btf: Optimize type lookup with binary search

Improve btf_find_by_name_kind() performance by adding binary search
support for sorted types. Falls back to linear search for compatibility.

Cc: Eduard Zingerman <[email protected]>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <[email protected]>
Cc: Andrii Nakryiko <[email protected]>
Cc: Alan Maguire <[email protected]>
Cc: Song Liu <[email protected]>
Cc: Xiaoqin Zhang <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Donglin Peng <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Donglin Peng <[email protected]>

Author: Donglin Peng

kernel/bpf/btf.c

@@ -192,6 +192,8 @@
  */
 #define BTF_MAX_SIZE (16 * 1024 * 1024)
 
+#define BTF_NEED_SORT_CHECK ((u32)-1)
+
 #define for_each_member_from(i, from, struct_type, member)		\
 	for (i = from, member = btf_type_member(struct_type) + from;	\
 	     i < btf_type_vlen(struct_type);				\
@@ -259,6 +261,7 @@ struct btf {
 	void *nohdr_data;
 	struct btf_header hdr;
 	u32 nr_types; /* includes VOID for base BTF */
+	u32 nr_sorted_types; /* exclude VOID for base BTF */
 	u32 types_size;
 	u32 data_size;
 	refcount_t refcnt;
@@ -494,6 +497,11 @@ static bool btf_type_is_modifier(const struct btf_type *t)
 	return false;
 }
 
+static int btf_start_id(const struct btf *btf)
+{
+	return btf->start_id + (btf->base_btf ? 0 : 1);
+}
+
 bool btf_type_is_void(const struct btf_type *t)
 {
 	return t == &btf_void;
@@ -544,24 +552,110 @@ u32 btf_nr_types(const struct btf *btf)
 	return total;
 }
 
+/* Performs binary search within specified type ID range to find the leftmost
+ * BTF type matching the given name. The search assumes types are sorted by
+ * name in lexicographical order within the specified range.
+ *
+ * Return: Type ID of leftmost matching type, or -ENOENT if not found
+ */
+static s32 btf_find_by_name_kind_bsearch(const struct btf *btf, const char *name,
+						s32 start_id, s32 end_id)
+{
+	const struct btf_type *t;
+	const char *tname;
+	s32 l, r, m, lmost = -ENOENT;
+	int ret;
+
+	l = start_id;
+	r = end_id;
+	while (l <= r) {
+		m = l + (r - l) / 2;
+		t = btf_type_by_id(btf, m);
+		tname = btf_name_by_offset(btf, t->name_off);
+		ret = strcmp(tname, name);
+		if (ret < 0) {
+			l = m + 1;
+		} else {
+			if (ret == 0)
+				lmost = m;
+			r = m - 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return lmost;
+}
+
+/* Searches for a BTF type with the specified name and kind. The function
+ * first recursively searches in the base BTF (if present), then searches
+ * in the current BTF using either binary search (if types are sorted)
+ * or linear search.
+ *
+ * Binary search is used when types are name-sorted (nr_sorted_types > 0).
+ * After finding a name match, it scans forward to find the first type
+ * that also matches the specified kind. Linear search is used for unsorted
+ * types, checking each type sequentially.
+ *
+ * Return: Type ID of matching type on success, -ENOENT if not found
+ */
 s32 btf_find_by_name_kind(const struct btf *btf, const char *name, u8 kind)
 {
+	const struct btf *base_btf = btf_base_btf(btf);;
 	const struct btf_type *t;
 	const char *tname;
-	u32 i, total;
+	int err = -ENOENT;
 
-	total = btf_nr_types(btf);
-	for (i = 1; i < total; i++) {
-		t = btf_type_by_id(btf, i);
-		if (BTF_INFO_KIND(t->info) != kind)
-			continue;
+	if (base_btf) {
+		err = btf_find_by_name_kind(base_btf, name, kind);
+		if (err > 0)
+			goto out;
+	}
 
-		tname = btf_name_by_offset(btf, t->name_off);
-		if (!strcmp(tname, name))
-			return i;
+	if (btf->nr_sorted_types != BTF_NEED_SORT_CHECK) {
+		/* binary search */
+		bool skip_first;
+		s32 start_id, end_id;;
+		int ret;
+
+		start_id = btf_start_id(btf);
+		end_id = start_id + btf->nr_sorted_types - 1;
+		ret = btf_find_by_name_kind_bsearch(btf, name, start_id, end_id);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			goto out;
+		skip_first = true;
+		do {
+			t = btf_type_by_id(btf, ret);
+			if (BTF_INFO_KIND(t->info) != kind) {
+				if (skip_first) {
+					skip_first = false;
+					continue;
+				}
+			} else if (skip_first) {
+				return ret;
+			}
+			tname = btf_name_by_offset(btf, t->name_off);
+			if (!strcmp(tname, name))
+				return ret;
+			else
+				break;
+		} while (++ret <= end_id);
+	} else {
+		/* linear search */
+		u32 i, total;
+
+		total = btf_nr_types(btf);
+		for (i = btf_start_id(btf); i < total; i++) {
+			t = btf_type_by_id(btf, i);
+			if (BTF_INFO_KIND(t->info) != kind)
+				continue;
+
+			tname = btf_name_by_offset(btf, t->name_off);
+			if (!strcmp(tname, name))
+				return i;
+		}
 	}
 
-	return -ENOENT;
+out:
+	return err;
 }
 
 s32 bpf_find_btf_id(const char *name, u32 kind, struct btf **btf_p)
@@ -5791,6 +5885,7 @@ static struct btf *btf_parse(const union bpf_attr *attr, bpfptr_t uattr, u32 uat
 		goto errout;
 	}
 	env->btf = btf;
+	btf->nr_sorted_types = BTF_NEED_SORT_CHECK;
 
 	data = kvmalloc(attr->btf_size, GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NOWARN);
 	if (!data) {
@@ -6210,6 +6305,7 @@ static struct btf *btf_parse_base(struct btf_verifier_env *env, const char *name
 	btf->data = data;
 	btf->data_size = data_size;
 	btf->kernel_btf = true;
+	btf->nr_sorted_types = BTF_NEED_SORT_CHECK;
 	snprintf(btf->name, sizeof(btf->name), "%s", name);
 
 	err = btf_parse_hdr(env);
@@ -6327,6 +6423,7 @@ static struct btf *btf_parse_module(const char *module_name, const void *data,
 	btf->start_id = base_btf->nr_types;
 	btf->start_str_off = base_btf->hdr.str_len;
 	btf->kernel_btf = true;
+	btf->nr_sorted_types = BTF_NEED_SORT_CHECK;
 	snprintf(btf->name, sizeof(btf->name), "%s", module_name);
 
 	btf->data = kvmemdup(data, data_size, GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NOWARN);