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Logs are an important element of observability; they enable users to gain insights into the operational aspect of workloads and are a key ingredient to troubleshooting issues. Because Windows containers and workloads inside Windows containers behave differently from Linux containers, users had a hard time collecting logs, limiting operational visibility. Windows workloads for example are usually configured to log to ETW (Event Tracing for Windows) or push entries to the application event log. [LogMonitor](https://github.com/microsoft/windows-container-tools/tree/master/LogMonitor), an open source tool by Microsoft, is the recommended way to monitor configured log sources inside a Windows container. LogMonitor supports monitoring event logs, ETW providers, and custom application logs, piping them to STDOUT for consumption by `kubectl logs <pod>`.
Follow the instructions in the LogMonitor GitHub page to copy its binaries and configuration files to all your containers and add the necessary entrypoints for LogMonitor to push your logs to STDOUT.
Starting with Kubernetes v1.16, Windows containers can be configured to run their entrypoints and processes with different usernames than the image defaults. The way this is achieved is a bit different from the way it is done for Linux containers. Learn more about it [here](/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-runasusername/).
## Managing Workload Identity with Group Managed Service Accounts
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## Group Managed Service AccountsによるワークロードIDの管理
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Starting with Kubernetes v1.14, Windows container workloads can be configured to use Group Managed Service Accounts(GMSA). Group Managed Service Accounts are a specific type of Active Directory account that provides automatic password management, simplified service principal name (SPN) management, and the ability to delegate the management to other administrators across multiple servers. Containers configured with a GMSA can access external Active Directory Domain resources while carrying the identity configured with the GMSA. Learn more about configuring and using GMSA for Windows containers [here](/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-gmsa/).
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Kubernetes v1.14以降、Windowsコンテナワークロードは、Group Managed Service Accounts(GMSA)を使用するように構成できます。Group Managed Service Accountsは、自動パスワード管理、簡略化されたサービスプリンシパル名(SPN)管理、および複数のサーバー間で他の管理者に管理を委任する機能を提供する特定の種類のActive Directoryアカウントです。GMSAで構成されたコンテナは、GMSAで構成されたIDを保持しながら、外部Active Directoryドメインリソースにアクセスできます。Windowsコンテナ用のGMSAの構成と使用の詳細は[こちら](/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-gmsa/)。
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## Taints and Tolerations
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## TaintsとTolerations
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Users today need to use some combination of taints and node selectors in order to keep Linux and Windows workloads on their respective OS-specific nodes. This likely imposes a burden only on Windows users. The recommended approach is outlined below, with one of its main goals being that this approach should not break compatibility for existing Linux workloads.
### Ensuring OS-specific workloads land on the appropriate container host
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### OS固有のワークロードが適切なコンテナホストに確実に到達するようにする
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Users can ensure Windows containers can be scheduled on the appropriate host using Taints and Tolerations. All Kubernetes nodes today have the following default labels:
If a Pod specification does not specify a nodeSelector like `"kubernetes.io/os": windows`, it is possible the Pod can be scheduled on any host, Windows or Linux. This can be problematic since a Windows container can only run on Windows and a Linux container can only run on Linux. The best practice is to use a nodeSelector.
However, we understand that in many cases users have a pre-existing large number of deployments for Linux containers, as well as an ecosystem of off-the-shelf configurations, such as community Helm charts, and programmatic Pod generation cases, such as with Operators. In those situations, you may be hesitant to make the configuration change to add nodeSelectors. The alternative is to use Taints. Because the kubelet can set Taints during registration, it could easily be modified to automatically add a taint when running on Windows only.
By adding a taint to all Windows nodes, nothing will be scheduled on them (that includes existing Linux Pods). In order for a Windows Pod to be scheduled on a Windows node, it would need both the nodeSelector to choose Windows, and the appropriate matching toleration.
Kubernetes 1.17 automatically adds a new label `node.kubernetes.io/windows-build` to simplify this. If you're running an older version, then it's recommended to add this label manually to Windows nodes.
This label reflects the Windows major, minor, and build number that need to match for compatibility. Here are values used today for each Windows Server version.
[RuntimeClass] can be used to simplify the process of using taints and tolerations. A cluster administrator can create a `RuntimeClass` object which is used to encapsulate these taints and tolerations.
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