engineccl: add randomized error injector test for encryptedFS

The encryptedFS can return an error after doing part of the work, as
modifying the encryption metadata and the underlying FS is not atomic.
This makes some operations (rename, link, remove) non-idempotent,
which is harmless for the CockroachDB use cases (since they don't
retry on the same files). The test works around these by retrying in
a way that makes them idempotent. Additionally, the test catches
panics caused by FS errors, in order to test a node that crashes
because of a panic caused by a transient error, and is subsequently
restarted.

Epic: none

Informs: cockroachdb#96670

Release note: None

Author: sumeerbhola

pkg/ccl/storageccl/engineccl/BUILD.bazel

@@ -61,9 +61,12 @@ go_test(
         "//pkg/util/randutil",
         "//pkg/util/timeutil",
         "@com_github_cockroachdb_datadriven//:datadriven",
+        "@com_github_cockroachdb_errors//:errors",
+        "@com_github_cockroachdb_errors//oserror",
         "@com_github_cockroachdb_pebble//:pebble",
         "@com_github_cockroachdb_pebble//vfs",
         "@com_github_cockroachdb_pebble//vfs/atomicfs",
+        "@com_github_cockroachdb_pebble//vfs/errorfs",
         "@com_github_gogo_protobuf//proto",
         "@com_github_kr_pretty//:pretty",
         "@com_github_stretchr_testify//require",