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Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: content/en/docs/reference/issues-security/security.md
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<!-- overview -->
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This page describes Kubernetes security and disclosure information.
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<!-- body -->
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## Security Announcements
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Join the [kubernetes-security-announce](https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/kubernetes-security-announce) group for emails about security and major API announcements.
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Join the [kubernetes-security-announce](https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/kubernetes-security-announce)
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group for emails about security and major API announcements.
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## Report a Vulnerability
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We're extremely grateful for security researchers and users that report vulnerabilities to the Kubernetes Open Source Community. All reports are thoroughly investigated by a set of community volunteers.
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We're extremely grateful for security researchers and users that report vulnerabilities to
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the Kubernetes Open Source Community. All reports are thoroughly investigated by a set of community volunteers.
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To make a report, submit your vulnerability to the [Kubernetes bug bounty program](https://hackerone.com/kubernetes). This allows triage and handling of the vulnerability with standardized response times.
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To make a report, submit your vulnerability to the [Kubernetes bug bounty program](https://hackerone.com/kubernetes).
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This allows triage and handling of the vulnerability with standardized response times.
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You can also email the private [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected]) list with the security details and the details expected for [all Kubernetes bug reports](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug-report.yaml).
You may encrypt your email to this list using the GPG keys of the [Security Response Committee members](https://git.k8s.io/security/README.md#product-security-committee-psc). Encryption using GPG is NOT required to make a disclosure.
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You may encrypt your email to this list using the GPG keys of the
Encryption using GPG is NOT required to make a disclosure.
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### When Should I Report a Vulnerability?
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- You think you discovered a vulnerability in another project that Kubernetes depends on
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- For projects with their own vulnerability reporting and disclosure process, please report it directly there
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### When Should I NOT Report a Vulnerability?
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- You need help tuning Kubernetes components for security
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## Security Vulnerability Response
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Each report is acknowledged and analyzed by Security Response Committee members within 3 working days. This will set off the [Security Release Process](https://git.k8s.io/security/security-release-process.md#disclosures).
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Each report is acknowledged and analyzed by Security Response Committee members within 3 working days.
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This will set off the [Security Release Process](https://git.k8s.io/security/security-release-process.md#disclosures).
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Any vulnerability information shared with Security Response Committee stays within Kubernetes project and will not be disseminated to other projects unless it is necessary to get the issue fixed.
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Any vulnerability information shared with Security Response Committee stays within Kubernetes project
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and will not be disseminated to other projects unless it is necessary to get the issue fixed.
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As the security issue moves from triage, to identified fix, to release planning we will keep the reporter updated.
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## Public Disclosure Timing
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A public disclosure date is negotiated by the Kubernetes Security Response Committee and the bug submitter. We prefer to fully disclose the bug as soon as possible once a user mitigation is available. It is reasonable to delay disclosure when the bug or the fix is not yet fully understood, the solution is not well-tested, or for vendor coordination. The timeframe for disclosure is from immediate (especially if it's already publicly known) to a few weeks. For a vulnerability with a straightforward mitigation, we expect report date to disclosure date to be on the order of 7 days. The Kubernetes Security Response Committee holds the final say when setting a disclosure date.
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A public disclosure date is negotiated by the Kubernetes Security Response Committee and the bug submitter.
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We prefer to fully disclose the bug as soon as possible once a user mitigation is available. It is reasonable
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to delay disclosure when the bug or the fix is not yet fully understood, the solution is not well-tested,
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or for vendor coordination. The timeframe for disclosure is from immediate (especially if it's already publicly known)
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to a few weeks. For a vulnerability with a straightforward mitigation, we expect report date to disclosure date
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to be on the order of 7 days. The Kubernetes Security Response Committee holds the final say when setting a disclosure date.
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For installation instructions, see [Installing kubectl](/docs/tasks/tools/#kubectl);
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for a quick guide, see the [cheat sheet](/docs/reference/kubectl/cheatsheet/).
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If you're used to using the `docker` command-line tool, [`kubectl` for Docker Users](/docs/reference/kubectl/docker-cli-to-kubectl/) explains some equivalent commands for Kubernetes.
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If you're used to using the `docker` command-line tool,
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[`kubectl` for Docker Users](/docs/reference/kubectl/docker-cli-to-kubectl/) explains some equivalent commands for Kubernetes.
*`command`: Specifies the operation that you want to perform on one or more resources,
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for example `create`, `get`, `describe`, `delete`.
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*`command`: Specifies the operation that you want to perform on one or more resources,
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for example `create`, `get`, `describe`, `delete`.
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*`TYPE`: Specifies the [resource type](#resource-types). Resource types are case-insensitive and
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you can specify the singular, plural, or abbreviated forms.
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For example, the following commands produce the same output:
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```shell
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kubectl get pod pod1
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kubectl get pods pod1
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kubectl get po pod1
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```
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```shell
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kubectl get pod pod1
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kubectl get pods pod1
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kubectl get po pod1
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```
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*`NAME`: Specifies the name of the resource. Names are case-sensitive. If the name is omitted, details for all resources are displayed, for example `kubectl get pods`.
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*`NAME`: Specifies the name of the resource. Names are case-sensitive. If the name is omitted,
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details for all resources are displayed, for example `kubectl get pods`.
