Merge pull request #43327 from tengqm/zh-sync-workloads

[zh] Resync workloads concepts page

Author: k8s-ci-robot

content/zh-cn/docs/concepts/workloads/_index.md

@@ -1,15 +1,22 @@
 ---
 title: "工作负载"
 weight: 55
-description: 理解 Pods，Kubernetes 中可部署的最小计算对象，以及辅助它运行它们的高层抽象对象。
+description: 理解 Kubernetes 中可部署的最小计算对象 Pod 以及辅助 Pod 运行的上层抽象。
+card:
+  title: 工作负载与 Pod
+  name: concepts
+  weight: 60
 ---
-
 <!--
 title: "Workloads"
 weight: 55
 description: >
   Understand Pods, the smallest deployable compute object in Kubernetes, and the higher-level abstractions that help you to run them.
 no_list: true
+card:
+  title: Workloads and Pods
+  name: concepts
+  weight: 60
 -->
 
 {{< glossary_definition term_id="workload" length="short" >}}
@@ -19,29 +26,24 @@ Whether your workload is a single component or several that work together, on Ku
 it inside a set of [_pods_](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods).
 In Kubernetes, a Pod represents a set of running
 {{< glossary_tooltip text="containers" term_id="container" >}} on your cluster.
-
-A Pod has a defined lifecycle. For example, once a Pod is running in your cluster then
-a critical failure on the {{< glossary_tooltip text="node" term_id="node" >}} where that
-Pod is running means that all the Pods on that node fail. Kubernetes treats that level
-of failure as final: you would need to create a new Pod even if the node later recovers.
 -->
 在 Kubernetes 中，无论你的负载是由单个组件还是由多个一同工作的组件构成，
 你都可以在一组 [**Pod**](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/workloads/pods) 中运行它。
 在 Kubernetes 中，Pod 代表的是集群上处于运行状态的一组
-{{< glossary_tooltip text="容器" term_id="container" >}} 的集合。
+{{< glossary_tooltip text="容器" term_id="container" >}}的集合。
 
 <!--
 Kubernetes pods have a [defined lifecycle](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-lifecycle/).
 For example, once a pod is running in your cluster then a critical fault on the
 {{< glossary_tooltip text="node" term_id="node" >}} where that pod is running means that
 all the pods on that node fail. Kubernetes treats that level of failure as final: you
-would need to create a new `Pod` to recover, even if the node later becomes healthy.
+would need to create a new Pod to recover, even if the node later becomes healthy.
 -->
 Kubernetes Pod 遵循[预定义的生命周期](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-lifecycle/)。
 例如，当在你的集群中运行了某个 Pod，但是 Pod 所在的
 {{< glossary_tooltip text="节点" term_id="node" >}} 出现致命错误时，
 所有该节点上的 Pod 的状态都会变成失败。Kubernetes 将这类失败视为最终状态：
-即使该节点后来恢复正常运行，你也需要创建新的 `Pod` 以恢复应用。
+即使该节点后来恢复正常运行，你也需要创建新的 Pod 以恢复应用。
 
 <!--
 However, to make life considerably easier, you don't need to manage each `Pod` directly.
@@ -60,65 +62,71 @@ Kubernetes provides several built-in workload resources:
 Kubernetes 提供若干种内置的工作负载资源：
 
