Merge branch 'master' into update-banner-path

Author: zihanKuang

content/learning-paths/11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111/introduction-to-devops-and-site-reliability-engineering/_index.md

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+---
+id: "090a7872-5b0d-46ba-9979-f01ddce1b11f"
+type: "learning-path"
+title: "Introduction to DevOps and Site Reliability Engineering"
+description: "Learn how to start transforming your organization using the principles and practices of DevOps."
+weight: 4
+banner: "images/sre-k8s.svg"
+tags: ["devops", "SRE", "site-reliability-engineering", "kubernetes", "CI/CD", "cloud", "IAC"]
+category: "SRE"
+level: "beginner"
+---

content/learning-paths/11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111/introduction-to-devops-and-site-reliability-engineering/ci-cd/_index.md

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+---
+type: "course"
+title: "Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment (CI/CD)"
+description: "Learn the principles of CI/CD and how to implement them in your DevOps practices
+with Kubernetes."
+weight: 6
+tags: ["CI/CD", "kubernetes", "devops"]
+categories: "CI/CD"
+level: "beginner"
+banner: "images/sre-k8s.svg"
+---

content/learning-paths/11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111/introduction-to-devops-and-site-reliability-engineering/ci-cd/cicd/_index.md

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+---
+type: "module"
+title: "Continuous Integration/Continuous Delivery"
+description: "Explore the concepts of Continuous Integration (CI) and Continuous Delivery (CD), their importance in DevOps, and how they streamline software development and deployment processes."
+weight: 2
+tags: ["CI/CD", "continuous integration", "continuous delivery"]
+categories: "CI/CD"
+level: "beginner"
+---

content/learning-paths/11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111/introduction-to-devops-and-site-reliability-engineering/ci-cd/cicd/c-delivery.md

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+---
+type: "page"
+title: "What Is Continuous Delivery (CD)?"
+description: ""
+weight: 4
+---
+
+### Continuous Delivery (CD)
+
+Continuous Delivery is a software development practice that extends the principles of Continuous Integration to ensure that the codebase is always in a deployable state. The primary objective is to make software releases reliable, predictable, and sustainable. In a Continuous Delivery pipeline, automated testing, and deployment processes are integral components.
+
+### Key Characteristics
+
+#### Automated Testing
+Similar to Continuous Integration, Continuous Delivery places a strong emphasis on automated testing. This includes unit tests, integration tests, and other forms of testing that validate the correctness and functionality of the codebase.
+
+#### Deployment Automation
+Continuous Delivery involves automating the deployment process to create a consistent and repeatable method of releasing software. While the deployment to production may not occur automatically, the process leading up to deployment is automated.
+
+#### Deployment to Staging or Pre-Production
+In Continuous Delivery, the software is typically deployed to a staging or pre-production environment where additional testing, user acceptance testing, or other validation processes can take place. This allows teams to ensure that the software is ready for production release.
+
+#### Manual Intervention for Production Release
+Unlike Continuous Deployment, Continuous Delivery stops short of automatically deploying changes to the production environment. The decision to release to production requires human intervention, providing an additional layer of control and oversight.
+
+Some of the Continuous Delivery benefits are:
+
+- Reliable Releases
+    
+    Continuous Delivery ensures that releases are reliable and consistent, reducing the risk of introducing errors into the production environment.
+
+- Reduced Time to Market
+    
+    With automated processes, the time required to move from development to a deployable state is minimized, enabling faster and more frequent releases.

content/learning-paths/11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111/introduction-to-devops-and-site-reliability-engineering/ci-cd/cicd/cd-principles.md

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+---
+type: "page"
+title: "Continuous Delivery (CD) and Continuous Deployment (CD) Principles and Practices"
+description: ""
+weight: 8
+---
+
+### Principles
+
+#### Consistent Deployment Process
+Ensure that the deployment process is consistent and repeatable, reducing the risk of errors and ensuring that each release is reliable.
+
+#### Automated Deployment
+Automate the deployment process to create a streamlined and efficient method for releasing software. This includes deploying to staging environments for additional testing.
+
+#### Environment Parity
+Strive for parity between different environments, such as development, staging, and production, to minimize issues related to environment-specific differences.
+
+### Practices
+
+#### Continuous Delivery
+In Continuous Delivery, automated processes ensure that the software is always in a deployable state. Deployment to production requires human intervention, allowing for a final review and decision before release.
+
+#### Continuous Deployment
+Continuous Deployment takes automation a step further, automatically deploying changes to the production environment once they pass automated tests. Human intervention is minimized in the release process.
+
+#### Feature Toggles
+Use feature toggles or feature flags to enable or disable specific features in production. This allows for the decoupling of deployment and release, enabling the gradual rollout of features.
+
+#### Rollback Mechanisms
+Implement mechanisms to quickly rollback releases in case of unexpected issues. This ensures a rapid response to problems without causing extended downtime.
+
+#### Monitoring and Logging
+Implement robust monitoring and logging to track the performance and behavior of the application in real-time. This facilitates rapid identification and resolution of issues in production.