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When performing an operation on multiple resources, you can specify each resource by type and name or specify one or more files:
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When performing an operation on multiple resources, you can specify each resource by
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type and name or specify one or more files:
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* To specify resources by type and name:
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* To specify resources by type and name:
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* To group resources if they are all the same type: `TYPE1 name1 name2 name<#>`.<br/>
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* To group resources if they are all the same type: `TYPE1 name1 name2 name<#>`.<br/>
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Example: `kubectl get pod example-pod1 example-pod2`
Example: `kubectl get pod/example-pod1 replicationcontroller/example-rc1`
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* To specify resources with one or more files: `-f file1 -f file2 -f file<#>`
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* To specify resources with one or more files: `-f file1 -f file2 -f file<#>`
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*[Use YAML rather than JSON](/docs/concepts/configuration/overview/#general-configuration-tips) since YAML tends to be more user-friendly, especially for configuration files.<br/>
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Example: `kubectl get -f ./pod.yaml`
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*[Use YAML rather than JSON](/docs/concepts/configuration/overview/#general-configuration-tips)
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since YAML tends to be more user-friendly, especially for configuration files.<br/>
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Example: `kubectl get -f ./pod.yaml`
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*`flags`: Specifies optional flags. For example, you can use the `-s` or `--server` flags to specify the address and port of the Kubernetes API server.<br/>
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*`flags`: Specifies optional flags. For example, you can use the `-s` or `--server` flags
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to specify the address and port of the Kubernetes API server.<br/>
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{{< caution >}}
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Flags that you specify from the command line override default values and any corresponding environment variables.
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## In-cluster authentication and namespace overrides
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By default `kubectl` will first determine if it is running within a pod, and thus in a cluster. It starts by checking for the `KUBERNETES_SERVICE_HOST` and `KUBERNETES_SERVICE_PORT` environment variables and the existence of a service account token file at `/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token`. If all three are found in-cluster authentication is assumed.
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By default `kubectl` will first determine if it is running within a pod, and thus in a cluster.
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It starts by checking for the `KUBERNETES_SERVICE_HOST` and `KUBERNETES_SERVICE_PORT` environment
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variables and the existence of a service account token file at `/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token`.
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If all three are found in-cluster authentication is assumed.
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To maintain backwards compatibility, if the `POD_NAMESPACE` environment variable is set during in-cluster authentication it will override the default namespace from the service account token. Any manifests or tools relying on namespace defaulting will be affected by this.
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To maintain backwards compatibility, if the `POD_NAMESPACE` environment variable is set
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during in-cluster authentication it will override the default namespace from the
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service account token. Any manifests or tools relying on namespace defaulting will be affected by this.
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**`POD_NAMESPACE` environment variable**
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If the `POD_NAMESPACE` environment variable is set, cli operations on namespaced resources will default to the variable value. For example, if the variable is set to `seattle`, `kubectl get pods` would return pods in the `seattle` namespace. This is because pods are a namespaced resource, and no namespace was provided in the command. Review the output of `kubectl api-resources` to determine if a resource is namespaced.
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If the `POD_NAMESPACE` environment variable is set, cli operations on namespaced resources
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will default to the variable value. For example, if the variable is set to `seattle`,
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`kubectl get pods` would return pods in the `seattle` namespace. This is because pods are
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a namespaced resource, and no namespace was provided in the command. Review the output
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of `kubectl api-resources` to determine if a resource is namespaced.
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Explicit use of `--namespace <value>` overrides this behavior.
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Explicit use of `--namespace <value>` overrides this behavior.
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**How kubectl handles ServiceAccount tokens**
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If:
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* there is Kubernetes service account token file mounted at
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`/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token`, and
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* the `KUBERNETES_SERVICE_HOST` environment variable is set, and
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## Output options
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Use the following sections for information about how you can format or sort the output of certain commands. For details about which commands support the various output options, see the [kubectl](/docs/reference/kubectl/kubectl/) reference documentation.
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Use the following sections for information about how you can format or sort the output
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of certain commands. For details about which commands support the various output options,
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see the [kubectl](/docs/reference/kubectl/kubectl/) reference documentation.
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### Formatting output
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The default output format for all `kubectl` commands is the human readable plain-text format. To output details to your terminal window in a specific format, you can add either the `-o` or `--output` flags to a supported `kubectl` command.
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The default output format for all `kubectl` commands is the human readable plain-text format.
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To output details to your terminal window in a specific format, you can add either the `-o`
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or `--output` flags to a supported `kubectl` command.
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#### Syntax
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### Sorting list objects
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To output objects to a sorted list in your terminal window, you can add the `--sort-by` flag to a supported `kubectl` command. Sort your objects by specifying any numeric or string field with the `--sort-by` flag. To specify a field, use a [jsonpath](/docs/reference/kubectl/jsonpath/) expression.
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To output objects to a sorted list in your terminal window, you can add the `--sort-by` flag
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to a supported `kubectl` command. Sort your objects by specifying any numeric or string field
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with the `--sort-by` flag. To specify a field, use a [jsonpath](/docs/reference/kubectl/jsonpath/) expression.
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#### Syntax
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`kubectl plugin list` also warns you about plugins that are not
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executable, or that are shadowed by other plugins; for example:
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