 <!--
-* [`Deployment`](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/) and [`ReplicaSet`](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/replicaset/)
+* [Deployment](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/) and [`ReplicaSet`](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/replicaset/)
   (replacing the legacy resource
   {{< glossary_tooltip text="ReplicationController" term_id="replication-controller" >}}).
-  `Deployment` is a good fit for managing a stateless application workload on your cluster,
-  where any `Pod` in the `Deployment` is interchangeable and can be replaced if needed.
-* [`StatefulSet`](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/statefulset/) lets you
+  Deployment is a good fit for managing a stateless application workload on your cluster,
+  where any Pod in the Deployment is interchangeable and can be replaced if needed.
+* [StatefulSet](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/statefulset/) lets you
   run one or more related Pods that do track state somehow. For example, if your workload
-  records data persistently, you can run a `StatefulSet` that matches each `Pod` with a
-  [`PersistentVolume`](/docs/concepts/storage/persistent-volumes/). Your code, running in the
-  `Pods` for that `StatefulSet`, can replicate data to other `Pods` in the same `StatefulSet`
+  records data persistently, you can run a StatefulSet that matches each Pod with a
+  [PersistentVolume](/docs/concepts/storage/persistent-volumes/). Your code, running in the
+  Pods for that StatefulSet, can replicate data to other Pods in the same StatefulSet
   to improve overall resilience.
 -->
-* [`Deployment`](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/) 和
-  [`ReplicaSet`](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/replicaset/)
+* [Deployment](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/) 和
+  [ReplicaSet](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/replicaset/)
   （替换原来的资源 {{< glossary_tooltip text="ReplicationController" term_id="replication-controller" >}}）。
-  `Deployment` 很适合用来管理你的集群上的无状态应用，`Deployment` 中的所有
-  `Pod` 都是相互等价的，并且在需要的时候被替换。
+  Deployment 很适合用来管理你的集群上的无状态应用，Deployment 中的所有
+  Pod 都是相互等价的，并且在需要的时候被替换。
 * [StatefulSet](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/statefulset/)
   让你能够运行一个或者多个以某种方式跟踪应用状态的 Pod。
-  例如，如果你的负载会将数据作持久存储，你可以运行一个 `StatefulSet`，将每个
-  `Pod` 与某个 [`PersistentVolume`](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/storage/persistent-volumes/)
-  对应起来。你在 `StatefulSet` 中各个 `Pod` 内运行的代码可以将数据复制到同一
-  `StatefulSet` 中的其它 `Pod` 中以提高整体的服务可靠性。
+  例如，如果你的负载会将数据作持久存储，你可以运行一个 StatefulSet，将每个
+  Pod 与某个 [PersistentVolume](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/storage/persistent-volumes/)
+  对应起来。你在 StatefulSet 中各个 Pod 内运行的代码可以将数据复制到同一
+  StatefulSet 中的其它 Pod 中以提高整体的服务可靠性。
 <!--
-* [`DaemonSet`](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/daemonset/) defines `Pods` that provide
+* [DaemonSet](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/daemonset/) defines Pods that provide
   node-local facilities. These might be fundamental to the operation of your cluster, such
   as a networking helper tool, or be part of an
   {{< glossary_tooltip text="add-on" term_id="addons" >}}.
-  Every time you add a node to your cluster that matches the specification in a `DaemonSet`,
-  the control plane schedules a `Pod` for that `DaemonSet` onto the new node.
-* [`Job`](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/job/) and
-  [`CronJob`](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/cron-jobs/)
-  define tasks that run to completion and then stop. Jobs represent one-off tasks, whereas
-  `CronJobs` recur according to a schedule.
+  Every time you add a node to your cluster that matches the specification in a DaemonSet,
+  the control plane schedules a Pod for that DaemonSet onto the new node.
+* [Job](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/job/) and
+  [CronJob](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/cron-jobs/)
+  define tasks that run to completion and then stop.
+  You can use a [Job](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/job/) to
+  define a task that runs to completion, just once. You can use a
+  [CronJob](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/cron-jobs/) to run
+  the same Job multiple times according a schedule.
 -->
 * [DaemonSet](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/daemonset/)
-  定义提供节点本地支撑设施的 `Pod`。这些 Pod 可能对于你的集群的运维是
+  定义提供节点本地支撑设施的 Pod。这些 Pod 可能对于你的集群的运维是
   非常重要的，例如作为网络链接的辅助工具或者作为网络
   {{< glossary_tooltip text="插件" term_id="addons" >}}
   的一部分等等。每次你向集群中添加一个新节点时，如果该节点与某 `DaemonSet`
-  的规约匹配，则控制平面会为该 `DaemonSet` 调度一个 `Pod` 到该新节点上运行。
+  的规约匹配，则控制平面会为该 DaemonSet 调度一个 Pod 到该新节点上运行。
 * [Job](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/job/) 和
   [CronJob](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/cron-jobs/)。
-  定义一些一直运行到结束并停止的任务。`Job` 用来执行一次性任务，而
-  `CronJob` 用来执行的根据时间规划反复运行的任务。
+  定义一些一直运行到结束并停止的任务。
+  你可以使用 [Job](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/job/)
+  来定义只需要执行一次并且执行后即视为完成的任务。你可以使用
+  [CronJob](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/cron-jobs/)
+  来根据某个排期表来多次运行同一个 Job。
 