content/learning-paths/11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111/introduction-to-devops-and-site-reliability-engineering/ci-cd/cicd/cd.md

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+---
+type: "page"
+title: "What Is Continuous Deployment (CD)?"
+description: ""
+weight: 5
+---
+
+### Continuous Deployment (CD)
+
+Continuous Deployment takes the principles of Continuous Delivery a step further by automatically deploying every code change that passes automated testing directly to the production environment. The goal is to maximize efficiency and deliver new features or bug fixes to end-users as quickly as possible.
+
+### Key Characteristics
+
+#### Automated Production Deployment
+The hallmark of Continuous Deployment is the automatic deployment of code changes to the production environment once they pass automated tests. This minimizes manual intervention in the release process.
+
+#### High Level of Automation
+Continuous Deployment relies heavily on automation throughout the entire development pipeline, from code integration to deployment. Automated testing and deployment scripts play a crucial role in achieving this level of automation.
+
+#### Immediate User Access
+With Continuous Deployment, new features or fixes become immediately accessible to end-users. This rapid deployment cycle allows for quick responses to user feedback and changing market conditions.
+
+Some Continuous Deployment benefits are:
+
+- Faster Time to Market
+    
+    Continuous Deployment significantly reduces the time it takes for new features or bug fixes to reach end-users, providing a competitive advantage in rapidly evolving markets.
+
+- Continuous Feedback Loop
+    
+    End-users receive new functionality and improvements continuously, fostering a dynamic feedback loop that helps developers address issues promptly.
+
+- Efficient Resource Utilization
+    
+    Automation in Continuous Deployment streamlines the release process, optimizing resource utilization and allowing developers to focus on creating value rather than manual deployment tasks.

content/learning-paths/11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111/introduction-to-devops-and-site-reliability-engineering/ci-cd/cicd/ci-principles.md

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+---
+type: "page"
+title: "Continuous Integration (CI) Principles and Practices"
+description: ""
+weight: 7
+---
+
+### Continuous Integration (CI) Principles
+
+#### Frequent Code Integration
+Developers integrate their code changes into a shared repository frequently, ensuring that the codebase is continuously evolving in a collaborative manner.
+
+#### Automated Builds
+Every integration triggers an automated build process, including compiling the code, running tests, and creating executable artifacts. Automation ensures consistency and reliability.
+
+#### Automated Testing
+A comprehensive suite of automated tests, including unit tests and integration tests, is run with each integration to detect and address issues early in the development process.
+
+#### Immediate Feedback
+Developers receive immediate feedback on the success or failure of their code integration. Quick feedback allows for prompt issue resolution, reducing the risk of defects accumulating.
+
+
+### Continuous Integration (CI) Practices
+
+#### Version Control
+Use a version control system (e.g., Git) to manage code changes, enabling collaboration, tracking history, and providing a reliable mechanism for rollbacks.
+
+#### Automated Builds
+Set up automated build processes triggered by code commits. These processes should compile the code, run tests, and produce deployable artifacts.
+
+#### Automated Testing
+Develop and maintain a suite of automated tests to validate the correctness and functionality of the code. This includes unit tests, integration tests, and possibly end-to-end tests.
+
+#### Continuous Integration Server
+Employ a CI server (e.g., Jenkins, Travis CI) to automate the integration and testing process. The CI server monitors the version control system and triggers builds and tests upon code changes.

content/learning-paths/11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111/introduction-to-devops-and-site-reliability-engineering/ci-cd/cicd/ci.md

