool)" 0xe3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855314256ab42fd2cd0a129be57f04f3351c2d740cfc9d0c77de4fb9579af3ea088128de18d28bc4c61637ad0f3b41da327cd853a78b4392d16a343638b4a03feb01b1092b6f87fd7029cb1f24bae994f5c3a191283508d03402249b2e5bea3d11b7095fbfc1837f1b417eaf11b9d9818047b29eb63a3456774b07d3bfddb67e176 --rpc-url http://localhost:8553 --chain-id 949494
true

# valid_wycheproof_vector
$ cast call 0x94F813b451337AfE540BEd128569b376Ed478A12 "verify(bytes)(bool)" 0xbb5a52f42f9c9261ed4361f59422a1e30036e7c32b270c8807a419feca6050232ba3a8be6b94d5ec80a6d9d1190a436effe50d85a1eee859b8cc6af9bd5c2e184cd60b855d442f5b3c7b11eb6c4e0ae7525fe710fab9aa7c77a67f79e6fadd762927b10512bae3eddcfe467828128bad2903269919f7086069c8c4df6c732838c7787964eaac00e5921fb1498a60f4606766b3d9685001558d1a974e7341513e --rpc-url http://localhost:8553 --chain-id 949494
true

# invalid_self_tampered_r
$ cast call 0x94F813b451337AfE540BEd128569b376Ed478A12 "verify(bytes)(bool)" 0xfdd4ed9fb71e5d15aa183c132f9fcb4ccd7658753f96530e0d11094cecca6214b513e5ce3956b71ba754fdc3d957fb35ab7219a4e9b7748375a289c57e6e928917efd6147bc10288eeeb4ba848690183c5112b592ecac0ed00f4babcc7a2c32a1b1092b6f87fd7029cb1f24bae994f5c3a191283508d03402249b2e5bea3d11b7095fbfc1837f1b417eaf11b9d9818047b29eb63a3456774b07d3bfddb67e176 --rpc-url http://localhost:8553 --chain-id 949494
false

# invalid_wycheproof_mod3
$ cast call 0x94F813b451337AfE540BEd128569b376Ed478A12 "verify(bytes)(bool)" 0xbb5a52f42f9c9261ed4361f59422a1e30036e7c32b270c8807a419feca605023d45c5740946b2a147f59262ee6f5bc90bd01ed280528b62b3aed5fc93f06f739b329f479a2bbd0a5c384ee1493b1f5186a87139cac5df4087c134b49156847db2927b10512bae3eddcfe467828128bad2903269919f7086069c8c4df6c732838c7787964eaac00e5921fb1498a60f4606766b3d9685001558d1a974e7341513e --rpc-url http://localhost:8553 --chain-id 949494
false

# invalid_wycheproof_mod5
$ cast call 0x94F813b451337AfE540BEd128569b376Ed478A12 "verify(bytes)(bool)" 0xbb5a52f42f9c9261ed4361f59422a1e30036e7c32b270c8807a419feca605023d45c5741946b2a137f59262ee6f5bc91001af27a5e1117a64733950642a3d1e8b329f479a2bbd0a5c384ee1493b1f5186a87139cac5df4087c134b49156847db2927b10512bae3eddcfe467828128bad2903269919f7086069c8c4df6c732838c7787964eaac00e5921fb1498a60f4606766b3d9685001558d1a974e7341513e --rpc-url http://localhost:8553 --chain-id 949494
false

# invalid_key_point_at_infinity
$ cast call 0x94F813b451337AfE540BEd128569b376Ed478A12 "verify(bytes)(bool)" 0xfdd4ed9fb71e5d15aa183c132f9fcb4ccd7658753f96530e0d11094cecca62148004b073f603153b68eb4515924580d371a4de05d87b2f46cf4c144444658e4a7ae8bb94a1cee23e8c55878f967ef5e83c921af65d3e4234dad2b1c9904c093600000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --rpc-url http://localhost:8553 --chain-id 949494
false

