[win][x64] Unwind v2 3/n: Add support for emitting unwind v2 information (equivalent to MSVC /d2epilogunwind) (#129142)

Adds support for emitting Windows x64 Unwind V2 information, includes
support `/d2epilogunwind` in clang-cl.

Unwind v2 adds information about the epilogs in functions such that the
unwinder can unwind even in the middle of an epilog, without having to
disassembly the function to see what has or has not been cleaned up.

Unwind v2 requires that all epilogs are in "canonical" form:
* If there was a stack allocation (fixed or dynamic) in the prolog, then
the first instruction in the epilog must be a stack deallocation.
* Next, for each `PUSH` in the prolog there must be a corresponding
`POP` instruction in exact reverse order.
* Finally, the epilog must end with the terminator.

This change adds a pass to validate epilogs in modules that have Unwind
v2 enabled and, if they pass, emits new pseudo instructions to MC that
1) note that the function is using unwind v2 and 2) mark the start of
the epilog (this is either the first `POP` if there is one, otherwise
the terminator instruction). If a function does not meet these
requirements, it is downgraded to Unwind v1 (i.e., these new pseudo
instructions are not emitted).

Note that the unwind v2 table only marks the size of the epilog in the
"header" unwind code, but it's possible for epilogs to use different
terminator instructions thus they are not all the same size. As a work
around for this, MC will assume that all terminator instructions are
1-byte long - this still works correctly with the Windows unwinder as it
is only using the size to do a range check to see if a thread is in an
epilog or not, and since the instruction pointer will never be in the
middle of an instruction and the terminator is always at the end of an
epilog the range check will function correctly. This does mean, however,
that the "at end" optimization (where an epilog unwind code can be
elided if the last epilog is at the end of the function) can only be
used if the terminator is 1-byte long.

One other complication with the implementation is that the unwind table
for a function is emitted during streaming, however we can't calculate
the distance between an epilog and the end of the function at that time
as layout hasn't been completed yet (thus some instructions may be
relaxed). To work around this, epilog unwind codes are emitted via a
fixup. This also means that we can't pre-emptively downgrade a function
to Unwind v1 if one of these offsets is too large, so instead we raise
an error (but I've passed through the location information, so the user
will know which of their functions is problematic).

Author: dpaoliello

clang/include/clang/Basic/CodeGenOptions.def

@@ -483,6 +483,9 @@ CODEGENOPT(StaticClosure, 1, 0)
 /// Assume that UAVs/SRVs may alias
 CODEGENOPT(ResMayAlias, 1, 0)
 
+/// Enables unwind v2 (epilog) information for x64 Windows.
+CODEGENOPT(WinX64EHUnwindV2, 1, 0)
+
 /// FIXME: Make DebugOptions its own top-level .def file.
 #include "DebugOptions.def"
 

clang/include/clang/Driver/Options.td

@@ -2167,6 +2167,11 @@ defm assume_nothrow_exception_dtor: BoolFOption<"assume-nothrow-exception-dtor",
   LangOpts<"AssumeNothrowExceptionDtor">, DefaultFalse,
   PosFlag<SetTrue, [], [ClangOption, CC1Option], "Assume that exception objects' destructors are non-throwing">,
   NegFlag<SetFalse>>;
+defm winx64_eh_unwindv2 : BoolFOption<"winx64-eh-unwindv2",
+  CodeGenOpts<"WinX64EHUnwindV2">, DefaultFalse,
+  PosFlag<SetTrue, [], [ClangOption, CC1Option], "Enable">,
+  NegFlag<SetFalse, [], [ClangOption], "Disable">,
+  BothFlags<[], [ClangOption], " unwind v2 (epilog) information for x64 Windows">>;
 def fexcess_precision_EQ : Joined<["-"], "fexcess-precision=">, Group<f_Group>,
   Visibility<[ClangOption, CLOption]>,
   HelpText<"Allows control over excess precision on targets where native "
@@ -8947,6 +8952,8 @@ def _SLASH_M_Group : OptionGroup<"</M group>">, Group<cl_compile_Group>;
 def _SLASH_volatile_Group : OptionGroup<"</volatile group>">,
   Group<cl_compile_Group>;
 
