|
| 1 | +--- |
| 2 | +layout: blog |
| 3 | +title: "Kubernetes v1.36: DRA has graduated to GA" |
| 4 | +slug: dra-136-updates |
| 5 | +draft: true |
| 6 | +date: XXXX-XX-XX |
| 7 | +author: > |
| 8 | + The DRA team |
| 9 | +--- |
| 10 | + |
| 11 | +Dynamic Resource Allocation (DRA) has fundamentally changed how we handle hardware |
| 12 | +accelerators and specialized resources in Kubernetes. In the v1.36 release, DRA |
| 13 | +continues to mature, bringing a wave of feature graduations, critical usability |
| 14 | +improvements, and new capabilities that extends the flexibility of DRA to native |
| 15 | +resources like memory and CPU, and support for ResourceClaims in PodGroups. |
| 16 | + |
| 17 | +Whether you are managing massive fleets of GPUs, need better handling of failures, |
| 18 | +or simply looking for better ways to define resource fallback options, the upgrades |
| 19 | +to DRA in 1.36 have something for you. Let's dive into the new features and graduations! |
| 20 | + |
| 21 | +## Feature graduations |
| 22 | + |
| 23 | +The community has been hard at work stabilizing core DRA concepts. In Kubernetes 1.36, |
| 24 | +several highly anticipated features have graduated to Beta and Stable. |
| 25 | + |
| 26 | +**Prioritized List (Stable)** |
| 27 | + |
| 28 | +Hardware heterogeneity is a reality in most clusters. With the |
| 29 | +[Prioritized List](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/dynamic-resource-allocation/#prioritized-list) |
| 30 | +feature, you can confidently define fallback preferences when requesting |
| 31 | +devices. Instead of hardcoding a request for a specific device model, you can specify an |
| 32 | +ordered list of preferences (e.g., "Give me an H100, but if none are available, fall back |
| 33 | +to an A100"). The scheduler will evaluate these requests in order, drastically improving |
| 34 | +scheduling flexibility and cluster utilization. |
| 35 | + |
| 36 | +**Extended Resource Support (Beta)** |
| 37 | + |
| 38 | +As DRA becomes the standard for resource allocation, bridging the gap with legacy systems |
| 39 | +is crucial. The DRA |
| 40 | +[Extended Resource](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/dynamic-resource-allocation/#device-taints-and-tolerations) |
| 41 | +feature allows users to request resources via traditional extended resources on a Pod. |
| 42 | +This allows for a gradual transition to DRA, meaning application developers and |
| 43 | +operators are not forced to immediately migrate their workloads to the ResourceClaim |
| 44 | +API. |
| 45 | + |
| 46 | +**Partitionable Devices (Beta)** |
| 47 | + |
| 48 | +Hardware accelerators are powerful, and sometimes a single workload doesn't need an |
| 49 | +entire device. The |
| 50 | +[Partitionable Devices](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/dynamic-resource-allocation/#partitionable-devices) |
| 51 | +feature, provides native DRA support for carving physical hardware into smaller, |
| 52 | +logical instances (such as Multi-Instance GPUs). This allows administrators to |
| 53 | +safely and efficiently share expensive accelerators across multiple Pods. |
| 54 | + |
| 55 | +**Device Taints (Beta)** |
| 56 | + |
| 57 | +Just as you can taint a Kubernetes Node, you can now apply taints directly to specific DRA |
| 58 | +devices. |
| 59 | +[Device Taints and Tolerations](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/dynamic-resource-allocation/#device-taints-and-tolerations) |
| 60 | +empower cluster administrators to manage hardware more effectively. You can taint faulty |
| 61 | +devices to prevent them from being allocated to standard claims, or reserve specific hardware |
| 62 | +for dedicated teams, specialized workloads, and experiments. Ultimately, only Pods with |
| 63 | +matching tolerations are permitted to claim these tainted devices. |
| 64 | + |
| 65 | +**Device Binding Conditions (Beta)** |
| 66 | + |
| 67 | +To improve scheduling reliability, the Kubernetes scheduler can now use the |
| 68 | +[Binding Conditions](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/dynamic-resource-allocation/#device-taints-and-tolerations) |
