dwm.c

#include <locale.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>

#ifdef XINERAMA
#include <X11/extensions/Xinerama.h>
#endif /* XINERAMA */

#include <X11/Xft/Xft.h>

#include "config.h"

/* function implementations */
void applyrules(Client *c) {
  const char *class, *instance;
  unsigned int i;
  const Rule *r;
  Monitor *m;
  XClassHint ch = {NULL, NULL};

  /* rule matching */
  c->isfloating = 0;
  c->isglobal = 0;
  c->tags = 0;
  XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
  class = ch.res_class ? ch.res_class : broken;
  instance = ch.res_name ? ch.res_name : broken;

  for (i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
    r = &rules[i];
    if ((!r->title || strstr(c->name, r->title)) && (!r->class || strstr(class, r->class)) && (!r->instance || strstr(instance, r->instance))) {
      c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
      c->isglobal = r->isglobal;
      c->tags |= c->isglobal ? 0 : r->tags;
      for (m = mons; m && m->num != r->monitor; m = m->next);
      if (m) c->mon = m;
      unmanaged = r->unmanaged;
    }
  }
  if (ch.res_class) XFree(ch.res_class);
  if (ch.res_name) XFree(ch.res_name);
  c->tags = c->tags & TAGMASK ? c->tags & TAGMASK : c->mon->tagset[c->mon->seltags];
}

int applysizehints(Client *c, int *x, int *y, int *w, int *h, int interact) {
  int baseismin;
  Monitor *m = c->mon;

  /* set minimum possible */
  *w = MAX(1, *w);
  *h = MAX(1, *h);
  if (interact) {
    if (*x > sw) *x = sw - WIDTH(c);
    if (*y > sh) *y = sh - HEIGHT(c);
    if (*x + *w + 2 * c->bw < 0) *x = 0;
    if (*y + *h + 2 * c->bw < 0) *y = 0;
  } else {
    if (*x >= m->wx + m->ww) *x = m->wx + m->ww - WIDTH(c);
    if (*y >= m->wy + m->wh) *y = m->wy + m->wh - HEIGHT(c);
    if (*x + *w + 2 * c->bw <= m->wx) *x = m->wx;
    if (*y + *h + 2 * c->bw <= m->wy) *y = m->wy;
  }
  if (*h < bh) *h = bh;
  if (*w < bh) *w = bh;
  if (resizehints || c->isfloating || !c->mon->lt[c->mon->sellt]->arrange) {
    if (!c->hintsvalid) updatesizehints(c);
    /* see last two sentences in ICCCM 4.1.2.3 */
    baseismin = c->basew == c->minw && c->baseh == c->minh;
    if (!baseismin) { /* temporarily remove base dimensions */
      *w -= c->basew;
      *h -= c->baseh;
    }
    /* adjust for aspect limits */
    if (c->mina > 0 && c->maxa > 0) {
      if (c->maxa < (float)*w / *h)
        *w = *h * c->maxa + 0.5;
      else if (c->mina < (float)*h / *w)
        *h = *w * c->mina + 0.5;
    }
    if (baseismin) { /* increment calculation requires this */
      *w -= c->basew;
      *h -= c->baseh;
    }
    /* adjust for increment value */
    if (c->incw) *w -= *w % c->incw;
    if (c->inch) *h -= *h % c->inch;
    /* restore base dimensions */
    *w = MAX(*w + c->basew, c->minw);
    *h = MAX(*h + c->baseh, c->minh);
    if (c->maxw) *w = MIN(*w, c->maxw);
    if (c->maxh) *h = MIN(*h, c->maxh);
  }
  return *x != c->x || *y != c->y || *w != c->w || *h != c->h;
}

void arrange(Monitor *m) {
  if (m)
    showhide(m->stack);
  else
    for (m = mons; m; m = m->next) showhide(m->stack);
  if (m) {
    arrangemon(m);
    restack(m);
  } else
    for (m = mons; m; m = m->next) arrangemon(m);
}

void arrangemon(Monitor *m) {
  strncpy(m->ltsymbol, m->lt[m->sellt]->symbol, sizeof m->ltsymbol);
  if (m->lt[m->sellt]->arrange) m->lt[m->sellt]->arrange(m);
}

void attach(Client *c) {
  c->next = c->mon->clients;
  c->mon->clients = c;
}

void attachstack(Client *c) {
  c->snext = c->mon->stack;
  c->mon->stack = c;
}

void buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
  unsigned int i, x, click;
  Arg arg = {0};
  Client *c;
  Monitor *m;
  XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;

  click = ClkRootWin;
  /* focus monitor if necessary */
  if ((m = wintomon(ev->window)) && m != selmon) {
    unfocus(selmon->sel, 1);
    selmon = m;
    focus(NULL);
  }

  if (ev->window == selmon->barwins[0]) {
    i = x = 0;
    do x += TEXTW(tags[i]);
    while (ev->x >= x && ++i < LENGTH(tags));
    if (i < LENGTH(tags)) {
      click = ClkTagBar;
      arg.ui = 1 << i;
    } else if (ev->x < x + TEXTW(selmon->ltsymbol))
      click = ClkLtSymbol;
  }

  else if (ev->window == selmon->barwins[1]) {
    click = ClkWinTitle;
  }

  else if (ev->window == selmon->barwins[2]) {
    click = ClkStatusText;
    arg.i = ev->x;
    arg.ui = ev->button;
  }

  else if ((c = wintoclient(ev->window))) {
    focus(c);
    restack(selmon);
    XAllowEvents(dpy, ReplayPointer, CurrentTime);
    click = ClkClientWin;
  }

  for (i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
    if (click == buttons[i].click && buttons[i].func && buttons[i].button == ev->button && CLEANMASK(buttons[i].mask) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
      buttons[i].func((click == ClkTagBar || click == ClkWinTitle || click == ClkStatusText) && buttons[i].arg.i == 0 ? &arg : &buttons[i].arg);
}

void checkotherwm(void) {
  xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
  /* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
  XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
  XSync(dpy, False);
  XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
  XSync(dpy, False);
}

void cleanup(void) {
  Arg a = {.ui = ~0};
  Layout foo = {"", NULL};
  Monitor *m;
  size_t i;

  view(&a);
  selmon->lt[selmon->sellt] = &foo;
  for (m = mons; m; m = m->next)
    while (m->stack) unmanage(m->stack, 0);
  XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
  while (mons) cleanupmon(mons);
  for (i = 0; i < CurLast; i++) drw_cur_free(drw, cursor[i]);
  for (i = 0; i < LENGTH(colors); i++) free(scheme[i]);
  free(scheme);
  XDestroyWindow(dpy, wmcheckwin);
  drw_free(drw);
  XSync(dpy, False);
  XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
  XDeleteProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetActiveWindow]);
}

void cleanupmon(Monitor *mon) {
  Monitor *m;

  if (mon == mons)
    mons = mons->next;
  else {
    for (m = mons; m && m->next != mon; m = m->next);
    m->next = mon->next;
  }
  for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
    XUnmapWindow(dpy, mon->barwins[i]);
    XDestroyWindow(dpy, mon->barwins[i]);
  }
  free(mon);
}

void clientmessage(XEvent *e) {
  XClientMessageEvent *cme = &e->xclient;
  Client *c = wintoclient(cme->window);

  if (!c) return;
  if (cme->message_type == netatom[NetWMState]) {
    if (cme->data.l[1] == netatom[NetWMFullscreen] || cme->data.l[2] == netatom[NetWMFullscreen])
      setfullscreen(c, (cme->data.l[0] == 1 || (cme->data.l[0] == 2 && !c->isfullscreen)));
  } else if (cme->message_type == netatom[NetActiveWindow]) {
    if (c != selmon->sel && !c->isurgent) seturgent(c, 1);
  }
}

void clkstatusbar(const Arg *arg) {
  static unsigned long last;
  struct timespec now;
  unsigned long current;
  int n = 0, ptr = 0, len;
  char *text, *btn = "L", *cmd;

  if (!arg->i || arg->i <= 0) return;