+def _SLASH_d2epilogunwind : CLFlag<"d2epilogunwind">,
+  HelpText<"Enable unwind v2 (epilog) information for x64 Windows">;
 def _SLASH_EH : CLJoined<"EH">, HelpText<"Set exception handling model">;
 def _SLASH_EP : CLFlag<"EP">,
   HelpText<"Disable linemarker output and preprocess to stdout">;

clang/lib/CodeGen/CodeGenModule.cpp

@@ -1307,6 +1307,10 @@ void CodeGenModule::Release() {
     getModule().addModuleFlag(llvm::Module::Warning, "import-call-optimization",
                               1);
 
+  // Enable unwind v2 (epilog).
+  if (CodeGenOpts.WinX64EHUnwindV2)
+    getModule().addModuleFlag(llvm::Module::Warning, "winx64-eh-unwindv2", 1);
+
   // Indicate whether this Module was compiled with -fopenmp
   if (getLangOpts().OpenMP && !getLangOpts().OpenMPSimd)
     getModule().addModuleFlag(llvm::Module::Max, "openmp", LangOpts.OpenMP);

clang/lib/Driver/ToolChains/Clang.cpp

@@ -7504,6 +7504,10 @@ void Clang::ConstructJob(Compilation &C, const JobAction &JA,
     }
   }
 
+  // Unwind v2 (epilog) information for x64 Windows.
+  Args.addOptInFlag(CmdArgs, options::OPT_fwinx64_eh_unwindv2,
+                    options::OPT_fno_winx64_eh_unwindv2);
+
   // C++ "sane" operator new.
   Args.addOptOutFlag(CmdArgs, options::OPT_fassume_sane_operator_new,
                      options::OPT_fno_assume_sane_operator_new);
@@ -8549,6 +8553,10 @@ void Clang::AddClangCLArgs(const ArgList &Args, types::ID InputType,
   if (Args.hasArg(options::OPT__SLASH_kernel))
     CmdArgs.push_back("-fms-kernel");
 
+  // Unwind v2 (epilog) information for x64 Windows.
+  if (Args.hasArg(options::OPT__SLASH_d2epilogunwind))
+    CmdArgs.push_back("-fwinx64-eh-unwindv2");
+
   for (const Arg *A : Args.filtered(options::OPT__SLASH_guard)) {
     StringRef GuardArgs = A->getValue();
     // The only valid options are "cf", "cf,nochecks", "cf-", "ehcont" and

clang/test/CodeGen/epilog-unwind.c

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// RUN: %clang_cc1 -emit-llvm %s -o - | FileCheck %s -check-prefix=DISABLED
+// RUN: %clang_cc1 -fwinx64-eh-unwindv2 -emit-llvm %s -o - | FileCheck %s -check-prefix=ENABLED
+// RUN: %clang -fwinx64-eh-unwindv2 -S -emit-llvm %s -o - | FileCheck %s -check-prefix=ENABLED
+// RUN: %clang -fno-winx64-eh-unwindv2 -S -emit-llvm %s -o - | FileCheck %s -check-prefix=DISABLED
+
+void f(void) {}
+
+// ENABLED: !"winx64-eh-unwindv2", i32 1}
+// DISABLED-NOT: "winx64-eh-unwindv2"

clang/test/Driver/cl-options.c

@@ -820,4 +820,7 @@
 // RUN: %clang_cl -vctoolsdir "" /arm64EC /c -target x86_64-pc-windows-msvc  -### -- %s 2>&1 | FileCheck --check-prefix=ARM64EC_OVERRIDE %s
 // ARM64EC_OVERRIDE: warning: /arm64EC has been overridden by specified target: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc; option ignored
 
