zh-trans Update kubeadm-certs.md

Author: jiaj12

content/zh/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubeadm/kubeadm-certs.md

@@ -3,11 +3,13 @@ title: 使用 kubeadm 进行证书管理
 content_type: task
 weight: 10
 ---
+
 <!--
 reviewers:
 - sig-cluster-lifecycle
 title: Certificate Management with kubeadm
 content_type: task
+weight: 10
 -->
 
 <!-- overview -->
@@ -30,27 +32,28 @@ You should be familiar with [PKI certificates and requirements in Kubernetes](/d
 <!-- steps -->
 
 <!--
-### Using custom certificates {#custom-certificates}
+## Using custom certificates {#custom-certificates}
 
 By default, kubeadm generates all the certificates needed for a cluster to run.
 You can override this behavior by providing your own certificates.
 -->
-### 使用自定义的证书 {#custom-certificates}
+
+## 使用自定义的证书 {#custom-certificates}
 
 默认情况下, kubeadm 会生成运行一个集群所需的全部证书。
 你可以通过提供你自己的证书来改变这个行为策略。
 
 <!--
 To do so, you must place them in whatever directory is specified by the
-`--cert-dir` flag or `CertificatesDir` configuration file key. By default this
+`--cert-dir` flag or the `CertificatesDir`field of kubeadm's `ClusterConfiguration` . By default this
 is `/etc/kubernetes/pki`.
 -->
-如果要这样做, 你必须将证书文件放置在通过 `--cert-dir` 命令行参数或者配置文件里的
+如果要这样做, 你必须将证书文件放置在通过 `--cert-dir` 命令行参数或者 kubeadm 配置中的
 `CertificatesDir` 配置项指明的目录中。默认的值是 `/etc/kubernetes/pki`。
 
 <!--
 If a given certificate and private key pair exists before running `kubeadm init`,
-kubeadm will not overwrite them. This means you can, for example, copy an existing
+kubeadm does not overwrite them. This means you can, for example, copy an existing
 CA into `/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt` and `/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.key`,
 and kubeadm will use this CA for signing the rest of the certificates.
 -->
@@ -59,41 +62,49 @@ and kubeadm will use this CA for signing the rest of the certificates.
 `/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.key` 中，而 kubeadm 将使用此 CA 对其余证书进行签名。
 
 <!--
-#### External CA mode {#external-ca-mode}
+
+## External CA mode {#external-ca-mode}
 
 It is also possible to provide just the `ca.crt` file and not the
 `ca.key` file (this is only available for the root CA file, not other cert pairs).
 If all other certificates and kubeconfig files are in place, kubeadm recognizes
-this condition and activates the "External CA" mode. kubeadm will proceed without the
-CA key on disk.
+this condition and activates the "External CA" mode. kubeadm will proceed without the CA key on disk.
 -->
-#### 外部 CA 模式 {#external-ca-mode}
 
-只提供了 `ca.crt` 文件但是不提供 `ca.key` 文件也是可以的 (这只对 CA 根证书可用，其它证书不可用)。
+## 外部 CA 模式 {#external-ca-mode}
+
+只提供了 `ca.crt` 文件但是不提供 `ca.key` 文件也是可以的（这只对 CA 根证书可用，其它证书不可用）。
 如果所有的其它证书和 kubeconfig 文件已就绪， kubeadm 检测到满足以上条件就会激活
 "外部 CA" 模式。kubeadm 将会在没有 CA 密钥文件的情况下继续执行。
 
 <!--
 Instead, run the controller-manager standalone with `--controllers=csrsigner` and
 point to the CA certificate and key.
 -->
-否则, kubeadm 将独立运行 controller-manager，附加一个 `--controllers=csrsigner`
-的参数，并且指明 CA 证书和密钥。
+否则, kubeadm 将独立运行 controller-manager，附加一个 `--controllers=csrsigner` 的参数，并且指明 CA 证书和密钥。
+
+<!--
+[PKI certificates and requirements](/docs/setup/best-practices/certificates/) includes guidance on
+setting up a cluster to use an external CA.
+-->
+[PKI证书和要求](/zh/docs/setup/best-practices/certificates/)包括集群使用外部CA的设置指南。
 