  /* throttling */
  clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
  current = now.tv_sec * 1000UL + now.tv_nsec / 1000000UL;
  if (current - last < 100)
    return;
  else
    last = current;

  text = (char *)malloc(256 * sizeof(char));
  strcpy(text, stext);
  while (text[++ptr]) {
    if (text[ptr] != ' ') continue;
    text[ptr] = '\0';
    len = TEXTW(text) - lrpad;
    text[ptr] = ' ';
    n += (len < arg->i);
  }

  switch (arg->ui) {
    case Button1:
      btn = "L";
      break;
    case Button2:
      btn = "M";
      break;
    case Button3:
      btn = "R";
      break;
    case Button4:
      btn = "U";
      break;
    case Button5:
      btn = "D";
      break;
  }

  cmd = (char *)malloc(256 * sizeof(char));
  sprintf(cmd, "%s %d %s &", statusbarscript, n, btn);
  system(cmd);
  free(cmd);
  free(text);
}

void configure(Client *c) {
  XConfigureEvent ce;

  ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
  ce.display = dpy;
  ce.event = c->win;
  ce.window = c->win;
  ce.x = c->x;
  ce.y = c->y;
  ce.width = c->w;
  ce.height = c->h;
  ce.border_width = c->bw;
  ce.above = None;
  ce.override_redirect = False;
  XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
}

void configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
  Monitor *m;
  Client *c;
  XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
  int dirty, i;

  /* TODO: updategeom handling sucks, needs to be simplified */
  if (ev->window == root) {
    dirty = (sw != ev->width || sh != ev->height);
    sw = ev->width;
    sh = ev->height;
    if (updategeom() || dirty) {
      drw_resize(drw, sw, bh);
      updatebars();
      for (m = mons; m; m = m->next) {
        for (c = m->clients; c; c = c->next)
          if (c->isfullscreen) resizeclient(c, m->mx, m->my, m->mw, m->mh);
        for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, m->barwins[i], m->wx, m->by, m->ww, bh);
      }
      focus(NULL);
      arrange(NULL);
    }
  }
}

void configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
  Client *c;
  Monitor *m;
  XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
  XWindowChanges wc;

  if ((c = wintoclient(ev->window))) {
    if (ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
      c->bw = ev->border_width;
    else if (c->isfloating || !selmon->lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange) {
      m = c->mon;
      if (ev->value_mask & CWX) {
        c->oldx = c->x;
        c->x = m->mx + ev->x;
      }
      if (ev->value_mask & CWY) {
        c->oldy = c->y;
        c->y = m->my + ev->y;
      }
      if (ev->value_mask & CWWidth) {
        c->oldw = c->w;
        c->w = ev->width;
      }
      if (ev->value_mask & CWHeight) {
        c->oldh = c->h;
        c->h = ev->height;
      }
      if ((c->x + c->w) > m->mx + m->mw && c->isfloating) c->x = m->mx + (m->mw / 2 - WIDTH(c) / 2);  /* center in x direction */
      if ((c->y + c->h) > m->my + m->mh && c->isfloating) c->y = m->my + (m->mh / 2 - HEIGHT(c) / 2); /* center in y direction */
      if ((ev->value_mask & (CWX | CWY)) && !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth | CWHeight))) configure(c);
      if (ISVISIBLE(c)) XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
    } else
      configure(c);
  } else {
    wc.x = ev->x;
    wc.y = ev->y;
    wc.width = ev->width;
    wc.height = ev->height;
    wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
    wc.sibling = ev->above;
    wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
    XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
  }
  XSync(dpy, False);
}

Monitor *createmon(void) {
  Monitor *m;
  unsigned int i;

  m = ecalloc(1, sizeof(Monitor));
  m->tagset[0] = m->tagset[1] = 1;
  m->mfact = mfact;
  m->nmaster = nmaster;
  m->showbar = showbar;
  m->topbar = topbar;
  m->lt[0] = &layouts[0];
  m->lt[1] = &layouts[1 % LENGTH(layouts)];
  strncpy(m->ltsymbol, layouts[0].symbol, sizeof m->ltsymbol);
  m->pertag = ecalloc(1, sizeof(Pertag));
  m->pertag->curtag = 0;
  for (i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
    m->pertag->nmasters[i] = m->nmaster;
    m->pertag->ltidxs[i][0] = m->lt[0];
    m->pertag->ltidxs[i][1] = m->lt[1];
    m->pertag->sellts[i] = m->sellt;
  }
  return m;
}

void destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
  Client *c;
  XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;

  if ((c = wintoclient(ev->window))) unmanage(c, 1);
}

void detach(Client *c) {
  Client **tc;

  for (tc = &c->mon->clients; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->next);
  *tc = c->next;
}

void detachstack(Client *c) {
  Client **tc, *t;

  for (tc = &c->mon->stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->snext);
  *tc = c->snext;

  if (c == c->mon->sel) {
    for (t = c->mon->stack; t && !ISVISIBLE(t); t = t->snext);
    c->mon->sel = t;
  }
}

Monitor *dirtomon(int dir) {
  Monitor *m = NULL;

  if (dir > 0) {
    if (!(m = selmon->next)) m = mons;
  } else if (selmon == mons)
    for (m = mons; m->next; m = m->next);
  else
    for (m = mons; m->next != selmon; m = m->next);
  return m;
}

void drawbar(Monitor *m) {
  int x, w, tw = 0, s = 0, v;
  int boxs = drw->fonts->h / 9;
  int boxw = drw->fonts->h / 6 + 2;
  int margin = drw->fonts->h * 8;
  unsigned int i, occ = 0, urg = 0;
  Client *c;

  if (!m->barwins[0] || !m->barwins[1] || !m->barwins[2] || !m->showbar) return;

