diff --git a/include/bitcoin/protocol/config/authority.hpp b/include/bitcoin/protocol/config/authority.hpp
index 2daa1bb..589ae41 100644
--- a/include/bitcoin/protocol/config/authority.hpp
+++ b/include/bitcoin/protocol/config/authority.hpp
@@ -19,11 +19,7 @@
 #ifndef LIBBITCOIN_PROTOCOL_CONFIG_AUTHORITY_HPP
 #define LIBBITCOIN_PROTOCOL_CONFIG_AUTHORITY_HPP
 
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <iostream>
 #include <memory>
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
 #include <bitcoin/system.hpp>
 #include <bitcoin/protocol/boost.hpp>
 #include <bitcoin/protocol/define.hpp>
diff --git a/include/bitcoin/protocol/config/endpoint.hpp b/include/bitcoin/protocol/config/endpoint.hpp
index 7c418c4..d94c560 100644
--- a/include/bitcoin/protocol/config/endpoint.hpp
+++ b/include/bitcoin/protocol/config/endpoint.hpp
@@ -19,11 +19,7 @@
 #ifndef LIBBITCOIN_PROTOCOL_CONFIG_ENDPOINT_HPP
 #define LIBBITCOIN_PROTOCOL_CONFIG_ENDPOINT_HPP
 
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <iostream>
 #include <memory>
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
 #include <bitcoin/system.hpp>
 #include <bitcoin/protocol/config/config.hpp>
 #include <bitcoin/protocol/define.hpp>
diff --git a/include/bitcoin/protocol/config/sodium.hpp b/include/bitcoin/protocol/config/sodium.hpp
index 6eb1842..108a5e2 100644
--- a/include/bitcoin/protocol/config/sodium.hpp
+++ b/include/bitcoin/protocol/config/sodium.hpp
@@ -19,9 +19,6 @@
 #ifndef LIBBITCOIN_PROTOCOL_CONFIG_SODIUM_HPP
 #define LIBBITCOIN_PROTOCOL_CONFIG_SODIUM_HPP
 
-#include <iostream>
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
 #include <bitcoin/system.hpp>
 #include <bitcoin/protocol/define.hpp>
 
diff --git a/include/bitcoin/protocol/settings.hpp b/include/bitcoin/protocol/settings.hpp
index 8adb99d..544cc9f 100644
--- a/include/bitcoin/protocol/settings.hpp
+++ b/include/bitcoin/protocol/settings.hpp
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 #ifndef LIBBITCOIN_PROTOCOL_SETTINGS_HPP
 #define LIBBITCOIN_PROTOCOL_SETTINGS_HPP
 
-#include <cstdint>
 #include <filesystem>
 #include <bitcoin/system.hpp>
 #include <bitcoin/protocol/define.hpp>
diff --git a/include/bitcoin/protocol/zmq/authenticator.hpp b/include/bitcoin/protocol/zmq/authenticator.hpp
index 2828894..32c022d 100644
--- a/include/bitcoin/protocol/zmq/authenticator.hpp
+++ b/include/bitcoin/protocol/zmq/authenticator.hpp
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 
 #include <memory>
 #include <shared_mutex>
-#include <string>
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <unordered_set>
 #include <bitcoin/system.hpp>
diff --git a/include/bitcoin/protocol/zmq/certificate.hpp b/include/bitcoin/protocol/zmq/certificate.hpp
index 72c0c2d..fbb2a38 100644
--- a/include/bitcoin/protocol/zmq/certificate.hpp
+++ b/include/bitcoin/protocol/zmq/certificate.hpp
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 #ifndef LIBBITCOIN_PROTOCOL_ZMQ_CERTIFICATE_HPP
 #define LIBBITCOIN_PROTOCOL_ZMQ_CERTIFICATE_HPP
 
-#include <string>
 #include <bitcoin/system.hpp>
 #include <bitcoin/protocol/config/config.hpp>
 #include <bitcoin/protocol/define.hpp>
diff --git a/include/bitcoin/protocol/zmq/context.hpp b/include/bitcoin/protocol/zmq/context.hpp
index 2cdc075..145c314 100644
--- a/include/bitcoin/protocol/zmq/context.hpp
+++ b/include/bitcoin/protocol/zmq/context.hpp
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
 #define LIBBITCOIN_PROTOCOL_ZMQ_CONTEXT_HPP
 
 #include <atomic>
-#include <cstdint>
 #include <memory>
 #include <shared_mutex>
 #include <bitcoin/system.hpp>
diff --git a/include/bitcoin/protocol/zmq/identifiers.hpp b/include/bitcoin/protocol/zmq/identifiers.hpp
index a2d73a1..67108fb 100644
--- a/include/bitcoin/protocol/zmq/identifiers.hpp
+++ b/include/bitcoin/protocol/zmq/identifiers.hpp
@@ -19,8 +19,6 @@
 #ifndef LIBBITCOIN_PROTOCOL_ZMQ_IDENTIFIER_HPP
 #define LIBBITCOIN_PROTOCOL_ZMQ_IDENTIFIER_HPP
 
