[-Wunsafe-buffer-usage] Fix bug in unsafe casts to incomplete types (#116433)

Fixed the crash coming from attempting to get size of incomplete types.
Casting `span.data()` to a pointer-to-incomplete-type should be
immediately considered unsafe.

Solving issue #116286.

Co-authored-by: Ziqing Luo <[email protected]>

Author: ziqingluo-90

clang/lib/Sema/AnalysisBasedWarnings.cpp

@@ -2262,19 +2262,28 @@ class UnsafeBufferUsageReporter : public UnsafeBufferUsageHandler {
         MsgParam = 5;
       } else if (const auto *ECE = dyn_cast<ExplicitCastExpr>(Operation)) {
         QualType destType = ECE->getType();
+        bool destTypeComplete = true;
+
         if (!isa<PointerType>(destType))
           return;
+        destType = destType.getTypePtr()->getPointeeType();
+        if (const auto *D = destType->getAsTagDecl())
+          destTypeComplete = D->isCompleteDefinition();
 
-        const uint64_t dSize =
-            Ctx.getTypeSize(destType.getTypePtr()->getPointeeType());
+        // If destination type is incomplete, it is unsafe to cast to anyway, no
+        // need to check its type:
+        if (destTypeComplete) {
+          const uint64_t dSize = Ctx.getTypeSize(destType);
+          QualType srcType = ECE->getSubExpr()->getType();
 
-        QualType srcType = ECE->getSubExpr()->getType();
-        const uint64_t sSize =
-            Ctx.getTypeSize(srcType.getTypePtr()->getPointeeType());
+          assert(srcType->isPointerType());
 
-        if (sSize >= dSize)
-          return;
+          const uint64_t sSize =
+              Ctx.getTypeSize(srcType.getTypePtr()->getPointeeType());
 
+          if (sSize >= dSize)
+            return;
+        }
         if (const auto *CE = dyn_cast<CXXMemberCallExpr>(
                 ECE->getSubExpr()->IgnoreParens())) {
           D = CE->getMethodDecl();

clang/test/SemaCXX/warn-unsafe-buffer-usage-warning-data-invocation.cpp

@@ -173,4 +173,21 @@ A false_negatives(std::span<int> span_pt, span<A> span_A) {
   return *a2; // TODO: Can cause OOB if span_pt is empty
 
 }
+
+void test_incomplete_type(std::span<char> S) {
+  (struct IncompleteStruct *)S.data(); // expected-warning{{unsafe invocation of 'data'}}
+  (class IncompleteClass *)S.data();   // expected-warning{{unsafe invocation of 'data'}}
+  (union IncompleteUnion *)S.data();   // expected-warning{{unsafe invocation of 'data'}}
+}
+
+void test_complete_type(std::span<long> S) {
+  (struct CompleteStruct *)S.data(); // no warn as the struct size is smaller than long
+  (class CompleteClass *)S.data();   // no warn as the class size is smaller than long
+  (union CompleteUnion *)S.data();   // no warn as the union size is smaller than long
+
+  struct CompleteStruct {};
+  class CompleteClass {};
+  union CompleteUnion {};
+}
+
 #endif