  /* draw status first so it can be overdrawn by tags later */
  if (m == selmon) { /* status is only drawn on selected monitor */
    drw_setscheme(drw, scheme[SchemeNorm]);
    tw = TEXTW(stext) - lrpad + 2; /* 2px right padding */
    drw_text(drw, m->ww - tw, 0, tw, bh, 0, stext, 0);
    XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, m->barwins[2], m->wx + m->ww - tw, m->by, tw, bh);
    drw_map(drw, m->barwins[2], m->ww - tw, 0, m->ww, bh);
  }

  for (c = m->clients; c; c = c->next) {
    occ |= c->tags;
    if (c->isurgent) urg |= c->tags;
  }
  x = 0;
  for (i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
    w = TEXTW(tags[i]);
    drw_setscheme(drw, scheme[m->tagset[m->seltags] & 1 << i ? SchemeSel : SchemeNorm]);
    drw_text(drw, x, 0, w, bh, lrpad / 2, tags[i], urg & 1 << i);
    x += w;
  }
  w = TEXTW(m->ltsymbol);
  drw_setscheme(drw, scheme[SchemeNorm]);
  x = m->pvx = drw_text(drw, x, 0, w, bh, lrpad / 2, m->ltsymbol, 0);
  XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, m->barwins[0], m->wx, m->by, x, bh);
  drw_map(drw, m->barwins[0], 0, 0, x, bh);

  s = TEXTW(m->sel->name);
  if ((w = m->ww - tw - x - margin) > bh) {
    if (m->sel) {
      drw_setscheme(drw, scheme[SchemeNorm]);
      v = m->sel->icon ? m->sel->icw + iconspacing : 0;
      s = m->pvs = drw_text(drw, x, 0, MIN(s + v, w), bh, lrpad / 2 + v, m->sel->name, 0) - x;
      if (m->sel->icon) drw_pic(drw, x + lrpad / 2, (bh - m->sel->ich) / 2, m->sel->icw, m->sel->ich, m->sel->icon);
      if (m->sel->isfloating) drw_rect(drw, x + boxs, boxs, boxw, boxw, m->sel->isfixed, 0);
      XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, m->barwins[1], m->wx + (m->ww - tw + x - s) / 2, m->by, s, bh);
      drw_map(drw, m->barwins[1], x, 0, w, bh);
    } else {
      drw_text(drw, x, 0, w, bh, lrpad / 2, "", 0);
      drw_map(drw, m->barwins[1], x, 0, w, bh);
      XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, m->barwins[1], m->wx + (m->ww - tw + x - bh) / 2, m->by, bh, bh);
    }
  }
}

void drawbars(void) {
  Monitor *m;

  for (m = mons; m; m = m->next) drawbar(m);
}

void enternotify(XEvent *e) {
  Client *c;
  Monitor *m;
  XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;

  if ((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root) return;
  c = wintoclient(ev->window);
  m = c ? c->mon : wintomon(ev->window);
  if (m != selmon) {
    unfocus(selmon->sel, 1);
    selmon = m;
  } else if (!c || c == selmon->sel)
    return;
  focus(c);
}

void expose(XEvent *e) {
  Monitor *m;
  XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;

  if (ev->count == 0 && (m = wintomon(ev->window))) drawbar(m);
}

void focus(Client *c) {
  if (!c || !ISVISIBLE(c))
    for (c = selmon->stack; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->snext);
  if (selmon->sel && selmon->sel != c) unfocus(selmon->sel, 0);
  if (c) {
    if (c->mon != selmon) selmon = c->mon;
    if (c->isurgent) seturgent(c, 0);
    detachstack(c);
    attachstack(c);
    grabbuttons(c, 1);
    XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, scheme[SchemeSel][ColBorder].pixel);
    setfocus(c);
  } else {
    XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
    XDeleteProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetActiveWindow]);
  }
  selmon->sel = c;
  drawbars();
}

/* there are some broken focus acquiring clients needing extra handling */
void focusin(XEvent *e) {
  XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;

  if (selmon->sel && ev->window != selmon->sel->win) setfocus(selmon->sel);
}

void focusmon(const Arg *arg) {
  Monitor *m;

  if (!mons->next) return;
  if ((m = dirtomon(arg->i)) == selmon) return;
  unfocus(selmon->sel, 0);
  selmon = m;
  focus(NULL);
}

void focusstack(const Arg *arg) {
  Client *c = NULL, *i;

  if (!selmon->sel || (selmon->sel->isfullscreen && lockfullscreen)) return;
  if (arg->i > 0) {
    for (c = selmon->sel->next; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
    if (!c)
      for (c = selmon->clients; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
  } else {
    for (i = selmon->clients; i != selmon->sel; i = i->next)
      if (ISVISIBLE(i)) c = i;
    if (!c)
      for (; i; i = i->next)
        if (ISVISIBLE(i)) c = i;
  }
  if (c) {
    focus(c);
    restack(selmon);
  }
}

Atom getatomprop(Client *c, Atom prop) {
  int di;
  unsigned long dl;
  unsigned char *p = NULL;
  Atom da, atom = None;

  if (XGetWindowProperty(dpy, c->win, prop, 0L, sizeof atom, False, XA_ATOM, &da, &di, &dl, &dl, &p) == Success && p) {
    atom = *(Atom *)p;
    XFree(p);
  }
  return atom;
}

Picture geticonprop(Window win, unsigned int *picw, unsigned int *pich) {
  Atom real;
  int format;
  unsigned long n, extra, *p = NULL;
  if (XGetWindowProperty(dpy, win, netatom[NetWMIcon], 0L, LONG_MAX, False, AnyPropertyType, &real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p) != Success || !n || format != 32) {
    XFree(p);
    return None;
  }

  unsigned long *bstp = NULL;
  uint32_t bstd = UINT32_MAX, w, h, sz;
  for (unsigned long *i = p, *end = p + n; i < end - 1; i += sz) {
    if (((w = *i++) >= 16384) || ((h = *i++) >= 16384) || (sz = w * h) > end - i) break;
    uint32_t diff = abs((int)MAX(w, h) - iconsize);
    if (diff < bstd) {
      bstd = diff;
      bstp = i;
    }
  }
  if (!bstp || !(w = bstp[-2]) || !(h = bstp[-1])) {
    XFree(p);
    return None;
  }

  *picw = w <= h ? MAX(w * iconsize / h, 1) : iconsize;
  *pich = w <= h ? iconsize : MAX(h * iconsize / w, 1);
  uint32_t i, a, *bstp32 = (uint32_t *)bstp;
  for (sz = w * h, i = 0, a = bstp[i]; i < sz; a = bstp[++i])
    bstp32[i] = ((((a >> 24u) * (a & 0xFF00FFu)) >> 8u) & 0xFF00FFu) | ((((a >> 24u) * (a & 0x00FF00u)) >> 8u) & 0x00FF00u) | (a & 0xFF000000);