+// RUN: %clang_cl /d2epilogunwind /c -### -- %s 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=EPILOGUNWIND
+// EPILOGUNWIND: -fwinx64-eh-unwindv2
+
 void f(void) { }

llvm/include/llvm/MC/MCStreamer.h

@@ -255,11 +255,8 @@ class MCStreamer {
   bool AllowAutoPadding = false;
 
 protected:
-  // True if we are processing SEH directives in an epilogue.
-  bool InEpilogCFI = false;
-
   // Symbol of the current epilog for which we are processing SEH directives.
-  MCSymbol *CurrentEpilog = nullptr;
+  WinEH::FrameInfo::Epilog *CurrentWinEpilog = nullptr;
 
   MCFragment *CurFrag = nullptr;
 
@@ -342,9 +339,11 @@ class MCStreamer {
     return WinFrameInfos;
   }
 
-  MCSymbol *getCurrentEpilog() const { return CurrentEpilog; }
+  WinEH::FrameInfo::Epilog *getCurrentWinEpilog() const {
+    return CurrentWinEpilog;
+  }
 
-  bool isInEpilogCFI() const { return InEpilogCFI; }
+  bool isInEpilogCFI() const { return CurrentWinEpilog; }
 
   void generateCompactUnwindEncodings(MCAsmBackend *MAB);
 
@@ -1026,6 +1025,8 @@ class MCStreamer {
   virtual void emitWinCFIEndProlog(SMLoc Loc = SMLoc());
   virtual void emitWinCFIBeginEpilogue(SMLoc Loc = SMLoc());
   virtual void emitWinCFIEndEpilogue(SMLoc Loc = SMLoc());
+  virtual void emitWinCFIUnwindV2Start(SMLoc Loc = SMLoc());
+  virtual void emitWinCFIUnwindVersion(uint8_t Version, SMLoc Loc = SMLoc());
   virtual void emitWinEHHandler(const MCSymbol *Sym, bool Unwind, bool Except,
                                 SMLoc Loc = SMLoc());
   virtual void emitWinEHHandlerData(SMLoc Loc = SMLoc());

llvm/include/llvm/MC/MCWinEH.h

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #define LLVM_MC_MCWINEH_H
 
 #include "llvm/ADT/MapVector.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/SMLoc.h"
 #include <vector>
 
 namespace llvm {
@@ -42,6 +43,7 @@ struct FrameInfo {
   const MCSymbol *FuncletOrFuncEnd = nullptr;
   const MCSymbol *ExceptionHandler = nullptr;
   const MCSymbol *Function = nullptr;
+  SMLoc FunctionLoc;
   const MCSymbol *PrologEnd = nullptr;
   const MCSymbol *Symbol = nullptr;
   MCSection *TextSection = nullptr;
@@ -52,14 +54,19 @@ struct FrameInfo {
   bool HandlesExceptions = false;
   bool EmitAttempted = false;
   bool Fragment = false;
+  constexpr static uint8_t DefaultVersion = 1;
+  uint8_t Version = DefaultVersion;
 
   int LastFrameInst = -1;
   const FrameInfo *ChainedParent = nullptr;
   std::vector<Instruction> Instructions;
   struct Epilog {
     std::vector<Instruction> Instructions;
     unsigned Condition;
-    MCSymbol *End;
+    const MCSymbol *Start = nullptr;
+    const MCSymbol *End = nullptr;
+    const MCSymbol *UnwindV2Start = nullptr;
+    SMLoc Loc;
   };
   MapVector<MCSymbol *, Epilog> EpilogMap;
 

llvm/lib/MC/MCAsmStreamer.cpp

@@ -391,6 +391,8 @@ class MCAsmStreamer final : public MCStreamer {
   void emitWinCFIEndProlog(SMLoc Loc) override;
   void emitWinCFIBeginEpilogue(SMLoc Loc) override;
   void emitWinCFIEndEpilogue(SMLoc Loc) override;
+  void emitWinCFIUnwindV2Start(SMLoc Loc) override;
+  void emitWinCFIUnwindVersion(uint8_t Version, SMLoc Loc) override;
 
   void emitWinEHHandler(const MCSymbol *Sym, bool Unwind, bool Except,
                         SMLoc Loc) override;
@@ -2305,6 +2307,20 @@ void MCAsmStreamer::emitWinCFIEndEpilogue(SMLoc Loc) {
   EmitEOL();
 }
 