# invalid_key_not_on_curve
$ cast call 0x94F813b451337AfE540BEd128569b376Ed478A12 "verify(bytes)(bool)" 0xfdd4ed9fb71e5d15aa183c132f9fcb4ccd7658753f96530e0d11094cecca62148b368f778666c11d00ab64e592ebebfb5e92fda6a01bd92a360197f62d12b51936a429365da4a2eb4cffd9c9d2aa1ed56699c55cb5ee753c138f4c15e263cecc00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001 --rpc-url http://localhost:8553 --chain-id 949494
false

# invalid_scalar_zero_value
$ cast call 0x94F813b451337AfE540BEd128569b376Ed478A12 "verify(bytes)(bool)" 0xfdd4ed9fb71e5d15aa183c132f9fcb4ccd7658753f96530e0d11094cecca621400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000007c41abfb63d3035ea0b9e4e00e936e02bc9b1b858b6c6c3d20a1202a88d768761b1092b6f87fd7029cb1f24bae994f5c3a191283508d03402249b2e5bea3d11b7095fbfc1837f1b417eaf11b9d9818047b29eb63a3456774b07d3bfddb67e176 --rpc-url http://localhost:8553 --chain-id 949494

# Precopmile gas cost
cast call 0x94F813b451337AfE540BEd128569b376Ed478A12 "verify(bytes)(bool)" 0x4cee90eb86eaa050036147a12d49004b6b9c72bd725d39d4785011fe190f0b4da73bd4903f0ce3b639bbbf6e8e80d16931ff4bcf5993d58468e8fb19086e8cac36dbcd03009df8c59286b162af3bd7fcc0450c9aa81be5d10d312af6c66b1d604aebd3099c618202fcfe16ae7770b0c49ab5eadf74b754204a3bb6060e44eff37618b065f9832de4ca6ca971a7a1adc826d0f7c00181a5fb2ddf79ae00b4e10e --rpc-url http://localhost:8553 --chain-id 949494 --trace
Traces:
  [3790] 0x94F813b451337AfE540BEd128569b376Ed478A12::verify(0x4cee90eb86eaa050036147a12d49004b6b9c72bd725d39d4785011fe190f0b4da73bd4903f0ce3b639bbbf6e8e80d16931ff4bcf5993d58468e8fb19086e8cac36dbcd03009df8c59286b162af3bd7fcc0450c9aa81be5d10d312af6c66b1d604aebd3099c618202fcfe16ae7770b0c49ab5eadf74b754204a3bb6060e44eff37618b065f9832de4ca6ca971a7a1adc826d0f7c00181a5fb2ddf79ae00b4e10e)
    ├─ [0] 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000100::4cee90eb(86eaa050036147a12d49004b6b9c72bd725d39d4785011fe190f0b4da73bd4903f0ce3b639bbbf6e8e80d16931ff4bcf5993d58468e8fb19086e8cac36dbcd03009df8c59286b162af3bd7fcc0450c9aa81be5d10d312af6c66b1d604aebd3099c618202fcfe16ae7770b0c49ab5eadf74b754204a3bb6060e44eff37618b065f9832de4ca6ca971a7a1adc826d0f7c00181a5fb2ddf79ae00b4e10e) [staticcall]
    │   └─ ← [Stop]
    └─ ← [Return] 0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000


Transaction successfully executed.
Gas used: 28170

Self generated signature

$ openssl ecparam -name prime256v1 -genkey -noout -out key.pem
$ printf "test secp256r1" > msg.bin
$ cat make_vec.go
package main

import (
	"crypto/ecdsa"
	"crypto/rand"
	"crypto/sha256"
	"crypto/x509"
	"encoding/hex"
	"encoding/pem"
	"fmt"
	"math/big"
	"os"
)

func main() {
	// 1. Load resources
	key := loadKey("key.pem")
	msg, err := os.ReadFile("msg.bin")
	if err != nil {
		// Treat missing msg.bin as empty message for edge-case generation.
		msg = []byte{}
	}

	// 2. Hash & Sign
	h := sha256.Sum256(msg)
	hash := h[:]
	r, s, err := ecdsa.Sign(rand.Reader, key, hash)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	// 3. Low-S Normalize (secp256r1)
	n, _ := new(big.Int).SetString("ffffffff00000000ffffffffffffffffbce6faada7179e84f3b9cac2fc632551", 16)
	if s.Cmp(new(big.Int).Rsh(n, 1)) > 0 {
		s.Sub(n, s)
	}

