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To work with Kubernetes, you use *Kubernetes API objects* to describe your cluster's *desired state*: what applications or other workloads you want to run, what container images they use, the number of replicas, what network and disk resources you want to make available, and more. You set your desired state by creating objects using the Kubernetes API, typically via the command-line interface, `kubectl`. You can also use the Kubernetes API directly to interact with the cluster and set or modify your desired state.
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要使用 Kubernetes，你需要用 *Kubernetes API 对象* 来描述集群的 *预期状态（desired state）* ：包括你需要运行的应用或者负载，它们使用的镜像、副本数，以及所需网络和磁盘资源等等。你可以使用命令行工具 `kubectl` 来调用 Kubernetes API 创建对象，通过所创建的这些对象来配置预期状态。你也可以直接调用 Kubernetes API 和集群进行交互，设置或者修改预期状态。
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Once you've set your desired state, the *Kubernetes Control Plane* makes the cluster's current state match the desired state via the Pod Lifecycle Event Generator ([PLEG](https://github.com/kubernetes/community/blob/master/contributors/design-proposals/node/pod-lifecycle-event-generator.md)). To do so, Kubernetes performs a variety of tasks automatically--such as starting or restarting containers, scaling the number of replicas of a given application, and more. The Kubernetes Control Plane consists of a collection of processes running on your cluster:
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一旦你设置了你所需的目标状态，*Kubernetes 控制面（control plane）* 会通过 Pod 生命周期事件生成器([PLEG](https://github.com/kubernetes/community/blob/master/contributors/design-proposals/node/pod-lifecycle-event-generator.md))，促成集群的当前状态符合其预期状态。为此，Kubernetes 会自动执行各类任务，比如运行或者重启容器、调整给定应用的副本数等等。Kubernetes 控制面由一组运行在集群上的进程组成：
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* The **Kubernetes Master** is a collection of three processes that run on a single node in your cluster, which is designated as the master node. Those processes are: [kube-apiserver](/docs/admin/kube-apiserver/), [kube-controller-manager](/docs/admin/kube-controller-manager/) and [kube-scheduler](/docs/admin/kube-scheduler/).
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* Each individual non-master node in your cluster runs two processes:
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* **[kubelet](/docs/admin/kubelet/)**, which communicates with the Kubernetes Master.
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* **[kube-proxy](/docs/admin/kube-proxy/)**, a network proxy which reflects Kubernetes networking services on each node.
Kubernetes contains a number of abstractions that represent the state of your system: deployed containerized applications and workloads, their associated network and disk resources, and other information about what your cluster is doing. These abstractions are represented by objects in the Kubernetes API. See [Understanding Kubernetes Objects](/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/kubernetes-objects/) for more details.
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Kubernetes 包含若干用来表示系统状态的抽象层，包括：已部署的容器化应用和负载、与它们相关的网络和磁盘资源以及有关集群正在运行的其他操作的信息。这些抽象使用 Kubernetes API 对象来表示。有关更多详细信息，请参阅[了解 Kubernetes 对象](/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/kubernetes-objects/)。
Kubernetes also contains higher-level abstractions that rely on [Controllers](/docs/concepts/architecture/controller/) to build upon the basic objects, and provide additional functionality and convenience features. These include:
The various parts of the Kubernetes Control Plane, such as the Kubernetes Master and kubelet processes, govern how Kubernetes communicates with your cluster. The Control Plane maintains a record of all of the Kubernetes Objects in the system, and runs continuous control loops to manage those objects' state. At any given time, the Control Plane's control loops will respond to changes in the cluster and work to make the actual state of all the objects in the system match the desired state that you provided.
For example, when you use the Kubernetes API to create a Deployment, you provide a new desired state for the system. The Kubernetes Control Plane records that object creation, and carries out your instructions by starting the required applications and scheduling them to cluster nodes--thus making the cluster's actual state match the desired state.
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比如， 当你通过 Kubernetes API 创建一个 Deployment 对象，你就为系统增加了一个新的目标状态。Kubernetes 控制平面记录着对象的创建，并启动必要的应用然后将它们调度至集群某个节点上来执行你的指令，以此来保持集群的实际状态和目标状态的匹配。
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### Kubernetes Master 节点
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The Kubernetes master is responsible for maintaining the desired state for your cluster. When you interact with Kubernetes, such as by using the `kubectl` command-line interface, you're communicating with your cluster's Kubernetes master.
> The "master" refers to a collection of processes managing the cluster state. Typically all these processes run on a single node in the cluster, and this node is also referred to as the master. The master can also be replicated for availability and redundancy.
The nodes in a cluster are the machines (VMs, physical servers, etc) that run your applications and cloud workflows. The Kubernetes master controls each node; you'll rarely interact with nodes directly.
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title: Managing Resources for Containers
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content_type: concept
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feature:
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title: Automatic binpacking
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description: >
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Automatically places containers based on their resource requirements and other constraints, while not sacrificing availability. Mix critical and best-effort workloads in order to drive up utilization and save even more resources.
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