  Picture ret = drw_picture_create_resized(drw, (char *)bstp, w, h, *picw, *pich);
  XFree(p);
  return ret;
}

int getrootptr(int *x, int *y) {
  int di;
  unsigned int dui;
  Window dummy;

  return XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, x, y, &di, &di, &dui);
}

long getstate(Window w) {
  int format;
  long result = -1;
  unsigned char *p = NULL;
  unsigned long n, extra;
  Atom real;

  if (XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState], &real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p) != Success) return -1;
  if (n != 0) result = *p;
  XFree(p);
  return result;
}

int gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
  char **list = NULL;
  int n;
  XTextProperty name;

  if (!text || size == 0) return 0;
  text[0] = '\0';
  if (!XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom) || !name.nitems) return 0;
  if (name.encoding == XA_STRING) {
    strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
  } else if (XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success && n > 0 && *list) {
    strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
    XFreeStringList(list);
  }
  text[size - 1] = '\0';
  XFree(name.value);
  return 1;
}

void grabbuttons(Client *c, int focused) {
  updatenumlockmask();
  {
    unsigned int i, j;
    unsigned int modifiers[] = {0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask | LockMask};
    XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
    if (!focused) XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK, GrabModeSync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
    for (i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
      if (buttons[i].click == ClkClientWin)
        for (j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
          XGrabButton(dpy, buttons[i].button, buttons[i].mask | modifiers[j], c->win, False, BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
  }
}

void grabkeys(void) {
  updatenumlockmask();
  {
    unsigned int i, j, k;
    unsigned int modifiers[] = {0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask | LockMask};
    int start, end, skip;
    KeySym *syms;

    XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
    XDisplayKeycodes(dpy, &start, &end);
    syms = XGetKeyboardMapping(dpy, start, end - start + 1, &skip);
    if (!syms) return;
    for (k = start; k <= end; k++)
      for (i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) /* skip modifier codes, we do that ourselves */
        if (keys[i].keysym == syms[(k - start) * skip])
          for (j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++) XGrabKey(dpy, k, keys[i].mod | modifiers[j], root, True, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
    XFree(syms);
  }
}

void incnmaster(const Arg *arg) {
  int n, a;
  Client *c;
  for (n = 0, c = nexttiled(selmon->clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), n++);
  a = MAX(MIN(selmon->nmaster + arg->i, n), 1);
  selmon->nmaster = selmon->pertag->nmasters[selmon->pertag->curtag] = n ? a : 1;
}

#ifdef XINERAMA
static int isuniquegeom(XineramaScreenInfo *unique, size_t n, XineramaScreenInfo *info) {
  while (n--)
    if (unique[n].x_org == info->x_org && unique[n].y_org == info->y_org && unique[n].width == info->width && unique[n].height == info->height) return 0;
  return 1;
}
#endif /* XINERAMA */

void keypress(XEvent *e) {
  unsigned int i;
  KeySym keysym;
  XKeyEvent *ev;

  ev = &e->xkey;
  keysym = XLookupKeysym(ev, 0);
  for (i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
    if (keysym == keys[i].keysym && CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state) && keys[i].func) keys[i].func(&(keys[i].arg));
}

void killclient(const Arg *arg) {
  if (!selmon->sel) return;
  if (!sendevent(selmon->sel, wmatom[WMDelete])) {
    XGrabServer(dpy);
    XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
    XSetCloseDownMode(dpy, DestroyAll);
    XKillClient(dpy, selmon->sel->win);
    XSync(dpy, False);
    XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
    XUngrabServer(dpy);
  }
}

void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
  Client *c, *t = NULL;
  Window trans = None;
  XWindowChanges wc;

  c = ecalloc(1, sizeof(Client));
  c->win = w;
  /* geometry */
  c->x = c->oldx = wa->x;
  c->y = c->oldy = wa->y;
  c->w = c->oldw = wa->width;
  c->h = c->oldh = wa->height;
  c->oldbw = wa->border_width;

  updateicon(c);
  updatetitle(c);
  if (XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans) && (t = wintoclient(trans))) {
    c->mon = t->mon;
    c->tags = t->tags;
  } else {
    c->mon = selmon;
    applyrules(c);
  }

  if (unmanaged) {
    XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
    switch (unmanaged) {
      case 1:
        XRaiseWindow(dpy, c->win);
        break;
      case 2:
        XLowerWindow(dpy, c->win);
        break;
    }
    updatewmhints(c);
    if (!c->neverfocus) XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
    sendevent(c, wmatom[WMTakeFocus]);
    free(c);
    unmanaged = 0;
    return;
  }

  if (c->x + WIDTH(c) > c->mon->wx + c->mon->ww) c->x = c->mon->wx + c->mon->ww - WIDTH(c);
  if (c->y + HEIGHT(c) > c->mon->wy + c->mon->wh) c->y = c->mon->wy + c->mon->wh - HEIGHT(c);
  c->x = MAX(c->x, c->mon->wx);
  c->y = MAX(c->y, c->mon->wy);
  c->bw = borderpx;

  wc.border_width = c->bw;
  XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
  XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, scheme[SchemeNorm][ColBorder].pixel);
  configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
  updatewindowtype(c);
  updatesizehints(c);
  updatewmhints(c);
  XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask | FocusChangeMask | PropertyChangeMask | StructureNotifyMask);
  grabbuttons(c, 0);
  if (!c->isfloating) c->isfloating = c->oldstate = trans != None || c->isfixed;
  if (c->isfloating) XRaiseWindow(dpy, c->win);
  attach(c);
  attachstack(c);
  XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetClientList], XA_WINDOW, 32, PropModeAppend, (unsigned char *)&(c->win), 1);
  XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
  setclientstate(c, NormalState);
  if (c->mon == selmon) unfocus(selmon->sel, 0);
  c->mon->sel = c;
  arrange(c->mon);
  XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
  focus(NULL);
}

void mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
  XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;

  XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
  if (ev->request == MappingKeyboard) grabkeys();
}

void maprequest(XEvent *e) {
  static XWindowAttributes wa;
  XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;

  if (!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa) || wa.override_redirect) return;
  if (!wintoclient(ev->window)) manage(ev->window, &wa);
}

void monocle(Monitor *m) {
  unsigned int n = 0;
  Client *c;

  for (c = m->clients; c; c = c->next)
    if (ISVISIBLE(c)) n++;
  if (n > 0) /* override layout symbol */
    strcpy(m->ltsymbol, monsyms[MIN(n, 10)]);
  for (c = nexttiled(m->clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next)) resize(c, m->wx, m->wy, m->ww - 2 * c->bw, m->wh - 2 * c->bw, 0);
}

void motionnotify(XEvent *e) {
  static Monitor *mon = NULL;
  Monitor *m;
  XMotionEvent *ev = &e->xmotion;

  if (ev->window != root) return;
  if ((m = recttomon(ev->x_root, ev->y_root, 1, 1)) != mon && mon) {
    unfocus(selmon->sel, 1);
    selmon = m;
    focus(NULL);
  }
  mon = m;
}

void movemouse(const Arg *arg) {
  int x, y, ocx, ocy, nx, ny;
  Client *c;
  Monitor *m;
  XEvent ev;
  Time lasttime = 0;

  if (!(c = selmon->sel)) return;
  if (c->isfullscreen) /* no support moving fullscreen windows by mouse */
    return;
  restack(selmon);
  ocx = c->x;
  ocy = c->y;
  if (XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync, None, cursor[CurMove]->cursor, CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess) return;
  if (!getrootptr(&x, &y)) return;
  do {
    XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK | ExposureMask | SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
    switch (ev.type) {
      case ConfigureRequest:
      case Expose:
      case MapRequest:
        handler[ev.type](&ev);
        break;
      case MotionNotify:
        if ((ev.xmotion.time - lasttime) <= (1000 / 60)) continue;
        lasttime = ev.xmotion.time;

        nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x);
        ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y);
        if (abs(selmon->wx - nx) < snap)
          nx = selmon->wx;
        else if (abs((selmon->wx + selmon->ww) - (nx + WIDTH(c))) < snap)
          nx = selmon->wx + selmon->ww - WIDTH(c);
        if (abs(selmon->wy - ny) < snap)
          ny = selmon->wy;
        else if (abs((selmon->wy + selmon->wh) - (ny + HEIGHT(c))) < snap)
          ny = selmon->wy + selmon->wh - HEIGHT(c);
        if (!c->isfloating && selmon->lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange && (abs(nx - c->x) > snap || abs(ny - c->y) > snap)) togglefloating(NULL);
        if (!selmon->lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating) resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, 1);
        break;
    }
  } while (ev.type != ButtonRelease);
  XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
  if ((m = recttomon(c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h)) != selmon) {
    sendmon(c, m);
    selmon = m;
    focus(NULL);
  }
}