 <!-- 
 ## Check certificate expiration 
 
-You can use the `check-expiration` subcommand to check certificate expiration. 
+You can use the `check-expiration` subcommand to check when certificates expire:
 -->
 ## 检查证书是否过期
 
-你可以使用 `check-expiration` 子命令来检查证书是否过期
+你可以使用 `check-expiration` 子命令来检查证书何时过期
 
 ```shell
 kubeadm alpha certs check-expiration
-``` 
+```
 
-<!-- The output is similar to this: -->
+<!-- 
+The output is similar to this: 
+-->
 输出类似于以下内容：
 
 ```
@@ -118,8 +129,9 @@ front-proxy-ca          Dec 28, 2029 23:36 UTC   9y              no
 <!-- 
 The command shows expiration/residual time for the client certificates in the `/etc/kubernetes/pki` folder and for the client certificate embedded in the KUBECONFIG files used by kubeadm (`admin.conf`, `controller-manager.conf` and `scheduler.conf`). 
 -->
-该命令显示 `/etc/kubernetes/pki` 文件夹中的客户端证书以及 kubeadm 使用的 KUBECONFIG
-文件中嵌入的客户端证书的到期时间/剩余时间。
+该命令显示 `/etc/kubernetes/pki` 文件夹中的客户端证书以及 
+kubeadm（`admin.conf`, `controller-manager.conf` 和 `scheduler.conf`）
+使用的 KUBECONFIG 文件中嵌入的客户端证书的到期时间/剩余时间。
 
 <!-- 
 Additionally, kubeadm informs the user if the certificate is externally managed; in this case, the user should take care of managing certificate renewal manually/using other tools. 
@@ -129,9 +141,9 @@ Additionally, kubeadm informs the user if the certificate is externally managed;
 
 <!--
 `kubeadm` cannot manage certificates signed by an external CA.
- -->`
+ -->
 {{< warning >}}
-kubeadm` 不能管理由外部 CA 签名的证书
+`kubeadm` 不能管理由外部 CA 签名的证书
 {{< /warning >}}
 
 <!-- 
@@ -165,6 +177,7 @@ client-key: /var/lib/kubelet/pki/kubelet-client-current.pem
 
 `kubeadm` renews all the certificates during control plane [upgrade](/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubeadm/kubeadm-upgrade-1-15/). 
 -->
+
 ## 自动更新证书
 
 `kubeadm` 会在控制面
@@ -224,24 +237,29 @@ If you are running an HA cluster, this command needs to be executed on all the c
 如果你运行了一个 HA 集群，这个命令需要在所有控制面板节点上执行。
 {{< /warning >}}
 
-<!-- `alpha certs renew` uses the existing certificates as the authoritative source for attributes (Common Name, Organization, SAN, etc.) instead of the kubeadm-config ConfigMap. It is strongly recommended to keep them both in sync. -->
+<!-- 
+` certs renew` uses the existing certificates as the authoritative source for attributes (Common Name, Organization, SAN, etc.) instead of the kubeadm-config ConfigMap. It is strongly recommended to keep them both in sync.
+-->
 {{< note >}}
-`alpha certs renew` 使用现有的证书作为属性 (Common Name、Organization、SAN 等) 的权威来源，
+`certs renew` 使用现有的证书作为属性 (Common Name、Organization、SAN 等) 的权威来源，
 而不是 kubeadm-config ConfigMap 。强烈建议使它们保持同步。
 {{< /note >}}
 
