Merge pull request #2712 from k8s-infra-cherrypick-robot/cherry-pick-2710-to-release-0.11

[release-0.11] 🌱Uplift go 1.23.12 to address security issue in release-0.12

Author: k8s-ci-robot

Makefile

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ unexport GOPATH
 TRACE ?= 0
 
 # Go
-GO_VERSION ?= 1.23.10
+GO_VERSION ?= 1.23.12
 
 # Directories.
 ARTIFACTS ?= $(REPO_ROOT)/_artifacts