 <!--
 In the wider Kubernetes ecosystem, you can find third-party workload resources that provide
 additional behaviors. Using a
 [custom resource definition](/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/api-extension/custom-resources/),
 you can add in a third-party workload resource if you want a specific behavior that's not part
-of Kubernetes' core. For example, if you wanted to run a group of `Pods` for your application but
+of Kubernetes' core. For example, if you wanted to run a group of Pods for your application but
 stop work unless _all_ the Pods are available (perhaps for some high-throughput distributed task),
 then you can implement or install an extension that does provide that feature.
 -->
 在庞大的 Kubernetes 生态系统中，你还可以找到一些提供额外操作的第三方工作负载相关的资源。
 通过使用[定制资源定义（CRD）](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/api-extension/custom-resources/)，
 你可以添加第三方工作负载资源，以完成原本不是 Kubernetes 核心功能的工作。
-例如，如果你希望运行一组 `Pod`，但要求**所有** Pod 都可用时才执行操作
+例如，如果你希望运行一组 Pod，但要求**所有** Pod 都可用时才执行操作
 （比如针对某种高吞吐量的分布式任务），你可以基于定制资源实现一个能够满足这一需求的扩展，
 并将其安装到集群中运行。
 
@@ -127,23 +135,23 @@ then you can implement or install an extension that does provide that feature.
 <!--
 As well as reading about each resource, you can learn about specific tasks that relate to them:
 
-* [Run a stateless application using a `Deployment`](/docs/tasks/run-application/run-stateless-application-deployment/)
+* [Run a stateless application using a Deployment](/docs/tasks/run-application/run-stateless-application-deployment/)
 * Run a stateful application either as a [single instance](/docs/tasks/run-application/run-single-instance-stateful-application/)
   or as a [replicated set](/docs/tasks/run-application/run-replicated-stateful-application/)
-* [Run automated tasks with a `CronJob`](/docs/tasks/job/automated-tasks-with-cron-jobs/)
+* [Run automated tasks with a CronJob](/docs/tasks/job/automated-tasks-with-cron-jobs/)
 -->
 除了阅读了解每类资源外，你还可以了解与这些资源相关的任务：
 
-* [使用 `Deployment` 运行一个无状态的应用](/zh-cn/docs/tasks/run-application/run-stateless-application-deployment/)
+* [使用 Deployment 运行一个无状态的应用](/zh-cn/docs/tasks/run-application/run-stateless-application-deployment/)
 * 以[单实例](/zh-cn/docs/tasks/run-application/run-single-instance-stateful-application/)或者[多副本集合](/zh-cn/docs/tasks/run-application/run-replicated-stateful-application/)
   的形式运行有状态的应用；
-* [使用 `CronJob` 运行自动化的任务](/zh-cn/docs/tasks/job/automated-tasks-with-cron-jobs/)
+* [使用 CronJob 运行自动化的任务](/zh-cn/docs/tasks/job/automated-tasks-with-cron-jobs/)
 
 <!--
 To learn about Kubernetes' mechanisms for separating code from configuration,
 visit [Configuration](/docs/concepts/configuration/).
 -->
-要了解 Kubernetes 将代码与配置分离的实现机制，可参阅[配置部分](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/configuration/)。
+要了解 Kubernetes 将代码与配置分离的实现机制，可参阅[配置](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/configuration/)节。
 
 <!--
 There are two supporting concepts that provide backgrounds about how Kubernetes manages pods
@@ -162,10 +170,10 @@ for applications:
 
 <!--
 Once your application is running, you might want to make it available on the internet as
-a [`Service`](/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/) or, for web application only,
-using an [`Ingress`](/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress).
+a [Service](/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/) or, for web application only,
+using an [Ingress](/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress).
 -->
 一旦你的应用处于运行状态，你就可能想要以
-[`Service`](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/)
+[Service](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/)
 的形式使之可在互联网上访问；或者对于 Web 应用而言，使用
-[`Ingress`](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress) 资源将其暴露到互联网上。
+[Ingress](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress) 资源将其暴露到互联网上。