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <vector>
 #include <bitcoin/protocol/define.hpp>
 
 namespace libbitcoin {
diff --git a/include/bitcoin/protocol/zmq/message.hpp b/include/bitcoin/protocol/zmq/message.hpp
index 58a4c31..e778376 100644
--- a/include/bitcoin/protocol/zmq/message.hpp
+++ b/include/bitcoin/protocol/zmq/message.hpp
@@ -19,9 +19,7 @@
 #ifndef LIBBITCOIN_PROTOCOL_ZMQ_MESSAGE_HPP
 #define LIBBITCOIN_PROTOCOL_ZMQ_MESSAGE_HPP
 
-#include <cstddef>
 #include <queue>
-#include <string>
 #include <bitcoin/system.hpp>
 #include <bitcoin/protocol/define.hpp>
 #include <bitcoin/protocol/zmq/error.hpp>
diff --git a/include/bitcoin/protocol/zmq/poller.hpp b/include/bitcoin/protocol/zmq/poller.hpp
index 2162159..38bbb2d 100644
--- a/include/bitcoin/protocol/zmq/poller.hpp
+++ b/include/bitcoin/protocol/zmq/poller.hpp
@@ -20,9 +20,7 @@
 #define LIBBITCOIN_PROTOCOL_ZMQ_POLLER_HPP
 
 #include <algorithm>
-#include <cstdint>
 #include <memory>
-#include <vector>
 #include <bitcoin/protocol/define.hpp>
 #include <bitcoin/protocol/zmq/identifiers.hpp>
 #include <bitcoin/protocol/zmq/socket.hpp>
diff --git a/include/bitcoin/protocol/zmq/socket.hpp b/include/bitcoin/protocol/zmq/socket.hpp
index 7ca2347..3e1cb7b 100644
--- a/include/bitcoin/protocol/zmq/socket.hpp
+++ b/include/bitcoin/protocol/zmq/socket.hpp
@@ -19,9 +19,7 @@
 #ifndef LIBBITCOIN_PROTOCOL_ZMQ_SOCKET_HPP
 #define LIBBITCOIN_PROTOCOL_ZMQ_SOCKET_HPP
 
-#include <cstdint>
 #include <memory>
-#include <string>
 #include <bitcoin/protocol/config/config.hpp>
 #include <bitcoin/protocol/define.hpp>
 #include <bitcoin/protocol/settings.hpp>
diff --git a/include/bitcoin/protocol/zmq/zeromq.hpp b/include/bitcoin/protocol/zmq/zeromq.hpp
index 61f446d..a66fed9 100644
--- a/include/bitcoin/protocol/zmq/zeromq.hpp
+++ b/include/bitcoin/protocol/zmq/zeromq.hpp
@@ -19,8 +19,6 @@
 #ifndef LIBBITCOIN_PROTOCOL_ZMQ_ZEROMQ_HPP
 #define LIBBITCOIN_PROTOCOL_ZMQ_ZEROMQ_HPP
 
-#include <cstddef>
-#include <cstdint>
 #if defined HAVE_MSC
     #include <winsock2.h>
 #endif
diff --git a/src/config/authority.cpp b/src/config/authority.cpp
index ad56e01..56fdb8e 100644
--- a/src/config/authority.cpp
+++ b/src/config/authority.cpp
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 #include <bitcoin/protocol/config/authority.hpp>
 
 #include <sstream>
-#include <string>
 #include <bitcoin/system.hpp>
 #include <bitcoin/protocol/boost.hpp>
 #include <bitcoin/protocol/network.hpp>
diff --git a/src/config/endpoint.cpp b/src/config/endpoint.cpp
index 55a5a34..9751007 100644
--- a/src/config/endpoint.cpp
+++ b/src/config/endpoint.cpp
@@ -18,9 +18,7 @@
  */
 #include <bitcoin/protocol/config/endpoint.hpp>
 
-#include <cstdint>
 #include <sstream>
-#include <string>
 #include <bitcoin/system.hpp>
 #include <bitcoin/protocol/boost.hpp>
 #include <bitcoin/protocol/config/authority.hpp>
diff --git a/src/config/sodium.cpp b/src/config/sodium.cpp
index 2d6053e..a220edf 100644
--- a/src/config/sodium.cpp
+++ b/src/config/sodium.cpp
@@ -19,9 +19,7 @@
 #include <bitcoin/protocol/config/sodium.hpp>
 
