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QASMInfer

QASMInfer is a verified exact inference engine for quantum circuits written in OpenQASM. The core inference algorithm is formalized and proven correct in Rocq, and extracted to OCaml for execution.

Currently, QASMInfer supports OpenQASM 2 and provides partial support for OpenQASM 3.

Prereqs

  • dune (tested with 3.20.x)
  • rocq/coq (tested with Rocq 9.1.0)
  • ocaml

Suggested install via opam:

opam install dune rocq

Layout

theories/
  extract/Extract.v              # extraction driver
  extract/extraction_header.txt  # header prepended to extracted OCaml
  ...                            # QASMInfer theories and implementation
scripts/patch_extraction.sh      # prepends header to generated file
src/lib/
  extracted/                     # extracted QASMInfer
  qasm2/                         # OpenQASM 2 parser/desugar/stringifier
  qasm3/                         # OpenQASM 3 parser/desugar (partial)
src/bin/                         # CLI that parses QASM, runs QASMInfer, prints result

Build and run

The build pipeline ensures that the executable is always generated from the verified Rocq development.

dune build             # builds Rocq theory, extracts to OCaml, builds library + exe
dune exec qasminfer test.qasm

After installing into your opam switch:

dune install           # installs library + executable
qasminfer test.qasm    # run the installed executable

Example output:

00 : 5.0000000000000011e-01   # probability for creg being [00]
01 : 4.9999999999999989e-01   # probability for creg being [01]
10 : 0.0000000000000000e+00   # probability for creg being [10]
11 : 0.0000000000000000e+00   # probability for creg being [11]

JSON output:

dune exec qasminfer -- --json .test.qasm
dune exec qasminfer -- --json --output result.json .test.qasm

Example JSON:

{
  "qubits": 1,
  "clbits": 2,
  "probabilities": [
    {"state": "00", "probability": 5.0000000000000011e-01},
    {"state": "01", "probability": 4.9999999999999989e-01},
    {"state": "10", "probability": 0.0000000000000000e+00},
    {"state": "11", "probability": 0.0000000000000000e+00}
  ]
}

Publication

Exact Inference for Quantum Circuits: A Testing Oracle for Quantum Software Stacks, ASE 2025