[Clang] Fix the source location of default template arguments in placeholder constraints

We discovered this issue while working on the concept normalization
refactoring. We missed the source location when diagnosing the instantiation
point of the placeholder constraints, which happened in the substitution of
default template arguments that happened earlier than constraint evaluation.

Author: zyn0217

clang/lib/Sema/SemaTemplateDeduction.cpp

@@ -5180,7 +5180,7 @@ static bool CheckDeducedPlaceholderConstraints(Sema &S, const AutoType &Type,
     TemplateArgs.addArgument(TypeLoc.getArgLoc(I));
 
   Sema::CheckTemplateArgumentInfo CTAI;
-  if (S.CheckTemplateArgumentList(Concept, SourceLocation(), TemplateArgs,
+  if (S.CheckTemplateArgumentList(Concept, TypeLoc.getNameLoc(), TemplateArgs,
                                   /*DefaultArgs=*/{},
                                   /*PartialTemplateArgs=*/false, CTAI))
     return true;

clang/test/SemaTemplate/concepts.cpp

@@ -1251,6 +1251,27 @@ int i = SVGPropertyOwnerRegistry<SVGCircleElement>::fastAnimatedPropertyLookup()
 
 }
 
+namespace GH61824 {
+
+template<typename T, typename U = typename T::type> // #T_Type
+concept C = true;
+
+constexpr bool f(C auto) { // #GH61824_f
+  return true;
+}
+
+C auto x = 0;
+// expected-error@#T_Type {{type 'int' cannot be used prior to '::'}} \
+// expected-note@-1 {{in instantiation of default argument}}
+
+// This will be fixed when we merge https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/141776
+// Which makes us behave like GCC.
+static_assert(f(0));
+// expected-error@-1 {{no matching function for call}} \
+// expected-note@#GH61824_f {{constraints not satisfied}} \
+// expected-note@#T_Type {{type 'int' cannot be used prior to '::'}}
+
+}
 
 namespace GH149986 {
 template <typename T> concept PerfectSquare = [](){} // expected-note 2{{here}}