Client *nexttiled(Client *c) {
  for (; c && (c->isfloating || !ISVISIBLE(c)); c = c->next);
  return c;
}

void pertagupdate(Monitor *m) {
  m->nmaster = m->pertag->nmasters[m->pertag->curtag];
  m->sellt = m->pertag->sellts[m->pertag->curtag];
  m->lt[m->sellt] = m->pertag->ltidxs[m->pertag->curtag][m->sellt];
  m->lt[m->sellt ^ 1] = m->pertag->ltidxs[m->pertag->curtag][m->sellt ^ 1];
}

void pop(Client *c) {
  detach(c);
  attach(c);
  focus(c);
  arrange(c->mon);
}

void propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
  Client *c;
  Window trans;
  XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;

  if ((ev->window == root) && (ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME))
    updatestatus();
  else if (ev->state == PropertyDelete)
    return; /* ignore */
  else if ((c = wintoclient(ev->window))) {
    switch (ev->atom) {
      default:
        break;
      case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
        if (!c->isfloating && (XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans)) && (c->isfloating = (wintoclient(trans)) != NULL)) arrange(c->mon);
        break;
      case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
        c->hintsvalid = 0;
        break;
      case XA_WM_HINTS:
        updatewmhints(c);
        drawbars();
        break;
    }
    if (ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
      updatetitle(c);
      if (c == c->mon->sel) drawbar(c->mon);
    } else if (ev->atom == netatom[NetWMIcon]) {
      updateicon(c);
      if (c == c->mon->sel) drawbar(c->mon);
    }
    if (ev->atom == netatom[NetWMWindowType]) updatewindowtype(c);
  }
}

void quit(const Arg *arg) {
  running = 0;
}

Monitor *recttomon(int x, int y, int w, int h) {
  Monitor *m, *r = selmon;
  int a, area = 0;

  for (m = mons; m; m = m->next)
    if ((a = INTERSECT(x, y, w, h, m)) > area) {
      area = a;
      r = m;
    }
  return r;
}

void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, int interact) {
  if (applysizehints(c, &x, &y, &w, &h, interact)) resizeclient(c, x, y, w, h);
}

void resizeclient(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h) {
  XWindowChanges wc;

  c->oldx = c->x;
  c->x = wc.x = x;
  c->oldy = c->y;
  c->y = wc.y = y;
  c->oldw = c->w;
  c->w = wc.width = w;
  c->oldh = c->h;
  c->h = wc.height = h;
  wc.border_width = c->bw;
  XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWX | CWY | CWWidth | CWHeight | CWBorderWidth, &wc);
  configure(c);
  XSync(dpy, False);
}

void resizemouse(const Arg *arg) {
  int ocx, ocy, nw, nh;
  Client *c;
  Monitor *m;
  XEvent ev;
  Time lasttime = 0;

  if (!(c = selmon->sel)) return;
  if (c->isfullscreen) /* no support resizing fullscreen windows by mouse */
    return;
  restack(selmon);
  ocx = c->x;
  ocy = c->y;
  if (XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync, None, cursor[CurResize]->cursor, CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess) return;
  XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
  do {
    XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK | ExposureMask | SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
    switch (ev.type) {
      case ConfigureRequest:
      case Expose:
      case MapRequest:
        handler[ev.type](&ev);
        break;
      case MotionNotify:
        if ((ev.xmotion.time - lasttime) <= (1000 / 60)) continue;
        lasttime = ev.xmotion.time;

        nw = MAX(ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
        nh = MAX(ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
        if (c->mon->wx + nw >= selmon->wx && c->mon->wx + nw <= selmon->wx + selmon->ww && c->mon->wy + nh >= selmon->wy && c->mon->wy + nh <= selmon->wy + selmon->wh) {
          if (!c->isfloating && selmon->lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange && (abs(nw - c->w) > snap || abs(nh - c->h) > snap)) togglefloating(NULL);
        }
        if (!selmon->lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating) resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, 1);
        break;
    }
  } while (ev.type != ButtonRelease);
  XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
  XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
  while (XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
  if ((m = recttomon(c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h)) != selmon) {
    sendmon(c, m);
    selmon = m;
    focus(NULL);
  }
}

void restack(Monitor *m) {
  Client *c;
  XEvent ev;
  XWindowChanges wc;

  drawbar(m);
  if (!m->sel) return;
  if (m->sel->isfloating || !m->lt[m->sellt]->arrange) XRaiseWindow(dpy, m->sel->win);
  if (m->lt[m->sellt]->arrange) {
    wc.stack_mode = Below;
    wc.sibling = m->barwins[0];
    for (c = m->stack; c; c = c->snext)
      if (!c->isfloating && ISVISIBLE(c)) {
        XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling | CWStackMode, &wc);
        wc.sibling = c->win;
      }
  }
  XSync(dpy, False);
  while (XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
}

void run(void) {
  XEvent ev;
  /* main event loop */
  XSync(dpy, False);
  while (running && !XNextEvent(dpy, &ev))
    if (handler[ev.type]) handler[ev.type](&ev); /* call handler */
}

void runAutostart(void) {
  char cmd[100];
  sprintf(cmd, "%s &", autostartscript);
  system(cmd);
}

void scan(void) {
  unsigned int i, num;
  Window d1, d2, *wins = NULL;
  XWindowAttributes wa;

  if (XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
    for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
      if (!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa) || wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)) continue;
      if (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState) manage(wins[i], &wa);
    }
    for (i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
      if (!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)) continue;
      if (XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1) && (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)) manage(wins[i], &wa);
    }
    if (wins) XFree(wins);
  }
}

void sendmon(Client *c, Monitor *m) {
  if (c->mon == m) return;
  unfocus(c, 1);
  detach(c);
  detachstack(c);
  c->mon = m;
  c->tags = m->tagset[m->seltags]; /* assign tags of target monitor */
  attach(c);
  attachstack(c);
  focus(NULL);
  arrange(NULL);
}

void setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
  long data[] = {state, None};

  XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32, PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
}

int sendevent(Client *c, Atom proto) {
  int n;
  Atom *protocols;
  int exists = 0;
  XEvent ev;

  if (XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
    while (!exists && n--) exists = protocols[n] == proto;
    XFree(protocols);
  }
  if (exists) {
    ev.type = ClientMessage;
    ev.xclient.window = c->win;
    ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
    ev.xclient.format = 32;
    ev.xclient.data.l[0] = proto;
    ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
    XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
  }
  return exists;
}

void setfocus(Client *c) {
  if (!c->neverfocus) {
    XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
    XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetActiveWindow], XA_WINDOW, 32, PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)&(c->win), 1);
  }
  sendevent(c, wmatom[WMTakeFocus]);
}

void setfullscreen(Client *c, int fullscreen) {
  if (fullscreen && !c->isfullscreen) {
    XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, netatom[NetWMState], XA_ATOM, 32, PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)&netatom[NetWMFullscreen], 1);
    c->isfullscreen = 1;
    c->oldstate = c->isfloating;
    c->oldbw = c->bw;
    c->bw = 0;
    c->isfloating = 1;
    resizeclient(c, c->mon->mx, c->mon->my, c->mon->mw, c->mon->mh);
    XRaiseWindow(dpy, c->win);
  } else if (!fullscreen && c->isfullscreen) {
    XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, netatom[NetWMState], XA_ATOM, 32, PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)0, 0);
    c->isfullscreen = 0;
    c->isfloating = c->oldstate;
    c->bw = c->oldbw;
    c->x = c->oldx;
    c->y = c->oldy;
    c->w = c->oldw;
    c->h = c->oldh;
    resizeclient(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
    arrange(c->mon);
  }
}

void setlayout(const Arg *arg) {
  if (!arg || !arg->v || arg->v != selmon->lt[selmon->sellt]) selmon->sellt = selmon->pertag->sellts[selmon->pertag->curtag] ^= 1;
  if (arg && arg->v) selmon->lt[selmon->sellt] = selmon->pertag->ltidxs[selmon->pertag->curtag][selmon->sellt] = (Layout *)arg->v;
  strncpy(selmon->ltsymbol, selmon->lt[selmon->sellt]->symbol, sizeof selmon->ltsymbol);
  if (selmon->sel)
    arrange(selmon);
  else
    drawbar(selmon);
}

/* arg > 1.0 will set mfact absolutely */
void setmfact(const Arg *arg) {
  float f;

  if (!arg || !selmon->lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange) return;
  f = arg->f < 1.0 ? arg->f + selmon->mfact : arg->f - 1.0;
  if (f < 0.05 || f > 0.95) return;
  selmon->mfact = f;
  arrange(selmon);
}

void setup(void) {
  int i;
  XSetWindowAttributes wa;
  Atom utf8string;
  struct sigaction sa;

  /* do not transform children into zombies when they terminate */
  sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
  sa.sa_flags = SA_NOCLDSTOP | SA_NOCLDWAIT | SA_RESTART;
  sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
  sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL);

  /* clean up any zombies (inherited from .xinitrc etc) immediately */
  while (waitpid(-1, NULL, WNOHANG) > 0);

  /* init screen */
  screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
  sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
  sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
  root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
  drw = drw_create(dpy, screen, root, sw, sh);
  if (!drw_fontset_create(drw, fonts, LENGTH(fonts))) die("no fonts could be loaded.");
  lrpad = drw->fonts->h;
  unmanaged = 0;
  bh = drw->fonts->h + 12;
  updategeom();
  /* init atoms */
  utf8string = XInternAtom(dpy, "UTF8_STRING", False);
  wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
  wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
  wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
  wmatom[WMTakeFocus] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_TAKE_FOCUS", False);
  netatom[NetActiveWindow] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW", False);
  netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
  netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
  netatom[NetWMIcon] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_ICON", False);
  netatom[NetWMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_STATE", False);
  netatom[NetWMCheck] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTING_WM_CHECK", False);
  netatom[NetWMFullscreen] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_STATE_FULLSCREEN", False);
  netatom[NetWMWindowType] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE", False);
  netatom[NetWMWindowTypeDialog] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DIALOG", False);
  netatom[NetClientList] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_CLIENT_LIST", False);
  /* init cursors */
  cursor[CurNormal] = drw_cur_create(drw, XC_left_ptr);
  cursor[CurResize] = drw_cur_create(drw, XC_sizing);
  cursor[CurMove] = drw_cur_create(drw, XC_fleur);
  /* init appearance */
  scheme = ecalloc(LENGTH(colors), sizeof(Clr *));
  for (i = 0; i < LENGTH(colors); i++) scheme[i] = drw_scm_create(drw, colors[i], 3);
  /* init bars */
  updatebars();
  updatestatus();
  /* supporting window for NetWMCheck */
  wmcheckwin = XCreateSimpleWindow(dpy, root, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0);
  XChangeProperty(dpy, wmcheckwin, netatom[NetWMCheck], XA_WINDOW, 32, PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)&wmcheckwin, 1);
  XChangeProperty(dpy, wmcheckwin, netatom[NetWMName], utf8string, 8, PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)"dwm", 3);
  XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetWMCheck], XA_WINDOW, 32, PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)&wmcheckwin, 1);
  /* EWMH support per view */
  XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32, PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)netatom, NetLast);
  XDeleteProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetClientList]);
  /* select events */
  wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal]->cursor;
  wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask | SubstructureNotifyMask | ButtonPressMask | PointerMotionMask | EnterWindowMask | /* add event mask */
  LeaveWindowMask | StructureNotifyMask | PropertyChangeMask;
  XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask | CWCursor, &wa);
  XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
  grabkeys();
  focus(NULL);
}

void seturgent(Client *c, int urg) {
  XWMHints *wmh;

  c->isurgent = urg;
  if (!(wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) return;
  wmh->flags = urg ? (wmh->flags | XUrgencyHint) : (wmh->flags & ~XUrgencyHint);
  XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
  XFree(wmh);
}

void showhide(Client *c) {
  if (!c) return;
  if (ISVISIBLE(c)) {
    /* show clients top down */
    XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
    if ((!c->mon->lt[c->mon->sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating) && !c->isfullscreen) resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, 0);
    showhide(c->snext);
  } else {
    /* hide clients bottom up */
    showhide(c->snext);
    XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, WIDTH(c) * -2, c->y);
  }
}

void spawn(const Arg *arg) {
  struct sigaction sa;

  if (arg->v == dmenucmd) dmenumon[0] = '0' + selmon->num;
  if (fork() == 0) {
    if (dpy) close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
    setsid();

    sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
    sa.sa_flags = 0;
    sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
    sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL);

    execvp(((char **)arg->v)[0], (char **)arg->v);
    die("dwm: execvp '%s' failed:", ((char **)arg->v)[0]);
  }
}

void tag(const Arg *arg) {
  if (selmon->sel && arg->ui & TAGMASK) {
    selmon->sel->isglobal = 0;
    selmon->sel->tags = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
    focus(NULL);
    arrange(selmon);
  }
}

void tagmon(const Arg *arg) {
  if (!selmon->sel || !mons->next) return;
  sendmon(selmon->sel, dirtomon(arg->i));
}

void tile(Monitor *m) {
  unsigned int i, n, mw, my, ty;
  unsigned int cx, cy, cw, ch;
  Client *c;

