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[zh] sync /controllers/cron-jobs.md
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@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ title: CronJob
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content_type: concept
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weight: 80
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---
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<!--
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reviewers:
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- erictune
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<!--
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A _CronJob_ creates {{< glossary_tooltip term_id="job" text="Jobs" >}} on a repeating schedule.
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CronJob is meant for performing regular scheduled actions such as backups, report generation,
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and so on. One CronJob object is like one line of a _crontab_ (cron table) file on a
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Unix system. It runs a job periodically on a given schedule, written in
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CronJob is meant for performing regular scheduled actions such as backups, report generation,
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and so on. One CronJob object is like one line of a _crontab_ (cron table) file on a
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Unix system. It runs a job periodically on a given schedule, written in
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[Cron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cron) format.
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-->
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**CronJob** 创建基于时隔重复调度的 {{< glossary_tooltip term_id="job" text="Job" >}}。
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除了标准语法，还可以使用一些类似 `@monthly` 的宏：
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<!--
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| Entry | Description | Equivalent to |
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| ------------- | ------------- |------------- |
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| @yearly (or @annually) | Run once a year at midnight of 1 January | 0 0 1 1 * |
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| @monthly | Run once a month at midnight of the first day of the month | 0 0 1 * * |
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| @weekly | Run once a week at midnight on Sunday morning | 0 0 * * 0 |
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| @daily (or @midnight) | Run once a day at midnight | 0 0 * * * |
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| @hourly | Run once an hour at the beginning of the hour | 0 * * * * |
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-->
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| 输入 | 描述 | 相当于 |
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| ------------- | ------------- |------------- |
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| @yearly (或 @annually) | 每年 1 月 1 日的午夜运行一次 | 0 0 1 1 * |
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| @monthly | 每月第一天的午夜运行一次 | 0 0 1 * * |
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| @weekly | 每周的周日午夜运行一次 | 0 0 * * 0 |
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| @daily (或 @midnight) | 每天午夜运行一次 | 0 0 * * * |
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| @hourly | 每小时的开始一次 | 0 * * * * |
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| Entry | Description | Equivalent to |
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| ------------- | ------------- |------------- |
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| @yearly (or @annually) | Run once a year at midnight of 1 January | 0 0 1 1 * |
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| @monthly | Run once a month at midnight of the first day of the month | 0 0 1 * * |
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| @weekly | Run once a week at midnight on Sunday morning | 0 0 * * 0 |
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| @daily (or @midnight) | Run once a day at midnight | 0 0 * * * |
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| @hourly | Run once an hour at the beginning of the hour | 0 * * * * |
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-->
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| 输入 | 描述 | 相当于 |
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| ---------------------- | ------------------------ | ------------ |
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| @yearly (或 @annually) | 每年 1 月 1 日的午夜运行一次 | 0 0 1 1 * |
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| @monthly | 每月第一天的午夜运行一次 | 0 0 1 * * |
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| @weekly | 每周的周日午夜运行一次 | 0 0 * * 0 |
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| @daily (或 @midnight) | 每天午夜运行一次 | 0 0 * * * |
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| @hourly | 每小时的开始一次 | 0 * * * * |
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<!--
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To generate CronJob schedule expressions, you can also use web tools like [crontab.guru](https://crontab.guru/).
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<!--
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### Time zones
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For CronJobs with no time zone specified, the {{< glossary_tooltip term_id="kube-controller-manager" text="kube-controller-manager" >}} interprets schedules relative to its local time zone.
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-->
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## 时区 {#time-zones}
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{{< feature-state for_k8s_version="v1.27" state="stable" >}}
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<!--
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For CronJobs with no time zone specified, the {{< glossary_tooltip term_id="kube-controller-manager" text="kube-controller-manager" >}}
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interprets schedules relative to its local time zone.
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-->
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对于没有指定时区的 CronJob，
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{{< glossary_tooltip term_id="kube-controller-manager" text="kube-controller-manager" >}}
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基于本地时区解释排期表（Schedule）。
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{{< feature-state for_k8s_version="v1.25" state="beta" >}}
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<!--
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You can specify a time zone for a CronJob by setting `.spec.timeZone` to the name
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of a valid [time zone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_database_time_zones).
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For example, setting `.spec.timeZone: "Etc/UTC"` instructs Kubernetes to interpret
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the schedule relative to Coordinated Universal Time.
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-->
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你可以通过将 `.spec.timeZone`
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设置为一个有效[时区](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_database_time_zones)的名称，
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为 CronJob 指定一个时区。例如设置 `.spec.timeZone: "Etc/UTC"` 将告诉
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Kubernetes 基于世界标准时间解读排期表。
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<!--
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A time zone database from the Go standard library is included in the binaries and used as a fallback in case an external database is not available on the system.
