[regex] fix uncaught exception when string is like "\\_"

fixes #129062

Author: Zhenhang1213

libcxx/include/regex

@@ -3954,7 +3954,7 @@ _ForwardIterator basic_regex<_CharT, _Traits>::__parse_character_escape(
       ++__first;
       break;
     default:
-      if (*__first != '_' && !__traits_.isctype(*__first, ctype_base::alnum)) {
+      if (!__traits_.isctype(*__first, ctype_base::alnum)) {
         if (__str)
           *__str = *__first;
         else

libcxx/test/std/re/re.regex/re.regex.construct/ptr.pass.cpp

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ int main(int, char**)
     test("\\(a[bc]\\)", 0);
     test("\\(a\\([bc]\\)\\)", 0);
     test("(a([bc]))", 2);
+    test("\\$\\_se", 0);
 
   return 0;
 }