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some cleaning before the release
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Calorimeter/FCAL/FCAL.tex

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Ongoing further work will focus on the ethernet transmission.The higher level DAQ will depend on the functionality of the
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data concentrator. For the readout of test-beam data software is developed, mainly by the University of Tel Aviv,
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which can be easily adopted. For the final device FCAL will follow the developments of a common DAQ for all detectors.
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\subsection{Applications Outside of Linear Colliders}
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The expertise acquired within FCAL for radiation hard sensors and fast front-end electronics was
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used to build, commission and operate fast
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beam-conditions monitors at the CMS experiment at LHC.
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Radiation hard sensors developed within FCAL are used as beam-loss monitors
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with excellent time resolution at FLASH, XFEL and LHC.
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In addition, front-end ASICs are under development for the upgrade of the LHCb tracker.

Spinoffs/Spinoffs.tex

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This work represents a significant step in the aggressive integration of silicon sensors with readout electronics, just short of integrating the electronics directly into the sensors. It has prompted consideration of this approach by CMS for calorimetry and by ATLAS for a muon system. It may have applications in sensors for light sources as well as other particle physics detectors.
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\section{Gaseous Tracking}
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Since its foundation in 2008, the RD51 collaboration has provided important stimulus for the development of MPGDs. While a number of the MPGD technologies were introduced before RD51 was founded, with more techniques becoming available or affordable, new detection concepts are still being introduced, and existing ones are substantially improved. Originally created for a five-year term, RD51 was recently prolonged for a third five years term beyond 2019~\cite{DallaTorre:2018ttn,RD51Collaboration}.
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\subsection{Resistive Micromegas}
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The ND280 TPC at KEK uses the technology developed for ILC.
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A strong effort is pursued to develop detectors with similar technology for other applications such as

Tracker/TPC_Bonn/TPC_Bonn.tex

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additional charge-spreading mechanism was necessary, even for \SI{1}{mm} pads. Such a method was introduced by the Carleton group, using a superposition of an insulator and a resistive cover. This arrangement provides a continuous Resistor-Capacitance (RC) network over the surface which spreads the charge around the avalanche. The induced
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signal is measured, shaped and digitized by the electronics connected to each pad. Note that this technique is applicable also to GEMs and allows pad widths of 2, 3 or more mm.
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A higher density of the electronics might be necessary, to mitigate the background at small radius and to improve two-track separation
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where the track density is highest, as well as the fake hit density. This can be done by switching to the \SI{65}{nm} technology for the
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chip design. Though the present consumption is rather moderate (\SI{15}{mW/channel}), a suitable power-pulsing operation should be adapted.
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Early estimates show that such a system can be designed, but requires a careful balance between power saving and increased complexity.
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At the beginning of the years 2000, several small prototypes were built in Aachen, Amsterdam, Saclay-Orsay with a Berkeley electronics, DESY, Munich, Karlsruhe, Carleton, Victoria, Saga, KEK, Tsinghua, to study various aspects of the GEM and Micromegas technology. Ion feed-back was studied, resolution was measured in various prototypes, and the possible gases were studied. The fundamental proof was made that a TPC with MPGD readout can be operated stably, and can reach intrinsically the anticipated resolutions.
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Then, in 2004, part of the nascent collaboration gathered around a \SI{5}{GeV} pion beam and cosmic-ray tests at KEK. The detector was immersed in a \SI{1}{T} magnetic field from a permanent-current superconducting magnet. The \SI{25}{cm} drift field cage was designed in Munich and electronics was recuperated from ALEPH. Several endplates were adapted to this cage with wires, Micromegas (without resistive foil) and GEM technologies. In 2006 the Carleton \SI{16}{cm} drift length prototype with a Micromegas resistive foil took data simultaneously with the Munich prototype.

Tracker/TPC_Bonn/micromegas.tex

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than the Dupont Carbon-loaded Kapton. These two modules showed identical performance as the other modules.
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\subsection{Engineering Challenges}
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First paragraph to be moved to electronic section...
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A higher density of the electronics might be necessary, to mitigate the background at small radius and to improve two-track separation
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where the track density is highest, as well as the fake hit density. This can be done by switching to the \SI{65}{nm} technology for the
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chip design. Though the present consumption is rather moderate (\SI{15}{mW/channel}), a suitable power-pulsing operation should be adapted.
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Early estimates show that such a system can be designed, but requires a careful balance between power saving and increased complexity.
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Special care will have to be given to the design of the edge of the modules, to have a uniform potential on the exposed surface of the pad while the boarders of the modules must be grounded.
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The adaptation of a gating device at a few cm from the end-plate, or integrated to each module, is a

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