  for (n = 0, c = nexttiled(m->clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), n++);
  if (n == 0) return;

  mw = n > m->nmaster ? m->ww * m->mfact : m->ww;
  for (i = my = ty = 0, c = nexttiled(m->clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++)
    if (i < m->nmaster) {
      cx = m->wx;
      cy = m->wy + my;
      cw = mw;
      ch = (m->wh - my) / (m->nmaster - i);
      resize(c, cx, cy, cw - (2 * c->bw), ch - (2 * c->bw), 0);
      if (my + HEIGHT(c) < m->wh) my += HEIGHT(c);
    } else {
      cx = m->wx + mw;
      cy = m->wy + ty;
      cw = m->ww - mw;
      ch = (m->wh - ty) / (n - i);
      resize(c, cx, cy, cw - (2 * c->bw), ch - (2 * c->bw), 0);
      if (ty + HEIGHT(c) < m->wh) ty += HEIGHT(c);
    }
}

void togglebar(const Arg *arg) {
  selmon->showbar = !selmon->showbar;
  updatebarpos(selmon);
  int tw = TEXTW(stext) - lrpad + 2, x = selmon->pvx, s = selmon->pvs;
  XMoveWindow(dpy, selmon->barwins[0], selmon->wx, selmon->by);
  XMoveWindow(dpy, selmon->barwins[1], selmon->wx + (selmon->ww - tw + x - s) / 2, selmon->by);
  XMoveWindow(dpy, selmon->barwins[2], selmon->wx + selmon->ww - tw, selmon->by);
  arrange(selmon);
}

void togglefloating(const Arg *arg) {
  if (!selmon->sel) return;
  if (selmon->sel->isfullscreen) /* no support for fullscreen windows */
    return;
  selmon->sel->isfloating = !selmon->sel->isfloating || selmon->sel->isfixed;
  if (selmon->sel->isfloating) resize(selmon->sel, selmon->sel->x, selmon->sel->y, selmon->sel->w, selmon->sel->h, 0);
  arrange(selmon);
}

void toggleglobal(const Arg *arg) {
  if (!selmon->sel) return;
  selmon->sel->isglobal ^= 1;
  selmon->sel->tags = selmon->sel->isglobal ? 0 : selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags];
  focus(NULL);
}

void toggleview(const Arg *arg) {
  unsigned int newtagset = selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags] ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
  int i;
  if (newtagset) {
    selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags] = newtagset;
    incnmaster(&(Arg){.i = 0});
    if (!(newtagset & 1 << (selmon->pertag->curtag))) {
      for (i = 0; !(newtagset & 1 << i); i++);
      selmon->pertag->curtag = i;
    }
    pertagupdate(selmon);
    focus(NULL);
    arrange(selmon);
  }
}

void freeicon(Client *c) {
  if (c->icon) {
    XRenderFreePicture(dpy, c->icon);
    c->icon = None;
  }
}

void transfer(const Arg *arg) {
  Client *c, *mtail, *stail, *insertafter;
  int i, tostack;

  for (i = 0, c = nexttiled(selmon->clients); c; i++, c = nexttiled(c->next)) {
    if (c == selmon->sel) tostack = i < selmon->nmaster;
    if (i < selmon->nmaster) mtail = c;
    stail = c;
  }

  if (i == 0 || !selmon->sel || selmon->sel->isfloating) return;

  insertafter = tostack ? stail : mtail;
  incnmaster(&(Arg){.i = tostack ? -1 : +1});

  if (insertafter != selmon->sel) {
    detach(selmon->sel);
    selmon->sel->next = insertafter->next;
    insertafter->next = selmon->sel;
  }
  arrange(selmon);
}

void unfocus(Client *c, int setfocus) {
  if (!c) return;
  grabbuttons(c, 0);
  XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, scheme[SchemeNorm][ColBorder].pixel);
  if (setfocus) {
    XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
    XDeleteProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetActiveWindow]);
  }
}

void unmanage(Client *c, int destroyed) {
  Monitor *m = c->mon, *tmp;
  XWindowChanges wc;

  detach(c);
  detachstack(c);
  freeicon(c);

  tmp = selmon; /* cache selmon */
  selmon = c->mon;
  incnmaster(&(Arg){.i = 0});
  selmon = tmp; /* recover selmon */

  if (!destroyed) {
    wc.border_width = c->oldbw;
    XGrabServer(dpy); /* avoid race conditions */
    XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
    XSelectInput(dpy, c->win, NoEventMask);
    XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
    XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
    setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
    XSync(dpy, False);
    XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
    XUngrabServer(dpy);
  }
  free(c);
  focus(NULL);
  updateclientlist();
  arrange(m);
}

void unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
  Client *c;
  XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;

  if ((c = wintoclient(ev->window))) {
    if (ev->send_event)
      setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
    else
      unmanage(c, 0);
  }
}

void updatebars(void) {
  Monitor *m;
  XSetWindowAttributes wa = {.override_redirect = True, .background_pixmap = ParentRelative, .event_mask = ButtonPressMask | ExposureMask};
  XClassHint ch = {"dwm", "dwm"};
  for (m = mons; m; m = m->next) {
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
      if (m->barwins[i]) continue;
      m->barwins[i] = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, m->wx + m->ww, m->wy + m->wh, bh, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen), CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
                                    CWOverrideRedirect | CWBackPixmap | CWEventMask, &wa);
      XDefineCursor(dpy, m->barwins[i], cursor[CurNormal]->cursor);
      XMapRaised(dpy, m->barwins[i]);
      XSetClassHint(dpy, m->barwins[i], &ch);
    }
  }
}

void updatebarpos(Monitor *m) {
  /* padding x,y,w,h of MainWindow */
  m->wx = m->mx + sidepad;
  m->wy = m->my + sidepad;
  m->ww = m->mw - 2 * sidepad;
  m->wh = m->mh - 2 * sidepad;
  if (m->showbar) {
    m->wh -= bh + sidepad;
    m->by = m->topbar ? m->wy : m->wy + m->wh;
    m->wy = m->topbar ? m->wy + bh + sidepad : m->wy;
  } else
    m->by = -bh - sidepad;
}

void updateclientlist(void) {
  Client *c;
  Monitor *m;

  XDeleteProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetClientList]);
  for (m = mons; m; m = m->next)
    for (c = m->clients; c; c = c->next) XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetClientList], XA_WINDOW, 32, PropModeAppend, (unsigned char *)&(c->win), 1);
}

int updategeom(void) {
  int dirty = 0;

#ifdef XINERAMA
  if (XineramaIsActive(dpy)) {
    int i, j, n, nn;
    Client *c;
    Monitor *m;
    XineramaScreenInfo *info = XineramaQueryScreens(dpy, &nn);
    XineramaScreenInfo *unique = NULL;

    for (n = 0, m = mons; m; m = m->next, n++);
    /* only consider unique geometries as separate screens */
    unique = ecalloc(nn, sizeof(XineramaScreenInfo));
    for (i = 0, j = 0; i < nn; i++)
      if (isuniquegeom(unique, j, &info[i])) memcpy(&unique[j++], &info[i], sizeof(XineramaScreenInfo));
    XFree(info);
    nn = j;

