[regex] fix uncaught exception when string is like "\\_"

fixes #129062

Author: Zhenhang1213

libcxx/include/regex

@@ -3955,7 +3955,7 @@ _ForwardIterator basic_regex<_CharT, _Traits>::__parse_character_escape(
       ++__first;
       break;
     default:
-      if (*__first != '_' && !__traits_.isctype(*__first, ctype_base::alnum)) {
+      if (!__traits_.isctype(*__first, ctype_base::alnum)) {
         if (__str)
           *__str = *__first;
         else

libcxx/test/std/re/re.alg/re.alg.match/ecma.pass.cpp

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //
 
+// XFAIL: FROZEN-CXX03-HEADERS-FIXME
+
 // <regex>
 
 // template <class BidirectionalIterator, class Allocator, class charT, class traits>
@@ -669,6 +671,21 @@ int main(int, char**)
         assert(m.position(0) == 0);
         assert(m.str(0) == s);
     }
+    {
+      std::cmatch m;
+      const char s[] = "$_se";
+      assert(std::regex_match(s, m, std::regex("\\$\\_se")));
+      assert(m.size() == 1);
+      assert(!m.prefix().matched);
+      assert(m.prefix().first == s);
+      assert(m.prefix().second == m[0].first);
+      assert(!m.suffix().matched);
+      assert(m.suffix().first == m[0].second);
+      assert(m.suffix().second == s + std::char_traits<char>::length(s));
+      assert(m.length(0) >= 0 && static_cast<size_t>(m.length(0)) == std::char_traits<char>::length(s));
+      assert(m.position(0) == 0);
+      assert(m.str(0) == s);
+    }
 
 #ifndef TEST_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
     {