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-->
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Go 标准库中的时区数据库包含在二进制文件中，并用作备用数据库，以防系统上没有可用的外部数据库。
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<!--
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If you enable the `CronJobTimeZone` [feature gate](/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/),
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you can specify a time zone for a CronJob (if you don't enable that feature gate, or if you are using a version of
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Kubernetes that does not have experimental time zone support, all CronJobs in your cluster have an unspecified
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timezone).
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## CronJob limitations {#cron-job-limitations}
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When you have the feature enabled, you can set `.spec.timeZone` to the name of a valid [time zone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_database_time_zones). For example, setting
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`.spec.timeZone: "Etc/UTC"` instructs Kubernetes to interpret the schedule relative to Coordinated Universal Time.
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### Unsupported TimeZone specification
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-->
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如果启用了 `CronJobTimeZone` [特性门控](/zh-cn/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/)，
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你可以为 CronJob 指定一个时区（如果你没有启用该特性门控，或者你使用的是不支持试验性时区功能的
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Kubernetes 版本，集群中所有 CronJob 的时区都是未指定的）。
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## CronJob 的限制 {#cronjob-limitations}
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启用该特性后，你可以将 `spec.timeZone`
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设置为有效[时区](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E5%8C%BA%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93)名称。
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例如，设置 `spec.timeZone: "Etc/UTC"` 指示 Kubernetes 采用 UTC 来解释排期表。
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### 不支持的时区规范 {#unsupported-timezone-spec}
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{{< caution >}}
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<!--
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The implementation of the CronJob API in Kubernetes {{< skew currentVersion >}} lets you set
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the `.spec.schedule` field to include a timezone; for example: `CRON_TZ=UTC * * * * *`
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or `TZ=UTC * * * * *`.
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-->
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Kubernetes {{< skew currentVersion >}} 中的 CronJob API 实现允许你设置
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`.spec.schedule` 字段，在其中包括时区信息；
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例如 `CRON_TZ=UTC * * * * *` 或 `TZ=UTC * * * * *`。
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<!--
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Specifying a timezone that way is **not officially supported** (and never has been).
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If you try to set a schedule that includes `TZ` or `CRON_TZ` timezone specification,
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Kubernetes reports a [warning](/blog/2020/09/03/warnings/) to the client.
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Future versions of Kubernetes might not implement that unofficial timezone mechanism at all.
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Future versions of Kubernetes will prevent setting the unofficial timezone mechanism entirely.
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-->
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Kubernetes {{< skew currentVersion >}} 中 CronJob API 的实现允许你设置
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`.spec.schedule` 字段以包含时区；例如：`CRON_TZ=UTC * * * * *` 或 `TZ=UTC * * * * *`。
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以这种方式指定时区是**未正式支持**（而且从来没有）。
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以这种方式指定时区是 **未正式支持的**（而且也从未正式支持过）。
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如果你尝试设置包含 `TZ` 或 `CRON_TZ` 时区规范的排期表，
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Kubernetes 会向客户端报告[警告](/zh-cn/blog/2020/09/03/warnings/)。
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Kubernetes 的未来版本可能根本不会实现这种非正式的时区机制。
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{{< /caution >}}
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Kubernetes 会向客户端报告一条[警告](/blog/2020/09/03/warnings/)。
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后续的 Kubernetes 版本将完全阻止设置非正式的时区机制。
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A time zone database from the Go standard library is included in the binaries and used as a fallback in case an external database is not available on the system.
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-->
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Go 标准库中的时区数据库包含在二进制文件中，并用作备用数据库，以防系统上没有可用的外部数据库。
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<!--
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## CronJob limitations {#cron-job-limitations}
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### Modifying a CronJob
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By design, a CronJob contains a template for _new_ Jobs.
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If you modify an existing CronJob, the changes you make will apply to new Jobs that
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start to run after your modification is complete. Jobs (and their Pods) that have already
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started continue to run without changes.
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That is, the CronJob does _not_ update existing Jobs, even if those remain running.
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-->
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## CronJob 限制 {#cronjob-limitations}
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### 修改 CronJob {#modifying-a-cronjob}
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### 修改 CronJob {#modifying-a-cronjob}
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按照设计，CronJob 包含一个用于**新** Job 的模板。
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如果你修改现有的 CronJob，你所做的更改将应用于修改完成后开始运行的新任务。
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Read the {{< api-reference page="workload-resources/cron-job-v1" >}}
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API reference for more details.
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-->
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* 了解 CronJob 所依赖的 [Pod](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/) 与 [Job](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/job/) 的概念。
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* 了解 CronJob 所依赖的 [Pod](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/) 与
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[Job](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/job/) 的概念。
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* 阅读 CronJob `.spec.schedule` 字段的详细[格式](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/robfig/cron/v3#hdr-CRON_Expression_Format)。
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* 有关创建和使用 CronJob 的说明及 CronJob 清单的示例，
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请参见[使用 CronJob 运行自动化任务](/zh-cn/docs/tasks/job/automated-tasks-with-cron-jobs/)。

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