+<!--
+`kubeadm alpha certs renew` provides the following options:
+-->
+`kubeadm certs renew`提供以下选项：
+
 <!--
 The Kubernetes certificates normally reach their expiration date after one year.
 -->
 Kubernetes 证书通常在一年后到期。
 
 <!-- 
-`kubeadm alpha certs renew` provides the following options:
 
 - `--csr-only` can be used to renew certificats with an external CA by generating certificate signing requests (without actually renewing certificates in place); see next paragraph for more information. 
 - It's also possible to renew a single certificate instead of all.
  -->
-`kubeadm alpha certs renew` 提供下列选项 
 
 - `--csr-only` 可用于经过一个外部 CA 生成的证书签名请求来更新证书（无需实际替换更新证书）；
   更多信息请参见下节。
@@ -268,10 +286,11 @@ These are advanced topics for users who need to integrate their organization's c
 ### Set up a signer
 
 The Kubernetes Certificate Authority does not work out of the box.
-You can configure an external signer such as [cert-manager][cert-manager-issuer], or you can use the build-in signer.
-The built-in signer is part of [`kube-controller-manager`][kcm].
-To activate the build-in signer, you pass the `--cluster-signing-cert-file` and `--cluster-signing-key-file` arguments.
+You can configure an external signer such as [cert-manager](https://docs.cert-manager.io/en/latest/tasks/issuers/setup-ca.html), or you can use the build-in signer.
+The built-in signer is part of [`kube-controller-manager`](/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/kube-controller-manager/).
+To activate the build-in signer, you must pass the `--cluster-signing-cert-file` and `--cluster-signing-key-file` flags.
 -->
+
 ### 设置一个签名者（Signer）
 
 Kubernetes 证书颁发机构不是开箱即用。
@@ -281,19 +300,12 @@ Kubernetes 证书颁发机构不是开箱即用。
 内置签名者是
 [`kube-controller-manager`](/zh/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/kube-controller-manager/)
 的一部分。
-要激活内置签名者，请传递`--cluster-signing-cert-file` 和 `--cluster-signing-key-file`参数。
+要激活内置签名者，请传递 `--cluster-signing-cert-file` 和 `--cluster-signing-key-file` 参数。
 
 <!--
-The built-in signer is part of [`kube-controller-manager`][kcm]. 
-To activate the build-in signer, you must pass the `--cluster-signing-cert-file` and `--cluster-signing-key-file` flags.
+If you're creating a new cluster, you can use a kubeadm [configuration file](https://godoc.org/k8s.io/kubernetes/cmd/kubeadm/app/apis/kubeadm/v1beta2): 
 -->
-这个内置签名者是 [`kube-controller-manager`][kcm] 的一部分。
-要激活内置签名者，必须传递 `--cluster-signing-cert-file` 和 `--cluster-signing-key-file` 参数。
-
-<!-- 
-If you're creating a new cluster, you can use a kubeadm [configuration file][config]: 
--->
-如果你正在正在创建一个新的集群，你可以使用 kubeadm 的
+如果你正在创建一个新的集群，你可以使用 kubeadm 的
 [配置文件](https://godoc.org/k8s.io/kubernetes/cmd/kubeadm/app/apis/kubeadm/v1beta2)。
 
 ```yaml
@@ -315,8 +327,8 @@ You can create the certificate signing requests for the Kubernetes certificates
 你可以用 `kubeadm alpha certs renew --use-api` 为 Kubernetes 证书 API 创建一个证书签名请求。
 
 <!--
-If you set up an external signer such as [cert-manager][cert-manager], certificate signing requests (CSRs) are automatically approved.
-Otherwise, you must manually approve certificates with the [`kubectl certificate`][certs] command.
+If you set up an external signer such as [cert-manager](https://github.com/jetstack/cert-manager), certificate signing requests (CSRs) are automatically approved.
+Otherwise, you must manually approve certificates with the [`kubectl certificate`](/docs/setup/best-practices/certificates/)  command.
 The following kubeadm command outputs the name of the certificate to approve, then blocks and waits for approval to occur:
 -->
 如果你设置例如 [cert-manager](https://github.com/jetstack/cert-manager)
@@ -329,7 +341,9 @@ The following kubeadm command outputs the name of the certificate to approve, th
 sudo kubeadm alpha certs renew apiserver --use-api &
 ```
 