	// 4. Output: hash|r|s|x|y
	var out []byte
	out = append(out, hash...)
	out = append(out, to32(r)...)
	out = append(out, to32(s)...)
	out = append(out, to32(key.X)...)
	out = append(out, to32(key.Y)...)

	fmt.Printf("input hex: 0x%s\n", hex.EncodeToString(out))
}

func loadKey(filename string) *ecdsa.PrivateKey {
	data, _ := os.ReadFile(filename)
	block, _ := pem.Decode(data)
	// Try EC key first, then PKCS8
	if key, err := x509.ParseECPrivateKey(block.Bytes); err == nil {
		return key
	}
	key, err := x509.ParsePKCS8PrivateKey(block.Bytes)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	return key.(*ecdsa.PrivateKey)
}

func to32(i *big.Int) []byte {
	b := make([]byte, 32)
	i.FillBytes(b)
	return b
}
$ ls
key.pem msg.bin make_vec.go
$ go run make_vec.go
input hex: 0xfdd4ed9fb71e5d15aa183c132f9fcb4ccd7658753f96530e0d11094cecca62140388839eb16b0d0809b7331a5e1cd564c98e0b3cca64dd43822568dcdd45940b34ba9f6b41da5837b42fd10acbc6130175787edbe4c3acf2b9203b872e605df41b1092b6f87fd7029cb1f24bae994f5c3a191283508d03402249b2e5bea3d11b7095fbfc1837f1b417eaf11b9d9818047b29eb63a3456774b07d3bfddb67e176

Comprehensive Test Results

Test case	input	expected output	passed
valid_official_standard	0x4cee90eb86eaa050036147a12d49004b6b9c72bd725d39d4785011fe190f0b4da73bd4903f0ce3b639bbbf6e8e80d16931ff4bcf5993d58468e8fb19086e8cac36dbcd03009df8c59286b162af3bd7fcc0450c9aa81be5d10d312af6c66b1d604aebd3099c618202fcfe16ae7770b0c49ab5eadf74b754204a3bb6060e44eff37618b065f9832de4ca6ca971a7a1adc826d0f7c00181a5fb2ddf79ae00b4e10e	true	✅
valid_self_generated	0xfdd4ed9fb71e5d15aa183c132f9fcb4ccd7658753f96530e0d11094cecca6214b413e5ce3956b71ba754fdc3d957fb35ab7219a4e9b7748375a289c57e6e928917efd6147bc10288eeeb4ba848690183c5112b592ecac0ed00f4babcc7a2c32a1b1092b6f87fd7029cb1f24bae994f5c3a191283508d03402249b2e5bea3d11b7095fbfc1837f1b417eaf11b9d9818047b29eb63a3456774b07d3bfddb67e176	true	✅
valid_self_empty_msg	0xe3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855314256ab42fd2cd0a129be57f04f3351c2d740cfc9d0c77de4fb9579af3ea088128de18d28bc4c61637ad0f3b41da327cd853a78b4392d16a343638b4a03feb01b1092b6f87fd7029cb1f24bae994f5c3a191283508d03402249b2e5bea3d11b7095fbfc1837f1b417eaf11b9d9818047b29eb63a3456774b07d3bfddb67e176	true	✅
valid_wycheproof_vector	0xbb5a52f42f9c9261ed4361f59422a1e30036e7c32b270c8807a419feca6050232ba3a8be6b94d5ec80a6d9d1190a436effe50d85a1eee859b8cc6af9bd5c2e184cd60b855d442f5b3c7b11eb6c4e0ae7525fe710fab9aa7c77a67f79e6fadd762927b10512bae3eddcfe467828128bad2903269919f7086069c8c4df6c732838c7787964eaac00e5921fb1498a60f4606766b3d9685001558d1a974e7341513e	true	✅
invalid_self_tampered_r	0xfdd4ed9fb71e5d15aa183c132f9fcb4ccd7658753f96530e0d11094cecca6214b513e5ce3956b71ba754fdc3d957fb35ab7219a4e9b7748375a289c57e6e928917efd6147bc10288eeeb4ba848690183c5112b592ecac0ed00f4babcc7a2c32a1b1092b6f87fd7029cb1f24bae994f5c3a191283508d03402249b2e5bea3d11b7095fbfc1837f1b417eaf11b9d9818047b29eb63a3456774b07d3bfddb67e176	false	✅
invalid_wycheproof_mod3	0xbb5a52f42f9c9261ed4361f59422a1e30036e7c32b270c8807a419feca605023d45c5740946b2a147f59262ee6f5bc90bd01ed280528b62b3aed5fc93f06f739b329f479a2bbd0a5c384ee1493b1f5186a87139cac5df4087c134b49156847db2927b10512bae3eddcfe467828128bad2903269919f7086069c8c4df6c732838c7787964eaac00e5921fb1498a60f4606766b3d9685001558d1a974e7341513e	false	✅
invalid_wycheproof_mod5	0xbb5a52f42f9c9261ed4361f59422a1e30036e7c32b270c8807a419feca605023d45c5741946b2a137f59262ee6f5bc91001af27a5e1117a64733950642a3d1e8b329f479a2bbd0a5c384ee1493b1f5186a87139cac5df4087c134b49156847db2927b10512bae3eddcfe467828128bad2903269919f7086069c8c4df6c732838c7787964eaac00e5921fb1498a60f4606766b3d9685001558d1a974e7341513e	false	✅
invalid_key_point_at_infinity	0xfdd4ed9fb71e5d15aa183c132f9fcb4ccd7658753f96530e0d11094cecca62148004b073f603153b68eb4515924580d371a4de05d87b2f46cf4c144444658e4a7ae8bb94a1cee23e8c55878f967ef5e83c921af65d3e4234dad2b1c9904c093600000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000	false	✅
invalid_key_not_on_curve	0xfdd4ed9fb71e5d15aa183c132f9fcb4ccd7658753f96530e0d11094cecca62148b368f778666c11d00ab64e592ebebfb5e92fda6a01bd92a360197f62d12b51936a429365da4a2eb4cffd9c9d2aa1ed56699c55cb5ee753c138f4c15e263cecc00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001	false	✅
invalid_scalar_zero_value	0xfdd4ed9fb71e5d15aa183c132f9fcb4ccd7658753f96530e0d11094cecca621400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000007c41abfb63d3035ea0b9e4e00e936e02bc9b1b858b6c6c3d20a1202a88d768761b1092b6f87fd7029cb1f24bae994f5c3a191283508d03402249b2e5bea3d11b7095fbfc1837f1b417eaf11b9d9818047b29eb63a3456774b07d3bfddb67e176	false	✅

