New foreign and id methods for migrations

[bakle]

This proposal is to follow the same approach of $table->id() and $table->foreignId() by adding new syntactic sugar methods for:

• tinyIncrements
• smallIncrements
• mediumIncrements

And include their respective foreign methods for each one.

Proposal

Let's say we have three tables, states, addresses and warehouses, where addresses table has a foreign key of the states table, and warehouses has a foreign key of the addresses table.

Schema::create('states', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->tinyId();
   ...
});

Schema::create('addresses', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->smallId();
    $table->tinyForeignId('state_id')->constrained('states');
    ...
});

Schema::create('warehouses', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->mediumId();
    $table->smallForeignId('address_id')->constrained('addresses');
    ...
});

[cosmastech]

I had a similar idea for this and just put up a PR #47346