[libc] Add printf strerror conversion (%m) (llvm#105891)

This patch adds the %m conversion to printf, which prints the
strerror(errno). Explanation of why is below, this patch also updates
the docs, tests, and build system to accomodate this.

The standard for syslog in posix specifies it uses the same format as
printf, but adds %m which prints the error message string for the
current value of errno. For ease of implementation, it's standard
practice for libc implementers to just add %m to printf instead of
creating a separate parser for syslog.

Author: michaelrj-google

libc/config/baremetal/config.json

@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@
     },
     "LIBC_CONF_PRINTF_FLOAT_TO_STR_USE_MEGA_LONG_DOUBLE_TABLE": {
       "value": false
+    },
+    "LIBC_CONF_PRINTF_DISABLE_STRERROR": {
+      "value": true
     }
   },
   "qsort": {

libc/config/config.json

@@ -25,6 +25,10 @@
     "LIBC_CONF_PRINTF_DISABLE_FIXED_POINT": {
       "value": false,
       "doc": "Disable printing fixed point values in printf and friends."
+    },
+    "LIBC_CONF_PRINTF_DISABLE_STRERROR": {
+      "value": false,
+      "doc": "Disable handling of %m to print strerror in printf and friends."
     }
   },
   "scanf": {

libc/config/gpu/config.json

@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@
     },
     "LIBC_CONF_PRINTF_FLOAT_TO_STR_USE_MEGA_LONG_DOUBLE_TABLE": {
       "value": false
+    },
+    "LIBC_CONF_PRINTF_DISABLE_STRERROR": {
+      "value": true
     }
   },
   "scanf": {

libc/docs/configure.rst

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ to learn about the defaults for your platform and target.
     - ``LIBC_CONF_PRINTF_DISABLE_FIXED_POINT``: Disable printing fixed point values in printf and friends.
     - ``LIBC_CONF_PRINTF_DISABLE_FLOAT``: Disable printing floating point values in printf and friends.
     - ``LIBC_CONF_PRINTF_DISABLE_INDEX_MODE``: Disable index mode in the printf format string.
+    - ``LIBC_CONF_PRINTF_DISABLE_STRERROR``: Disable handling of %m to print strerror in printf and friends.
     - ``LIBC_CONF_PRINTF_DISABLE_WRITE_INT``: Disable handling of %n in printf format string.
     - ``LIBC_CONF_PRINTF_FLOAT_TO_STR_USE_MEGA_LONG_DOUBLE_TABLE``: Use large table for better printf long double performance.
 * **"pthread" options**

libc/docs/dev/printf_behavior.rst

@@ -213,3 +213,15 @@ The %r, %R, %k, and %K fixed point number format specifiers are accepted as
 defined in ISO/IEC TR 18037 (the fixed point number extension). These are
 available when the compiler is detected as having support for fixed point
 numbers and the LIBC_COPT_PRINTF_DISABLE_FIXED_POINT flag is not set.
+
+The %m conversion will behave as specified by POSIX for syslog: It takes no
+arguments, and outputs the result of strerror(errno). Additionally, to match
+existing printf behaviors, it will behave as if it is a %s string conversion for
+the purpose of all options, except for the alt form flag. If the alt form flag
+is specified, %m will instead output a string matching the macro name of the
+value of errno (e.g. "ERANGE" for errno = ERANGE), again treating it as a string
+conversion. If there is no corresponding macro, then alt form %m will print the
+value of errno as an integer with the %d format, including all options. If
+errno = 0 and alt form is specified, the conversion will be a string conversion
+on "0" for simplicity of implementation. This matches what other libcs
+implementing this feature have done.

