[lldb][Expression] Encode structor variant into FunctionCallLabel

This patch is an implementation of [this discussion](https://discourse.llvm.org/t/rfc-lldb-handling-abi-tagged-constructors-destructors-in-expression-evaluator/82816/7) about handling ABI-tagged structors during expression evaluation.

**Motivation**

LLDB encodes the mangled name of a `DW_TAG_subprogram` into `AsmLabel`s on function and method Clang AST nodes. This means that when calls to these functions get lowered into IR (when running JITted expressions), the address resolver can locate the appropriate symbol by mangled name (and it's guaranteed to find the symbol because we got the mangled name from debug-info, instead of letting Clang mangle it based on AST structure). However, we don't do this for `CXXConstructorDecl`s/`CXXDestructorDecl`s because these structor declarations in DWARF don't have a linkage name. This is because there can be multiple variants of a structor, each with a distinct mangling in the Itanium ABI. Each structor variant has its own definition `DW_TAG_subprogram`. So LLDB doesn't know which mangled name to put into the `AsmLabel`.

Currently this means using an ABI-tagged constructor in LLDB expressions won't work (see [this RFC](https://discourse.llvm.org/t/rfc-lldb-handling-abi-tagged-constructors-destructors-in-expression-evaluator/82816) for concrete examples).

**Proposed Solution**

The `FunctionCallLabel` encoding that we put into `AsmLabel`s already supports stuffing more info about a DIE into it. So this patch extends the `FunctionCallLabel` to contain an optional discriminator (a sequence of bytes) which the `SymbolFileDWARF` plugin interprets as the constructor/destructor variant of that DIE.

There's a few subtleties here:
1. At the point at which LLDB first constructs the label, it has no way of knowing (just by looking the debug-info declaration), which structor variant the expression evaluator is supposed to call. That's something that gets decided when compiling the expression. So we let the Clang mangler inject the correct structor variant into the `AsmLabel` during JITing. I adjusted the `AsmLabelAttr` mangling for this. An option would've been to create a new Clang attribute which behaved like an `AsmLabel` but with these special semantics for LLDB. My main concern there is that we'd have to adjust all the `AsmLabelAttr` checks around Clang to also now account for this new attribute.
2. The compiler is free to omit the `C1` variant of a constructor if the `C2` variant is sufficient. In that case it may alias `C1` to `C2`, leaving us with only the `C2` `DW_TAG_subprogram` in the object file. Linux is one of the platforms where this occurs. For those cases there's heuristic in `SymbolFileDWARF` where we pick `C2` if we asked for `C1` but it doesn't exist. This may not always be correct (if for some reason the compiler decided to drop `C1` for other reasons).

Author: Michael137

lldb/include/lldb/Expression/Expression.h

@@ -103,11 +103,15 @@ class Expression {
 ///
 /// The format being:
 ///
-///   <prefix>:<module uid>:<symbol uid>:<name>
+///   <prefix>:<discriminator>:<module uid>:<symbol uid>:<name>
 ///
 /// The label string needs to stay valid for the entire lifetime
 /// of this object.
 struct FunctionCallLabel {
+  /// Arbitrary string which language plugins can interpret for their
+  /// own needs.
+  llvm::StringRef discriminator;
+
   /// Unique identifier of the lldb_private::Module
   /// which contains the symbol identified by \c symbol_id.
   lldb::user_id_t module_id;
@@ -133,7 +137,7 @@ struct FunctionCallLabel {
   ///
   /// The representation roundtrips through \c fromString:
   /// \code{.cpp}
-  /// llvm::StringRef encoded = "$__lldb_func:0x0:0x0:_Z3foov";
+  /// llvm::StringRef encoded = "$__lldb_func:blah:0x0:0x0:_Z3foov";
   /// FunctionCallLabel label = *fromString(label);
   ///
   /// assert (label.toString() == encoded);

lldb/source/Expression/Expression.cpp

@@ -34,19 +34,21 @@ Expression::Expression(ExecutionContextScope &exe_scope)
 
 llvm::Expected<FunctionCallLabel>
 lldb_private::FunctionCallLabel::fromString(llvm::StringRef label) {
-  llvm::SmallVector<llvm::StringRef, 4> components;
-  label.split(components, ":", /*MaxSplit=*/3);
+  llvm::SmallVector<llvm::StringRef, 5> components;
+  label.split(components, ":", /*MaxSplit=*/4);
 