Precompile Gas Cost Verification

Confirmed gas usage using cast call --trace with valid inputs.

• Total Gas Used: 28,170
• Intrinsic Gas: 21,000 (Tx Base)
• Execution Gas: 7,170
  Breakdown:
  7,170 (Exec) ≈ 6,900 (P256Verify Precompile) + 270 (Solidity Wrapper Overhead).
  Conclusion:
  The observed cost aligns with the EIP-7951 specification (6900 gas).

[da1suk8]

KIP-276 eth_config API works

Local network setup

• start 1CN-1PN-1EN network using kaiaspray/local-deploy

$ cast rpc --rpc-url http://localhost:8551 kaia_clientVersion
"Klaytn/v2.2.0/darwin-arm64/go1.25.3"

• Node is running on ports localhost:8553 (RPC)

Commands to run tests

# Verify eth_config RPC
$ curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_config","params":[],"id":1}' \
  http://localhost:8553 | jq .

Verification Script

$ cat verify_eth_config.sh
#!/bin/bash
# Configuration
RPC_URL="${1:-http://localhost:8553}"
METHOD="eth_config"
PARAMS='[]'
echo "Verifying $METHOD on $RPC_URL..."
# Execute RPC call
RESPONSE=$(curl -s -X POST \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  --data "{\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\",\"method\":\"$METHOD\",\"params\":$PARAMS,\"id\":1}" \
  "$RPC_URL")
# Check if curl failed or returned empty
if [[ $? -ne 0 || -z "$RESPONSE" ]]; then
  echo "❌ Failed to connect to $RPC_URL or received empty response."
  exit 1
fi
# Link to Verify Content using Python3
echo "$RESPONSE" | python3 -c '
import sys, json
try:
    data = json.load(sys.stdin)
    if not data or "result" not in data:
        raise ValueError("Invalid JSON-RPC response")
    
