Don't strip binaries (#3866)

## Motivation

We need the debug symbols in general, but we'll also require this once I add Pyroscope back

## Proposal

Stop stripping binaries, so that we have debug symbols in production

## Test Plan

CI

## Release Plan

- Nothing to do / These changes follow the usual release cycle.

Author: ndr-ds

docker/Dockerfile

@@ -77,8 +77,6 @@ RUN mv \
     target/"$target"/"$build_folder"/linera-server \
     ./
 
-RUN strip linera linera-proxy linera-server
-
 # Optionally copy binaries instead of using the build images above
 FROM scratch AS builder_copy
 ARG binaries