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A stacked HA cluster is a [topology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_topology) where the distributeddata storage cluster provided by etcd is stacked on top of the cluster formed by the nodes managed by kubeadm that run control plane components.
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堆叠(Stacked) HA 集群是一种这样的[拓扑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_topology),其中 etcd 分布式数据存储集群堆叠在 kubeadm 管理的控制平面节点上,作为控制平面的一个组件运行。
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堆叠(Stacked) HA 集群是一种这样的[拓扑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_topology),
This topology couples the control planes and etcd members on the same nodes. It is simpler to set up than a cluster with external etcd nodes, and simpler to manage for replication.
However, a stacked cluster runs the risk of failed coupling. If one node goes down, both an etcd member and a controlplane instance are lost, and redundancy is compromised. You can mitigate this risk by adding more control plane nodes.
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An HA cluster with external etcd is a [topology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_topology) where the distributed data storage cluster provided by etcd is external to the cluster formed by the nodes that run control plane components.
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具有外部 etcd 的 HA 集群是一种这样的[拓扑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_topology),其中 etcd 分布式数据存储集群在独立于控制平面节点的其他节点上运行。
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具有外部 etcd 的 HA 集群是一种这样的[拓扑](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_topology),
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其中 etcd 分布式数据存储集群在独立于控制平面节点的其他节点上运行。
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Like the stacked etcd topology, each control plane node in an external etcd topology runs an instance of the `kube-apiserver`, `kube-scheduler`, and `kube-controller-manager`. And the `kube-apiserver` is exposed to worker nodes using a load balancer. However, etcd members run on separate hosts, and each etcd host communicates with the `kube-apiserver` of each control plane node.
This topology decouples the control plane and etcd member. It therefore provides an HA setup wherelosing a control plane instance or an etcd member has less impact and does not affectthe cluster redundancy as much as the stacked HA topology.
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这种拓扑结构解耦了控制平面和 etcd 成员。因此,它提供了一种 HA 设置,其中失去控制平面实例或者 etcd 成员的影响较小,并且不会像堆叠的 HA 拓扑那样影响集群冗余。
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这种拓扑结构解耦了控制平面和 etcd 成员。因此,它提供了一种 HA 设置,
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其中失去控制平面实例或者 etcd 成员的影响较小,并且不会像堆叠的 HA 拓扑那样影响集群冗余。
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However, this topology requires twice the number of hosts as the stacked HA topology.
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