-  if (components.size() != 4)
+  if (components.size() != 5)
     return llvm::createStringError("malformed function call label.");
 
   if (components[0] != FunctionCallLabelPrefix)
     return llvm::createStringError(llvm::formatv(
         "expected function call label prefix '{0}' but found '{1}' instead.",
         FunctionCallLabelPrefix, components[0]));
 
-  llvm::StringRef module_label = components[1];
-  llvm::StringRef die_label = components[2];
+  llvm::StringRef discriminator = components[1];
+  llvm::StringRef module_label = components[2];
+  llvm::StringRef die_label = components[3];
+  llvm::StringRef lookup_name = components[4];
 
   lldb::user_id_t module_id = 0;
   if (!llvm::to_integer(module_label, module_id))
@@ -58,20 +60,23 @@ lldb_private::FunctionCallLabel::fromString(llvm::StringRef label) {
     return llvm::createStringError(
         llvm::formatv("failed to parse symbol ID from '{0}'.", die_label));
 
-  return FunctionCallLabel{/*.module_id=*/module_id,
+  return FunctionCallLabel{/*.discriminator=*/discriminator,
+                           /*.module_id=*/module_id,
                            /*.symbol_id=*/die_id,
-                           /*.lookup_name=*/components[3]};
+                           /*.lookup_name=*/lookup_name};
 }
 
 std::string lldb_private::FunctionCallLabel::toString() const {
-  return llvm::formatv("{0}:{1:x}:{2:x}:{3}", FunctionCallLabelPrefix,
-                       module_id, symbol_id, lookup_name)
+  return llvm::formatv("{0}:{1}:{2:x}:{3:x}:{4}", FunctionCallLabelPrefix,
+                       discriminator, module_id, symbol_id, lookup_name)
       .str();
 }
 
 void llvm::format_provider<FunctionCallLabel>::format(
     const FunctionCallLabel &label, raw_ostream &OS, StringRef Style) {
-  OS << llvm::formatv("FunctionCallLabel{ module_id: {0:x}, symbol_id: {1:x}, "
-                      "lookup_name: {2} }",
-                      label.module_id, label.symbol_id, label.lookup_name);
+  OS << llvm::formatv("FunctionCallLabel{ discriminator: {0}, module_id: "
+                      "{1:x}, symbol_id: {2:x}, "
+                      "lookup_name: {3} }",
+                      label.discriminator, label.module_id, label.symbol_id,
+                      label.lookup_name);
 }

lldb/source/Plugins/SymbolFile/DWARF/DWARFASTParserClang.cpp

@@ -250,11 +250,52 @@ static unsigned GetCXXMethodCVQuals(const DWARFDIE &subprogram,
   return cv_quals;
 }
 
+static const char *GetMangledOrStructorName(const DWARFDIE &die) {
+  const char *name = die.GetMangledName(/*substitute_name_allowed*/ false);
+  if (name)
+    return name;
+
+  name = die.GetName();
+  if (!name)
+    return nullptr;
+
+  DWARFDIE parent = die.GetParent();
+  if (!parent.IsStructUnionOrClass())
+    return nullptr;
+
+  const char *parent_name = parent.GetName();
+  if (!parent_name)
+    return nullptr;
+
+  // Constructor.
+  if (::strcmp(parent_name, name) == 0)
+    return name;
+
+  // Destructor.
+  if (name[0] == '~' && ::strcmp(parent_name, name + 1))
+    return name;
+
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
 static std::string MakeLLDBFuncAsmLabel(const DWARFDIE &die) {
-  char const *name = die.GetMangledName(/*substitute_name_allowed*/ false);
+  char const *name = GetMangledOrStructorName(die);
   if (!name)
     return {};
 
+  auto *cu = die.GetCU();
+  if (!cu)
+    return {};
+
+  // FIXME: When resolving function call labels, we check that
+  // that the definition's DW_AT_specification points to the
+  // declaration that we encoded into the label here. But if the
+  // declaration came from a type-unit (and the definition from
+  // .debug_info), that check won't work. So for now, don't use
+  // function call labels for declaration DIEs from type-units.
+  if (cu->IsTypeUnit())
+    return {};
+
   SymbolFileDWARF *dwarf = die.GetDWARF();
   if (!dwarf)
     return {};
@@ -285,7 +326,9 @@ static std::string MakeLLDBFuncAsmLabel(const DWARFDIE &die) {
   if (die_id == LLDB_INVALID_UID)
     return {};
 
