[12.x] Add documentation about queued notification job properties (#10852)

* Document queued notification job properties

Add documentation explaining that queued notifications inherit job-related properties (tries, timeout, maxExceptions, shouldBeEncrypted, backoff, retryUntil) from the notification class to the underlying queued job. This behavior is implemented in SendQueuedNotifications but was not previously documented.

* Fix: Use ShouldBeEncrypted interface instead of property

The shouldBeEncrypted behavior is applied by implementing the ShouldBeEncrypted interface on the notification class, not by setting a property directly.

* Remove menu item and adjust wording

* Remove unnecessary sentence

Author: stevebauman

notifications.md

@@ -275,6 +275,94 @@ public function viaQueues(): array
 }
 ```
 
+<a name="customizing-queued-notification-job-properties"></a>
+#### Customizing Queued Notification Job Properties
+
+You may customize the behavior of the underlying queued job by defining properties on your notification class. These properties will be inherited by the queued job that sends the notification:
+
+```php
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Notifications;
+
+use Illuminate\Bus\Queueable;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldQueue;
+use Illuminate\Notifications\Notification;
+
+class InvoicePaid extends Notification implements ShouldQueue
+{
+    use Queueable;
+
+    /**
+     * The number of times the notification may be attempted.
+     *
+     * @var int
+     */
+    public $tries = 5;
+
+    /**
+     * The number of seconds the notification can run before timing out.
+     *
+     * @var int
+     */
+    public $timeout = 120;
+
+    /**
+     * The maximum number of unhandled exceptions to allow before failing.
+     *
+     * @var int
+     */
+    public $maxExceptions = 3;
+
+    // ...
+}
+```
+
+If you would like to ensure the privacy and integrity of a queued notification's data via [encryption](/docs/{{version}}/encryption), add the `ShouldBeEncrypted` interface to your notification class:
+
+```php
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Notifications;
+
+use Illuminate\Bus\Queueable;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldBeEncrypted;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldQueue;
+use Illuminate\Notifications\Notification;
+
+class InvoicePaid extends Notification implements ShouldQueue, ShouldBeEncrypted
+{
+    use Queueable;
+
+    // ...
+}
+```
+
+In addition to defining these properties directly on your notification class, you may also define `backoff` and `retryUntil` methods to specify the backoff strategy and retry timeout for the queued notification job:
+
+```php
+use DateTime;
+
+/**
+ * Calculate the number of seconds to wait before retrying the notification.
+ */
+public function backoff(): int
+{
+    return 3;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine the time at which the notification should timeout.
+ */
+public function retryUntil(): DateTime
+{
+    return now()->addMinutes(5);
+}
+```
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> For more information on these job properties and methods, please review the documentation on [queued jobs](/docs/{{version}}/queues#max-job-attempts-and-timeout).
+
 <a name="queued-notification-middleware"></a>
 #### Queued Notification Middleware