| 69 | +feature to delay committing a Pod to a Node until its required external resources—such as attachable |
| 70 | +devices or FPGAs—are fully prepared. By explicitly modeling resource readiness, this |
| 71 | +prevents premature assignments that can lead to Pod failures, ensuring a much more robust |
| 72 | +and predictable deployment process. |
| 73 | + |
| 74 | +## New Features |
| 75 | + |
| 76 | +Beyond stabilizing existing capabilities, v1.36 introduces foundational new features |
| 77 | +that expand what DRA can do. |
| 78 | + |
| 79 | +**ResourceClaim Support for Workloads** |
| 80 | + |
| 81 | +To optimize large-scale AI/ML workloads that rely on strict topological scheduling, the |
| 82 | +[ResourceClaim Support for Workloads](add_link_here) |
| 83 | +feature enables Kubernetes to seamlessly manage shared resources across massive sets |
| 84 | +of Pods. By associating ResourceClaims or ResourceClaimTemplates with PodGroups, |
| 85 | +this feature eliminates previous scaling bottlenecks, such as the limit on the |
| 86 | +number of pods that can share a claim, and removes the burden of manual claim |
| 87 | +management from specialized orchestrators. |
| 88 | + |
| 89 | +**DRA for Native Resources** |
| 90 | + |
| 91 | +Why should DRA only be for external accelerators? In v1.36, we are introducing the first |
| 92 | +iterations of using the DRA API to manage Kubernetes native resources (like CPU and |
| 93 | +Memory). By bringing CPU and memory allocation under the DRA umbrella with the DRA |
| 94 | +[Native Resources](add_link_here) |
| 95 | +feature, users can leverage DRA's advanced placement, NUMA-awareness, and prioritization |
| 96 | +semantics for standard compute resources, paving the way for incredibly fine-grained |
| 97 | +performance tuning. |
| 98 | + |
| 99 | +**DRA Resource Availability Visibility** |
| 100 | + |
| 101 | +One of the most requested features from cluster administrators has been better visibility |
| 102 | +into hardware capacity. The new |
| 103 | +[Resource Availability Visibility](add_link_here) |
| 104 | +feature introduces robust mechanisms to query and expose the total capacity, allocated |
| 105 | +usage, and available pool of DRA resources across the cluster. This unlocks better |
| 106 | +integration with dashboards and capacity planning tools. |
| 107 | + |
| 108 | +**Device Allocation Ordering through Lexicographical Ordering** |
| 109 | + |
| 110 | +The Kubernetes scheduler has been updated to evaluate devices using lexicographical |
| 111 | +ordering based on resource pool and ResourceSlice names. This change empowers drivers |
| 112 | +to proactively influence the scheduling process, leading to improved throughput and |
| 113 | +more optimal scheduling decisions. To support this capability, the ResourceSlice |
| 114 | +controller toolkit now automatically generates names that reflect the exact device |
| 115 | +ordering specified by the driver author. |
| 116 | + |
| 117 | +## What’s next? |
| 118 | + |
| 119 | +This cycle introduced a wealth of new DRA features, and the momentum continues. |
| 120 | +Our focus remains on progressing existing features toward beta and stable releases |
| 121 | +while enhancing DRA's performance, scalability, and reliability. Additionally, |
| 122 | +integrating DRA with Workload-Aware and Topology-Aware Scheduling will be a key |
| 123 | +priority over the coming releases. |
| 124 | + |
| 125 | + |
| 126 | +## Getting involved |
| 127 | + |
| 128 | +A good starting point is joining the WG Device Management |
| 129 | +[Slack channel](https://kubernetes.slack.com/archives/C0409NGC1TK) and |
| 130 | +[meetings](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1qxI87VqGtgN7EAJlqVfxx86HGKEAc2A3SKru8nJHNkQ/edit?tab=t.0#heading=h.tgg8gganowxq), |
| 131 | +which happen at US/EU and EU/APAC friendly time slots. |
| 132 | + |
| 133 | +Not all enhancement ideas are tracked as issues yet, so come talk to us if you wantto help or have some ideas yourself! |
| 134 | +We have work to do at all levels, from difficult core changes to usability enhancements in kubectl, which could be picked up by newcomers. |
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