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+---
+type: "page"
+title: "What Is Continuous Integration?"
+description: ""
+weight: 3
+---
+
+### Continuous Integration (CI)
+
+Continuous Integration (CI) is a pivotal methodology in software development, reshaping the way teams collaborate and deliver high-quality code. At its core, CI involves the regular merging of code changes from multiple contributors into a shared repository. This iterative process serves as a proactive measure to identify and rectify integration issues at an early stage, fostering a development environment characterized by stability and efficiency.
+
+In the world of CI, the mantra is frequent integration. Unlike traditional development approaches, where code integration might occur infrequently, CI encourages developers to merge their code multiple times a day. This frequent integration is accompanied by an automated build process, a cornerstone of CI. The build process includes tasks such as code compilation, automated testing, and the creation of executable artifacts. The automation ensures that the codebase is consistently and reliably built, reducing variability and ensuring a standardized output.
+
+Automated testing is another integral component of CI. Developers leverage various types of tests, including unit tests and integration tests, to validate the correctness of their code. This emphasis on automated testing serves a dual purpose: it verifies that the newly integrated code functions as expected, and it provides a safety net for catching regressions and defects.
+
+A key feature of CI is the immediate feedback loop. Developers receive prompt notifications about the success or failure of their code integration. This rapid feedback allows for quick identification and resolution of issues, preventing the accumulation of defects that could lead to more complex problems down the line.
+
+The benefits of CI extend across various dimensions of the development process. Early bug detection is a significant advantage, as issues are identified and addressed in their infancy. The consistent codebase resulting from frequent integration facilitates collaboration among team members, fostering a shared understanding of the project's state. Confidence in code quality is heightened through the combination of automated builds and tests, empowering developers to make changes with the assurance that issues will be promptly discovered and rectified.
+
+CI sets the stage for improved collaboration, increased efficiency, and streamlined deployment processes. By cultivating a culture of continuous integration, teams can respond more effectively to changing requirements and market dynamics. Ultimately, CI is more than a development practice; it's a fundamental mindset shift that prioritizes collaboration, quality, and agility in the ever-evolving landscape of software engineering.

content/learning-paths/11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111/introduction-to-devops-and-site-reliability-engineering/ci-cd/cicd/cicd.md

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+---
+type: "page"
+title: "Continuous Deployment and Continuous Delivery"
+description: ""
+weight: 6
+---
+
+Continuous Deployment (CD) and Continuous Delivery (CD) are practices closely related to Continuous Integration (CI) in the realm of software development. While they share some similarities, each has distinct characteristics that contribute to the overall goal of delivering high-quality software efficiently.
+
+In summary, Continuous Delivery and Continuous Deployment are practices that extend the benefits of Continuous Integration. Continuous Delivery emphasizes a reliable and automated process up to the production environment, with human intervention required for the final release decision. On the other hand, Continuous Deployment takes automation further by automatically deploying code changes to production, providing immediate access to new features for end-users. The choice between Continuous Delivery and Continuous Deployment depends on factors such as the organization's risk tolerance, regulatory requirements, and the need for human oversight in the release process.

content/learning-paths/11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111/introduction-to-devops-and-site-reliability-engineering/ci-cd/cicd/gitops.md

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+---
+type: "page"
+title: "GitOps as a Deployment Tool"
+description: ""
+weight: 10
+---
+
+### GitOps Overview
+
+GitOps is a deployment methodology that leverages Git as a single source of truth for infrastructure and application configuration. This approach enables developers to manage their applications and infrastructure in a declarative manner, using familiar Git workflows.
+
+
+
+### Key principles of GitOps:
+
+- Declarative configuration
+    
+    The desired state of the infrastructure and application is declared in Git repositories as YAML manifests, Helm charts, or other declarative formats.
+
+- Single source of truth
+    
+    The Git repository serves as the only source of truth for the desired state of the system, ensuring consistency and traceability.
+
+- Pull-based reconciliation
+    
+    A GitOps controller continuously monitors the Git repository for changes and automatically applies them to the target environment, ensuring the desired state is achieved.
+
+### Benefits of using GitOps for deployment:
+
+- Simplified deployment process
+    
+    GitOps provides a straightforward and automated deployment process, removing the need for manual configuration and deployment scripts.
+
+- Increased consistency and reliability
+    
+    By using declarative configuration and a single source of truth, GitOps helps ensure consistent and reliable deployments across different environments.
+
+- Improved collaboration
+    
+    GitOps encourages collaboration between developers and operations teams by providing a shared platform for managing infrastructure and applications.
+    
+- Enhanced auditability and traceability
+    
+    GitOps provides a complete audit trail of changes made to the system, facilitating troubleshooting and compliance audits.
+
+Popular GitOps tools:
+    - Meshery GitOps is a platform that provides a comprehensive GitOps solution for managing Kubernetes applications and infrastructure.
+    - Argo CD is an open source GitOps continuous delivery tool that supports multiple platforms and environments.
+    - Flux CD is an open source GitOps continuous delivery tool that is specifically designed for Kubernetes deployments.
+    - Tekton CD is an open source GitOps continuous delivery platform built on Kubernetes.
+    - Jenkins X is an open source platform that combines GitOps principles with Jenkins for continuous delivery.
+GitOps adoption considerations:
+
+- Infrastructure as Code (IaC) adoption: GitOps requires existing IaC practices to manage infrastructure configurations effectively.
+- Tool selection: Choosing the right GitOps tool depends on specific needs and requirements.
+- Security considerations: Implementing proper access controls and security practices is crucial for securing Git repositories used in GitOps deployments.
+
+Overall, GitOps offers a powerful and flexible approach to deploying applications and managing infrastructure. Its declarative nature, single source of truth, and automated workflow make it a compelling option for organizations seeking to streamline their deployment processes and improve their overall software delivery efficiency.