    /* new monitors if nn > n */
    for (i = n; i < nn; i++) {
      for (m = mons; m && m->next; m = m->next);
      if (m)
        m->next = createmon();
      else
        mons = createmon();
    }
    for (i = 0, m = mons; i < nn && m; m = m->next, i++)
      if (i >= n || unique[i].x_org != m->mx || unique[i].y_org != m->my || unique[i].width != m->mw || unique[i].height != m->mh) {
        dirty = 1;
        m->num = i;
        m->mx = m->wx = unique[i].x_org;
        m->my = m->wy = unique[i].y_org;
        m->mw = m->ww = unique[i].width;
        m->mh = m->wh = unique[i].height;
        updatebarpos(m);
      }
    /* removed monitors if n > nn */
    for (i = nn; i < n; i++) {
      for (m = mons; m && m->next; m = m->next);
      while ((c = m->clients)) {
        dirty = 1;
        m->clients = c->next;
        detachstack(c);
        c->mon = mons;
        attach(c);
        attachstack(c);
      }
      if (m == selmon) selmon = mons;
      cleanupmon(m);
    }
    free(unique);
  } else
#endif /* XINERAMA */
  {    /* default monitor setup */
    if (!mons) mons = createmon();
    if (mons->mw != sw || mons->mh != sh) {
      dirty = 1;
      mons->mw = mons->ww = sw;
      mons->mh = mons->wh = sh;
      updatebarpos(mons);
      mons->pvx = mons->pvs = 0;
    }
  }
  if (dirty) {
    selmon = mons;
    selmon = wintomon(root);
  }
  return dirty;
}

void updatenumlockmask(void) {
  unsigned int i, j;
  XModifierKeymap *modmap;

  numlockmask = 0;
  modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
  for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
    for (j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++)
      if (modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j] == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock)) numlockmask = (1 << i);
  XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
}

void updatesizehints(Client *c) {
  long msize;
  XSizeHints size;

  if (!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize)) /* size is uninitialized, ensure that size.flags aren't used */
    size.flags = PSize;
  if (size.flags & PBaseSize) {
    c->basew = size.base_width;
    c->baseh = size.base_height;
  } else if (size.flags & PMinSize) {
    c->basew = size.min_width;
    c->baseh = size.min_height;
  } else
    c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
  if (size.flags & PResizeInc) {
    c->incw = size.width_inc;
    c->inch = size.height_inc;
  } else
    c->incw = c->inch = 0;
  if (size.flags & PMaxSize) {
    c->maxw = size.max_width;
    c->maxh = size.max_height;
  } else
    c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
  if (size.flags & PMinSize) {
    c->minw = size.min_width;
    c->minh = size.min_height;
  } else if (size.flags & PBaseSize) {
    c->minw = size.base_width;
    c->minh = size.base_height;
  } else
    c->minw = c->minh = 0;
  if (size.flags & PAspect) {
    c->mina = (float)size.min_aspect.y / size.min_aspect.x;
    c->maxa = (float)size.max_aspect.x / size.max_aspect.y;
  } else
    c->maxa = c->mina = 0.0;
  c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->maxh && c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
  c->hintsvalid = 1;
}

void updatestatus(void) {
  if (!gettextprop(root, XA_WM_NAME, stext, sizeof(stext))) strcpy(stext, "dwm-6.4");
  drawbar(selmon);
}

void updatetitle(Client *c) {
  if (!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name)) gettextprop(c->win, XA_WM_NAME, c->name, sizeof c->name);
  if (c->name[0] == '\0') /* hack to mark broken clients */
    strcpy(c->name, broken);
}

void updateicon(Client *c) {
  freeicon(c);
  c->icon = geticonprop(c->win, &c->icw, &c->ich);
}

void updatewindowtype(Client *c) {
  Atom state = getatomprop(c, netatom[NetWMState]);
  Atom wtype = getatomprop(c, netatom[NetWMWindowType]);

  if (state == netatom[NetWMFullscreen]) setfullscreen(c, 1);
  if (wtype == netatom[NetWMWindowTypeDialog]) c->isfloating = 1;
}

void updatewmhints(Client *c) {
  XWMHints *wmh;

  if ((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
    if (c == selmon->sel && wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) {
      wmh->flags &= ~XUrgencyHint;
      XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
    } else
      c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? 1 : 0;
    if (wmh->flags & InputHint)
      c->neverfocus = !wmh->input;
    else
      c->neverfocus = 0;
    XFree(wmh);
  }
}

void view(const Arg *arg) {
  unsigned int notsame = (arg->ui & TAGMASK) ^ selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags];
  int i;
  if (notsame) {
    selmon->seltags ^= 1;
    if (arg->ui & TAGMASK) {
      selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags] = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
      for (i = 0; !(arg->ui & 1 << i); i++);
      selmon->pertag->curtag = i;
    }
    pertagupdate(selmon);
    incnmaster(&(Arg){.i = 0});
    focus(NULL);
    arrange(selmon);
  }
}

void viewontag(const Arg *arg) {
  if (selmon->sel && arg->ui & TAGMASK) {
    selmon->sel->isglobal = 0;
    selmon->sel->tags = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
    view(arg);
  }
}

Client *wintoclient(Window w) {
  Client *c;
  Monitor *m;

  for (m = mons; m; m = m->next)
    for (c = m->clients; c; c = c->next)
      if (c->win == w) return c;
  return NULL;
}

Monitor *wintomon(Window w) {
  int x, y;
  Client *c;
  Monitor *m;

  if (w == root && getrootptr(&x, &y)) return recttomon(x, y, 1, 1);
  for (m = mons; m; m = m->next)
    if (w == m->barwins[0]) return m;
  if ((c = wintoclient(w))) return c->mon;
  return selmon;
}

/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's). Other types of errors call Xlibs
 * default error handler, which may call exit. */
int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
  if (ee->error_code == BadWindow || (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch) || (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable) ||
      (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable) || (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable) ||
      (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch) || (ee->request_code == X_GrabButton && ee->error_code == BadAccess) ||
      (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess) || (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
    return 0;
  fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n", ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
  return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
}

int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
  return 0;
}

/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
 * is already running. */
int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
  die("dwm: another window manager is already running");
  return -1;
}

void zoom(const Arg *arg) {
  Client *c = selmon->sel;

  if (!selmon->lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange || !c || c->isfloating) return;
  if (c == nexttiled(selmon->clients) && !(c = nexttiled(c->next))) return;
  pop(c);
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
  if (argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
    die("dwm-6.4");
  else if (argc != 1)
    die("usage: dwm [-v]");
  if (!setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "") || !XSupportsLocale()) fputs("warning: no locale support\n", stderr);
  if (!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(NULL))) die("dwm: cannot open display");
  checkotherwm();
  setup();
#ifdef __OpenBSD__
  if (pledge("stdio rpath proc exec", NULL) == -1) die("pledge");
#endif /* __OpenBSD__ */
  scan();
  runAutostart();
  run();
  cleanup();
  XCloseDisplay(dpy);
  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}