[clang] fix nondeduced mismatch with nullptr template arguments

In deduction, when comparing template arguments of value kind,
we should check if the value matches. Values of different types can
still match. For example, `short(0)` matches `int(0)`.

Values of nullptr kind always match each other, since there is only
one such possible value. Similarly to integrals, the type does not
matter.

Author: mizvekov

clang/docs/ReleaseNotes.rst

@@ -1037,6 +1037,7 @@ Bug Fixes to C++ Support
 - Fix template argument checking so that converted template arguments are
   converted again. This fixes some issues with partial ordering involving
   template template parameters with non-type template parameters.
+- Fix nondeduced mismatch with nullptr template arguments.
 - Clang now rejects declaring an alias template with the same name as its template parameter. (#GH123423)
 - Fixed the rejection of valid code when referencing an enumerator of an unscoped enum member with a prior declaration. (#GH124405)
 - Fixed immediate escalation of non-dependent expressions. (#GH123405)

clang/lib/Sema/SemaTemplateDeduction.cpp

@@ -2541,10 +2541,9 @@ DeduceTemplateArguments(Sema &S, TemplateParameterList *TemplateParams,
     return TemplateDeductionResult::NonDeducedMismatch;
 
   case TemplateArgument::NullPtr:
-    if (A.getKind() == TemplateArgument::NullPtr &&
-        S.Context.hasSameType(P.getNullPtrType(), A.getNullPtrType()))
+    // 'nullptr' has only one possible value, so it always matches.
+    if (A.getKind() == TemplateArgument::NullPtr)
       return TemplateDeductionResult::Success;
-
     Info.FirstArg = P;
     Info.SecondArg = A;
     return TemplateDeductionResult::NonDeducedMismatch;
@@ -2559,6 +2558,8 @@ DeduceTemplateArguments(Sema &S, TemplateParameterList *TemplateParams,
     return TemplateDeductionResult::NonDeducedMismatch;
 
   case TemplateArgument::StructuralValue:
+    // FIXME: structural equality will also compare types,
+    // but they should match iff they have the same value.
     if (A.getKind() == TemplateArgument::StructuralValue &&
         A.structurallyEquals(P))
       return TemplateDeductionResult::Success;

clang/test/SemaTemplate/cwg2398.cpp

@@ -697,15 +697,11 @@ namespace nttp_partial_order {
     template void f<B>(B<&A::m>);
   } // namespace t5
   namespace t6 {
-    // FIXME: This should pick the second overload.
     struct A {};
     using nullptr_t = decltype(nullptr);
     template<template<nullptr_t> class TT2> void f(TT2<nullptr>);
-    // new-note@-1 {{here}}
     template<template<A*>        class TT1> void f(TT1<nullptr>) {}
-    // new-note@-1 {{here}}
     template<A*> struct B {};
     template void f<B>(B<nullptr>);
-    // new-error@-1 {{ambiguous}}
   } // namespace t6
 } // namespace nttp_partial_order