 #include <algorithm>
-#include <iostream>
 #include <sstream>
-#include <string>
 #include <bitcoin/system.hpp>
 #include <bitcoin/protocol/define.hpp>
 
diff --git a/src/settings.cpp b/src/settings.cpp
index d9f60d7..77c900b 100644
--- a/src/settings.cpp
+++ b/src/settings.cpp
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
  */
 #include <bitcoin/protocol/settings.hpp>
 
-#include <cstdint>
 #include <bitcoin/system.hpp>
 
 namespace libbitcoin {
diff --git a/src/zmq/authenticator.cpp b/src/zmq/authenticator.cpp
index 0b0dd65..3945634 100644
--- a/src/zmq/authenticator.cpp
+++ b/src/zmq/authenticator.cpp
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 #include <bitcoin/protocol/zmq/authenticator.hpp>
 
 #include <mutex>
-#include <string>
 #include <bitcoin/system.hpp>
 #include <bitcoin/protocol/config/config.hpp>
 #include <bitcoin/protocol/define.hpp>
diff --git a/src/zmq/certificate.cpp b/src/zmq/certificate.cpp
index 28bcfa8..4739bac 100644
--- a/src/zmq/certificate.cpp
+++ b/src/zmq/certificate.cpp
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
  */
 #include <bitcoin/protocol/zmq/certificate.hpp>
 
-#include <string>
 #include <bitcoin/system.hpp>
 #include <bitcoin/protocol/zmq/zeromq.hpp>
 
diff --git a/src/zmq/frame.cpp b/src/zmq/frame.cpp
index b79b483..25d4193 100644
--- a/src/zmq/frame.cpp
+++ b/src/zmq/frame.cpp
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
  */
 #include <bitcoin/protocol/zmq/frame.hpp>
 
-#include <cstdint>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <iterator>
 #include <bitcoin/system.hpp>
diff --git a/src/zmq/message.cpp b/src/zmq/message.cpp
index f64a49b..144dac2 100644
--- a/src/zmq/message.cpp
+++ b/src/zmq/message.cpp
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 #include <bitcoin/protocol/zmq/message.hpp>
 
 #include <algorithm>
-#include <string>
 #include <utility>
 #include <bitcoin/system.hpp>
 #include <bitcoin/protocol/zmq/error.hpp>
diff --git a/src/zmq/poller.cpp b/src/zmq/poller.cpp
index bb379f5..a83bebf 100644
--- a/src/zmq/poller.cpp
+++ b/src/zmq/poller.cpp
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
  */
 #include <bitcoin/protocol/zmq/poller.hpp>
 
-#include <cstdint>
 #include <bitcoin/system.hpp>
 #include <bitcoin/protocol/zmq/identifiers.hpp>
 #include <bitcoin/protocol/zmq/socket.hpp>
diff --git a/src/zmq/socket.cpp b/src/zmq/socket.cpp
index 22086e5..67a4d08 100644
--- a/src/zmq/socket.cpp
+++ b/src/zmq/socket.cpp
@@ -19,8 +19,6 @@
 #include <bitcoin/protocol/zmq/socket.hpp>
 
 #include <algorithm>
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <string>
 #include <bitcoin/system.hpp>
 #include <bitcoin/protocol/config/config.hpp>
 #include <bitcoin/protocol/define.hpp>
diff --git a/src/zmq/worker.cpp b/src/zmq/worker.cpp
index c6a6236..3ad4f5e 100644
--- a/src/zmq/worker.cpp
+++ b/src/zmq/worker.cpp
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
  */
 #include <bitcoin/protocol/zmq/worker.hpp>
 
-#include <functional>
 #include <future>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <bitcoin/system.hpp>
diff --git a/test/test.cpp b/test/test.cpp
index eb91ae1..afbdf69 100644
--- a/test/test.cpp
+++ b/test/test.cpp
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 #include "test.hpp"
 
 #include <filesystem>
-#include <iostream>
 #include <bitcoin/protocol.hpp>
 
 // copied from libbitcoin-system-test
diff --git a/test/test.hpp b/test/test.hpp
index 9b7bb2a..b1ce690 100644
--- a/test/test.hpp
+++ b/test/test.hpp
@@ -21,10 +21,7 @@
 
 #include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp>
 
-#include <array>
 #include <filesystem>
-#include <iostream>
-#include <vector>
 #include <bitcoin/protocol.hpp>
 
  // copied from libbitcoin-system-test
diff --git a/test/utility.hpp b/test/utility.hpp
index d0a33cd..7f17ef8 100644
--- a/test/utility.hpp
+++ b/test/utility.hpp
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 #ifndef LIBBITCOIN_PROTOCOL_TEST_UTILITY_HPP
 #define LIBBITCOIN_PROTOCOL_TEST_UTILITY_HPP
 
-#include <cstddef>
 #include <future>
 #include <thread>
 #include <utility>