-<!-- The output is similar to this: -->
+<!--
+The output is similar to this:
+-->
 输出类似于以下内容：
 ```
 [1] 2890
@@ -341,8 +355,9 @@ sudo kubeadm alpha certs renew apiserver --use-api &
 
 If you set up an external signer, certificate signing requests (CSRs) are automatically approved. 
 
-Otherwise, you must manually approve certificates with the [`kubectl certificate`][certs] command. e.g.
+Otherwise, you must manually approve certificates with the [`kubectl certificate`](/docs/setup/best-practices/certificates/) command. e.g.
 -->
+
 ### 批准证书签名请求 (CSR)
 
 如果你设置了一个外部签名者， 证书签名请求 (CSRs) 会自动被批准。
@@ -355,7 +370,8 @@ kubectl certificate approve kubeadm-cert-kube-apiserver-ld526
 ```
 
 <!-- 
-The output is similar to this: -->
+The output is similar to this:
+-->
 输出类似于以下内容：
 
 ```
@@ -400,13 +416,13 @@ If `--csr-dir` is not specified, the default certificate directory (`/etc/kubern
 
 CSR 和随附的私钥都在输出中给出。
 你可以传入一个带有 `--csr-dir` 的目录，将 CRS 输出到指定位置。
-如果未指定 `--csr-dir` ，则使用默认证书目录( `/etc/kubernetes/pki` )。
+如果未指定 `--csr-dir` ，则使用默认证书目录（`/etc/kubernetes/pki`）。
 
 <!--
-Certificates can be renewed with `kubeadm alpha certs renew --csr-only`.
+Certificates can be renewed with `kubeadm certs renew --csr-only`.
 As with `kubeadm init`, an output directory can be specified with the `--csr-dir` flag.
 -->
-证书可以通过 `kubeadm alpha certs renew --csr-only` 来续订。
+证书可以通过 `kubeadm certs renew --csr-only` 来续订。
 和 `kubeadm init` 一样，可以使用 `--csr-dir` 标志指定一个输出目录。
 
 CSR 签署证书后，必须将证书和私钥复制到 PKI 目录（默认情况下为 `/etc/kubernetes/pki`）。
@@ -420,8 +436,10 @@ CSR 中包含一个证书的名字，域和 IP，但是未指定用法。
 颁发证书时，CA 有责任指定[正确的证书用法](/zh/docs/setup/best-practices/certificates/#all-certificates)
 
 <!-- 
-* In `openssl` this is done with the [`openssl ca` command][openssl-ca].
-* In `cfssl` you specify [usages in the config file][cfssl-usages] 
+* In `openssl` this is done with the
+  [`openssl ca` command](https://superuser.com/questions/738612/openssl-ca-keyusage-extension).
+* In `cfssl` you specify
+  [usages in the config file](https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/blob/master/doc/cmd/cfssl.txt#L170).
 -->
 * 在 `openssl` 中，这是通过
   [`openssl ca` 命令](https://superuser.com/questions/738612/openssl-ca-keyusage-extension)
@@ -447,5 +465,4 @@ For more information about manual rotation or replacement of CA, see [manual rot
 kubeadm 并不直接支持对 CA 证书的轮换或者替换。
 
 关于手动轮换或者置换 CA 的更多信息，可参阅
-[手动轮换 CA 证书](/zh/docs/tasks/tls/manual-rotation-of-ca-certificates/)。
-
+[手动轮换 CA 证书](/zh/docs/tasks/tls/manual-rotation-of-ca-certificates/)。