[Clang] Forward arguments to the device compiler better

Summary:
Currently we have a subset of arguments that are handled specially to
keep them consistent between host and device compiles, however, this is
extremely hacky as it only works on a few predetermined options. This is
a holdover from the days before the linker wrapper shuttled all of its
arguments through `clang`. Now that we just use clang, all we need to do
is just use the `--device-compiler=` option to forward it there and let
the normal toolchain handle it.

For example,
```console
clang -fopenmp --offload-arch=gfx1030,sm_89 -Xarch_nvptx64 -O3 -foffload-lto
```
will forward the `-O3` to the LTO compilation only for the NVPTX
compilation.

Author: jhuber6