+void MCAsmStreamer::emitWinCFIUnwindV2Start(SMLoc Loc) {
+  MCStreamer::emitWinCFIUnwindV2Start(Loc);
+
+  OS << "\t.seh_unwindv2start";
+  EmitEOL();
+}
+
+void MCAsmStreamer::emitWinCFIUnwindVersion(uint8_t Version, SMLoc Loc) {
+  MCStreamer::emitWinCFIUnwindVersion(Version, Loc);
+
+  OS << "\t.seh_unwindversion " << (unsigned)Version;
+  EmitEOL();
+}
+
 void MCAsmStreamer::emitCGProfileEntry(const MCSymbolRefExpr *From,
                                        const MCSymbolRefExpr *To,
                                        uint64_t Count) {

llvm/lib/MC/MCParser/COFFAsmParser.cpp

@@ -96,6 +96,10 @@ class COFFAsmParser : public MCAsmParserExtension {
         ".seh_startepilogue");
     addDirectiveHandler<&COFFAsmParser::ParseSEHDirectiveEndEpilog>(
         ".seh_endepilogue");
+    addDirectiveHandler<&COFFAsmParser::ParseSEHDirectiveUnwindV2Start>(
+        ".seh_unwindv2start");
+    addDirectiveHandler<&COFFAsmParser::ParseSEHDirectiveUnwindVersion>(
+        ".seh_unwindversion");
   }
 
   bool parseSectionDirectiveText(StringRef, SMLoc) {
@@ -147,6 +151,8 @@ class COFFAsmParser : public MCAsmParserExtension {
   bool parseSEHDirectiveEndProlog(StringRef, SMLoc);
   bool ParseSEHDirectiveBeginEpilog(StringRef, SMLoc);
   bool ParseSEHDirectiveEndEpilog(StringRef, SMLoc);
+  bool ParseSEHDirectiveUnwindV2Start(StringRef, SMLoc);
+  bool ParseSEHDirectiveUnwindVersion(StringRef, SMLoc);
 
   bool parseAtUnwindOrAtExcept(bool &unwind, bool &except);
   bool parseDirectiveSymbolAttribute(StringRef Directive, SMLoc);
@@ -774,6 +780,28 @@ bool COFFAsmParser::ParseSEHDirectiveEndEpilog(StringRef, SMLoc Loc) {
   return false;
 }
 
+bool COFFAsmParser::ParseSEHDirectiveUnwindV2Start(StringRef, SMLoc Loc) {
+  Lex();
+  getStreamer().emitWinCFIUnwindV2Start(Loc);
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool COFFAsmParser::ParseSEHDirectiveUnwindVersion(StringRef, SMLoc Loc) {
+  int64_t Version;
+  if (getParser().parseIntToken(Version, "expected unwind version number"))
+    return true;
+
+  if ((Version < 1) || (Version > UINT8_MAX))
+    return Error(Loc, "invalid unwind version");
+
+  if (getLexer().isNot(AsmToken::EndOfStatement))
+    return TokError("unexpected token in directive");
+
+  Lex();
+  getStreamer().emitWinCFIUnwindVersion(Version, Loc);
+  return false;
+}
+
 bool COFFAsmParser::parseAtUnwindOrAtExcept(bool &unwind, bool &except) {
   StringRef identifier;
   if (getLexer().isNot(AsmToken::At) && getLexer().isNot(AsmToken::Percent))