libc/src/__support/StringUtil/error_to_string.cpp

@@ -45,7 +45,10 @@ constexpr size_t TOTAL_STR_LEN = total_str_len(PLATFORM_ERRORS);
 constexpr size_t ERR_ARRAY_SIZE = max_key_val(PLATFORM_ERRORS) + 1;
 
 constexpr MessageMapper<ERR_ARRAY_SIZE, TOTAL_STR_LEN>
-    error_mapper(PLATFORM_ERRORS);
+    ERROR_MAPPER(PLATFORM_ERRORS);
+
+constexpr MessageMapper<ERR_ARRAY_SIZE, TOTAL_STR_LEN>
+    ERRNO_NAME_MAPPER(PLATFORM_ERRNO_NAMES);
 
 cpp::string_view build_error_string(int err_num, cpp::span<char> buffer) {
   // if the buffer can't hold "Unknown error" + ' ' + num_str, then just
@@ -68,11 +71,15 @@ cpp::string_view get_error_string(int err_num) {
 }
 
 cpp::string_view get_error_string(int err_num, cpp::span<char> buffer) {
-  auto opt_str = internal::error_mapper.get_str(err_num);
+  auto opt_str = internal::ERROR_MAPPER.get_str(err_num);
   if (opt_str)
     return *opt_str;
   else
     return internal::build_error_string(err_num, buffer);
 }
 
+cpp::optional<cpp::string_view> try_get_errno_name(int err_num) {
+  return internal::ERRNO_NAME_MAPPER.get_str(err_num);
+}
+
 } // namespace LIBC_NAMESPACE_DECL

libc/src/__support/StringUtil/error_to_string.h

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #ifndef LLVM_LIBC_SRC___SUPPORT_STRINGUTIL_ERROR_TO_STRING_H
 #define LLVM_LIBC_SRC___SUPPORT_STRINGUTIL_ERROR_TO_STRING_H
 
+#include "src/__support/CPP/optional.h"
 #include "src/__support/CPP/span.h"
 #include "src/__support/CPP/string_view.h"
 #include "src/__support/macros/config.h"
@@ -19,6 +20,8 @@ cpp::string_view get_error_string(int err_num);
 
 cpp::string_view get_error_string(int err_num, cpp::span<char> buffer);
 
+cpp::optional<cpp::string_view> try_get_errno_name(int err_num);
+
 } // namespace LIBC_NAMESPACE_DECL
 
 #endif // LLVM_LIBC_SRC___SUPPORT_STRINGUTIL_ERROR_TO_STRING_H

libc/src/__support/StringUtil/tables/linux_extension_errors.h

@@ -71,6 +71,61 @@ constexpr MsgTable<52> LINUX_ERRORS = {
     MsgMapping(EHWPOISON, "Memory page has hardware error"),
 };
 