-  return FunctionCallLabel{/*module_id=*/module_id,
+  // Note, discriminator is added by Clang during mangling.
+  return FunctionCallLabel{/*discriminator=*/{},
+                           /*module_id=*/module_id,
                            /*symbol_id=*/die_id,
                            /*.lookup_name=*/name}
       .toString();

lldb/source/Plugins/SymbolFile/DWARF/SymbolFileDWARF.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
 #include "SymbolFileDWARF.h"
+#include "clang/Basic/ABI.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/StringExtras.h"
 #include "llvm/DebugInfo/DWARF/DWARFAddressRange.h"
 #include "llvm/DebugInfo/DWARF/DWARFDebugLoc.h"
 #include "llvm/Support/Casting.h"
@@ -78,6 +80,7 @@
 
 #include "llvm/DebugInfo/DWARF/DWARFContext.h"
 #include "llvm/DebugInfo/DWARF/DWARFDebugAbbrev.h"
+#include "llvm/Demangle/Demangle.h"
 #include "llvm/Support/FileSystem.h"
 #include "llvm/Support/FormatVariadic.h"
 
@@ -2482,6 +2485,134 @@ bool SymbolFileDWARF::ResolveFunction(const DWARFDIE &orig_die,
   return false;
 }
 
+static int ClangToItaniumCtorKind(clang::CXXCtorType kind) {
+  switch (kind) {
+  case clang::CXXCtorType::Ctor_Complete:
+    return 1;
+  case clang::CXXCtorType::Ctor_Base:
+    return 2;
+  case clang::CXXCtorType::Ctor_CopyingClosure:
+  case clang::CXXCtorType::Ctor_DefaultClosure:
+  case clang::CXXCtorType::Ctor_Comdat:
+    llvm_unreachable("Unexpected constructor kind.");
+  }
+}
+
+static int ClangToItaniumDtorKind(clang::CXXDtorType kind) {
+  switch (kind) {
+  case clang::CXXDtorType::Dtor_Deleting:
+    return 0;
+  case clang::CXXDtorType::Dtor_Complete:
+    return 1;
+  case clang::CXXDtorType::Dtor_Base:
+    return 2;
+  case clang::CXXDtorType::Dtor_Comdat:
+    llvm_unreachable("Unexpected destructor kind.");
+  }
+}
+
+static std::optional<int>
+GetItaniumCtorDtorVariant(llvm::StringRef discriminator) {
+  const bool is_ctor = discriminator.consume_front("C");
+  if (!is_ctor && !discriminator.consume_front("D"))
+    return std::nullopt;
+
+  uint64_t structor_kind;
+  if (!llvm::to_integer(discriminator, structor_kind))
+    return std::nullopt;
+
+  if (is_ctor) {
+    if (structor_kind > clang::CXXCtorType::Ctor_DefaultClosure)
+      return std::nullopt;
+
+    return ClangToItaniumCtorKind(
+        static_cast<clang::CXXCtorType>(structor_kind));
+  }
+
+  if (structor_kind > clang::CXXDtorType::Dtor_Deleting)
+    return std::nullopt;
+
+  return ClangToItaniumDtorKind(static_cast<clang::CXXDtorType>(structor_kind));
+}
+
+DWARFDIE SymbolFileDWARF::FindFunctionDefinition(const FunctionCallLabel &label,
+                                                 const DWARFDIE &declaration) {
+  DWARFDIE definition;
+  llvm::DenseMap<int, DWARFDIE> structor_variant_to_die;
+
+  // eFunctionNameTypeFull for mangled name lookup.
+  // eFunctionNameTypeMethod is required for structor lookups (since we look
+  // those up by DW_AT_name).
+  Module::LookupInfo info(ConstString(label.lookup_name),
+                          lldb::eFunctionNameTypeFull |
+                              lldb::eFunctionNameTypeMethod,
+                          lldb::eLanguageTypeUnknown);
+
+  m_index->GetFunctions(info, *this, {}, [&](DWARFDIE entry) {
+    if (entry.GetAttributeValueAsUnsigned(llvm::dwarf::DW_AT_declaration, 0))
+      return IterationAction::Continue;
+
+    auto spec = entry.GetAttributeValueAsReferenceDIE(DW_AT_specification);
+    if (!spec)
+      return IterationAction::Continue;
+
+    if (spec != declaration)
+      return IterationAction::Continue;
+
+    // We're not picking a specific structor variant DIE, so we're done here.
+    if (label.discriminator.empty()) {
+      definition = entry;
