Logging and spans via thread-local storage #21163

Job	Run time
benchmark	4m 59s
ext-test	5m 36s
build (windows-latest, stable)	2m 8s
build (self-hosted, beta)	1m 5s
build (self-hosted, stable)	1m 4s
build (self-hosted, 1.75.0)	46s
build (macos-latest, stable)	1m 17s
build (macos-latest, 1.75.0)	59s
check_docs	45s
check_release	52s
fuzz	3m 54s
build-tx-sync (macos-latest, stable)	1m 2s
build-tx-sync (ubuntu-latest, 1.75.0)	33s
build-tx-sync (ubuntu-latest, stable)	40s
linting	47s
build-tx-sync (ubuntu-latest, beta)	40s
build-tx-sync (macos-latest, 1.75.0)	50s
rustfmt	16s
build-tx-sync (macos-latest, beta)	1m 8s
coverage	0s
	29m 21s

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