+constexpr MsgTable<52> LINUX_ERRNO_NAMES = {
+    MsgMapping(ENOTBLK, "ENOTBLK"),
+    MsgMapping(ECHRNG, "ECHRNG"),
+    MsgMapping(EL2NSYNC, "EL2NSYNC"),
+    MsgMapping(EL3HLT, "EL3HLT"),
+    MsgMapping(EL3RST, "EL3RST"),
+    MsgMapping(ELNRNG, "ELNRNG"),
+    MsgMapping(EUNATCH, "EUNATCH"),
+    MsgMapping(ENOCSI, "ENOCSI"),
+    MsgMapping(EL2HLT, "EL2HLT"),
+    MsgMapping(EBADE, "EBADE"),
+    MsgMapping(EBADR, "EBADR"),
+    MsgMapping(EXFULL, "EXFULL"),
+    MsgMapping(ENOANO, "ENOANO"),
+    MsgMapping(EBADRQC, "EBADRQC"),
+    MsgMapping(EBADSLT, "EBADSLT"),
+    MsgMapping(EBFONT, "EBFONT"),
+    MsgMapping(ENONET, "ENONET"),
+    MsgMapping(ENOPKG, "ENOPKG"),
+    MsgMapping(EREMOTE, "EREMOTE"),
+    MsgMapping(EADV, "EADV"),
+    MsgMapping(ESRMNT, "ESRMNT"),
+    MsgMapping(ECOMM, "ECOMM"),
+    MsgMapping(EDOTDOT, "EDOTDOT"),
+    MsgMapping(ENOTUNIQ, "ENOTUNIQ"),
+    MsgMapping(EBADFD, "EBADFD"),
+    MsgMapping(EREMCHG, "EREMCHG"),
+    MsgMapping(ELIBACC, "ELIBACC"),
+    MsgMapping(ELIBBAD, "ELIBBAD"),
+    MsgMapping(ELIBSCN, "ELIBSCN"),
+    MsgMapping(ELIBMAX, "ELIBMAX"),
+    MsgMapping(ELIBEXEC, "ELIBEXEC"),
+    MsgMapping(ERESTART, "ERESTART"),
+    MsgMapping(ESTRPIPE, "ESTRPIPE"),
+    MsgMapping(EUSERS, "EUSERS"),
+    MsgMapping(ESOCKTNOSUPPORT, "ESOCKTNOSUPPORT"),
+    MsgMapping(EPFNOSUPPORT, "EPFNOSUPPORT"),
+    MsgMapping(ESHUTDOWN, "ESHUTDOWN"),
+    MsgMapping(ETOOMANYREFS, "ETOOMANYREFS"),
+    MsgMapping(EHOSTDOWN, "EHOSTDOWN"),
+    MsgMapping(EUCLEAN, "EUCLEAN"),
+    MsgMapping(ENOTNAM, "ENOTNAM"),
+    MsgMapping(ENAVAIL, "ENAVAIL"),
+    MsgMapping(EISNAM, "EISNAM"),
+    MsgMapping(EREMOTEIO, "EREMOTEIO"),
+    MsgMapping(ENOMEDIUM, "ENOMEDIUM"),
+    MsgMapping(EMEDIUMTYPE, "EMEDIUMTYPE"),
+    MsgMapping(ENOKEY, "ENOKEY"),
+    MsgMapping(EKEYEXPIRED, "EKEYEXPIRED"),
+    MsgMapping(EKEYREVOKED, "EKEYREVOKED"),
+    MsgMapping(EKEYREJECTED, "EKEYREJECTED"),
+    MsgMapping(ERFKILL, "ERFKILL"),
+    MsgMapping(EHWPOISON, "EHWPOISON"),
+};
+
 } // namespace LIBC_NAMESPACE_DECL
 
 #endif // LLVM_LIBC_SRC___SUPPORT_STRINGUTIL_TABLES_LINUX_EXTENSION_ERRORS_H

libc/src/__support/StringUtil/tables/linux_platform_errors.h

@@ -19,6 +19,9 @@ namespace LIBC_NAMESPACE_DECL {
 LIBC_INLINE_VAR constexpr auto PLATFORM_ERRORS =
     STDC_ERRORS + POSIX_ERRORS + LINUX_ERRORS;
 
+LIBC_INLINE_VAR constexpr auto PLATFORM_ERRNO_NAMES =
+    STDC_ERRNO_NAMES + POSIX_ERRNO_NAMES + LINUX_ERRNO_NAMES;
+
 } // namespace LIBC_NAMESPACE_DECL
 
 #endif // LLVM_LIBC_SRC___SUPPORT_STRINGUTIL_TABLES_LINUX_PLATFORM_ERRORS_H

libc/src/__support/StringUtil/tables/minimal_platform_errors.h

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ namespace LIBC_NAMESPACE_DECL {
 
 LIBC_INLINE_VAR constexpr auto PLATFORM_ERRORS = STDC_ERRORS;
 
+LIBC_INLINE_VAR constexpr auto PLATFORM_ERRNO_NAMES = STDC_ERRNO_NAMES;
+
 } // namespace LIBC_NAMESPACE_DECL
 
 #endif // LLVM_LIBC_SRC___SUPPORT_STRINGUTIL_TABLES_MINIMAL_PLATFORM_ERRORS_H