+      return IterationAction::Stop;
+    }
+
+    const char *mangled =
+        entry.GetMangledName(/*substitute_name_allowed=*/false);
+    if (!mangled)
+      return IterationAction::Continue;
+
+    llvm::ItaniumPartialDemangler D;
+    if (D.partialDemangle(mangled))
+      return IterationAction::Continue;
+
+    auto structor_variant = D.getCtorOrDtorVariant();
+    if (!structor_variant)
+      return IterationAction::Continue;
+
+    auto [_, inserted] = structor_variant_to_die.try_emplace(*structor_variant,
+                                                             std::move(entry));
+    assert(inserted);
+
+    // The compiler may choose to alias the constructor variants
+    // (notably this happens on Linux), so we might not have a definition
+    // DIE for some structor variants. Hence we iterate over all variants
+    // and pick the most appropriate one out of those.
+    return IterationAction::Continue;
+  });
+
+  if (definition.IsValid())
+    return definition;
+
+  auto label_variant = GetItaniumCtorDtorVariant(label.discriminator);
+  if (!label_variant)
+    return {};
+
+  auto it = structor_variant_to_die.find(*label_variant);
+
+  // Found the exact variant.
+  if (it != structor_variant_to_die.end())
+    return it->getSecond();
+
+  // We need a C1 constructor. If debug-info only contains a DIE for C2,
+  // assume C1 was aliased to C2.
+  if (!label.lookup_name.starts_with("~") && label_variant == 1) {
+    if (auto it = structor_variant_to_die.find(2);
+        it != structor_variant_to_die.end())
+      return it->getSecond();
+  }
+
+  return {};
+}
+
 llvm::Expected<SymbolContext>
 SymbolFileDWARF::ResolveFunctionCallLabel(const FunctionCallLabel &label) {
   std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> guard(GetModuleMutex());
@@ -2494,25 +2625,8 @@ SymbolFileDWARF::ResolveFunctionCallLabel(const FunctionCallLabel &label) {
   // Label was created using a declaration DIE. Need to fetch the definition
   // to resolve the function call.
   if (die.GetAttributeValueAsUnsigned(llvm::dwarf::DW_AT_declaration, 0)) {
-    Module::LookupInfo info(ConstString(label.lookup_name),
-                            lldb::eFunctionNameTypeFull,
-                            lldb::eLanguageTypeUnknown);
-
-    m_index->GetFunctions(info, *this, {}, [&](DWARFDIE entry) {
-      if (entry.GetAttributeValueAsUnsigned(llvm::dwarf::DW_AT_declaration, 0))
-        return IterationAction::Continue;
-
-      // We don't check whether the specification DIE for this function
-      // corresponds to the declaration DIE because the declaration might be in
-      // a type-unit but the definition in the compile-unit (and it's
-      // specifcation would point to the declaration in the compile-unit). We
-      // rely on the mangled name within the module to be enough to find us the
-      // unique definition.
-      die = entry;
-      return IterationAction::Stop;
-    });
-
-    if (die.GetAttributeValueAsUnsigned(llvm::dwarf::DW_AT_declaration, 0))
+    die = FindFunctionDefinition(label, die);
+    if (!die.IsValid())
       return llvm::createStringError(
           llvm::formatv("failed to find definition DIE for {0}", label));
   }

lldb/source/Plugins/SymbolFile/DWARF/SymbolFileDWARF.h

@@ -372,6 +372,10 @@ class SymbolFileDWARF : public SymbolFileCommon {
   /// Returns the DWARFIndex for this symbol, if it exists.
   DWARFIndex *getIndex() { return m_index.get(); }
 
+private:
+  DWARFDIE FindFunctionDefinition(const FunctionCallLabel &label,
+                                  const DWARFDIE &declaration);
+
 protected:
   SymbolFileDWARF(const SymbolFileDWARF &) = delete;
   const SymbolFileDWARF &operator=(const SymbolFileDWARF &) = delete;