    current = data["result"].get("current")
    if not current:
        raise ValueError("Missing result.current field")
    # Required fields to verify
    required_fields = ["chainId", "forkId", "precompiles", "systemContracts", "blobSchedule"]
    
    missing = []
    for field in required_fields:
        if field not in current:
            missing.append(field)
    
    if missing:
        raise ValueError("Missing fields in current config: " + str(missing))
    # Additional basic checks
    if not current["precompiles"]:
        print("⚠️ Warning: precompiles is empty")
    
    print("✅ Verification PASSED")
    print("   ChainID: " + str(current.get("chainId")))
    print("   ForkID:  " + str(current.get("forkId")))
    print("   Precompiles count: " + str(len(current.get("precompiles", {}))))
    print("   SystemContracts count: " + str(len(current.get("systemContracts", {}))))
except Exception as e:
    print("❌ Verification FAILED: " + str(e))
    sys.exit(1)
'

Comprehensive Test Results

Test case	Input	Expected Output (Local 1CN setup)	Passed
valid_rpc_call	method: "eth_config"	HTTP 200 & jsonrpc: "2.0"	✅
verify_chain_id	result.current.chainId	0xe7cf6 (949494)	✅
verify_fork_id	result.current.forkId	0x63c3bce1 (Kaia v2.2.0-related)	✅
verify_precompiles	result.current.precompiles	Count: 21 (Includes P256VERIFY)	✅
verify_system_contracts	result.current.systemContracts	Count: 5 (Includes ADDRESS_BOOK etc.)	✅

Execution Output:

$ ./verify_eth_config.sh
Verifying eth_config on http://127.0.0.1:8553...
✅ Verification PASSED
   ChainID: 0xe7cf6
   ForkID:  0x63c3bce1
   Precompiles count: 21
   SystemContracts count: 5

Conclusion

The returned ChainID (0xe7cf6) and ForkID (0x63c3bce1) perfectly match the local network configuration, confirming the API is correctly reading the active chain state.

[Mdaiki0730]

Load test

environments

node structure
4CN-4PN-4EN on GCP

machine specs
CN: c4-standard-16
PN: n4-standard-16
EN: n4-standard-8

4 case of load test while 30 minutes is no fail and no unusual CPU/Mem/Goroutine increase, no crash

	Test Case	Weights	RPS	TPS
001	transferSignedTx	Equal weights	5000	4974
002	erc20TransferTC, erc721TransferTC	Equal weights	2000	1986
003	readBlockNumber, readGetBlockByNumber, readGetAccount, readGetBlockWithConsensusInfoByNumber, readGetStorageAt	60:10:40:10:20	6000	-
004	readCall, readEstimateGas	Equal weights	6000	-
005	internalTxTC	Equal weights	1000	628
006	transferSignedTx, gaslessTransactionTC, gaslessRevertTransactionTC, gaslessOnlyApproveTC	1000:10:20:100	1000	644
007	auctionBidTC, auctionRevertedBidTC	Equal weights	1000	98.2
008	transferSignedTx, newValueTransferTC, newValueTransferMemoTC, newValueTransferLargeMemoTC, newValueTransferSmallMemoTC, newSmartContractDeployTC, newSmartContractExecutionTC, newFeeDelegatedSmartContractDeployTC, newFeeDelegatedSmartContractDeployWithRatioTC, newFeeDelegatedSmartContractExecutionTC, newFeeDelegatedSmartContractExecutionWithRatioTC, cpuHeavyTC, largeMemoTC, newFeeDelegatedValueTransferTC, newFeeDelegatedValueTransferWithRatioTC, newFeeDelegatedValueTransferMemoTC, newFeeDelegatedValueTransferMemoWithRatioTC, mintNFTTC, storageTrieWriteTC, userStorageSetTC, userStorageSetGetTC, transferSignedWithCheckTx, receiptCheckTx, newValueTransferWithCancelTC, newCancelTC, newFeeDelegatedCancelTC, newFeeDelegatedCancelWithRatioTC	Equal weights	500	462