diff --git a/llvm/docs/CommandGuide/llvm-mca.rst b/llvm/docs/CommandGuide/llvm-mca.rst
index 1daae5d064aca..8598a5ca84ed8 100644
--- a/llvm/docs/CommandGuide/llvm-mca.rst
+++ b/llvm/docs/CommandGuide/llvm-mca.rst
@@ -383,6 +383,20 @@ that do not start with `LLVM-MCA-` are ignored by :program:`llvm-mca`.
 An instruction (a MCInst) is added to an InstrumentRegion R only
 if its location is in range [R.RangeStart, R.RangeEnd].
 
+There is one instrument that can be used on all targets to explicitly
+set instruction latencies. It can be used, for example, to model the
+cache misses that impact load latencies. The syntax is like
+
+.. code-block:: none
+
+  # LLVM-MCA-LATENCY 100
+  mov (%edi), %eax
+  # LLVM-MCA-LATENCY
+
+It sets the latency of mov instruction to 100. LLVM-MCA-LATENCY without
+argument ends the region with explicit latency, after it default target
+latencies are used.
+
 On RISCV targets, vector instructions have different behaviour depending
 on the LMUL. Code can be instrumented with a comment that takes the
 following form:
diff --git a/llvm/include/llvm/MCA/CustomBehaviour.h b/llvm/include/llvm/MCA/CustomBehaviour.h
index 0bf86ce688f44..0ce3993be95ba 100644
--- a/llvm/include/llvm/MCA/CustomBehaviour.h
+++ b/llvm/include/llvm/MCA/CustomBehaviour.h
@@ -134,6 +134,25 @@ class Instrument {
   StringRef getData() const { return Data; }
 };
 
+class LatencyInstrument : public Instrument {
+  std::optional<unsigned> Latency;
+
+public:
+  static const StringRef DESC_NAME;
+  LatencyInstrument(StringRef Data) : Instrument(DESC_NAME, Data) {
+    // Skip spaces and tabs.
+    Data = Data.trim();
+    if (Data.empty()) // Empty description. Bail out.
+      return;
+    unsigned L = 0;
+    if (!Data.getAsInteger(10, L))
+      Latency = L;
+  }
+
+  bool hasValue() const { return bool(Latency); }
+  unsigned getLatency() const { return *Latency; }
+};
+
 using UniqueInstrument = std::unique_ptr<Instrument>;
 
 /// This class allows targets to optionally customize the logic that resolves
@@ -143,19 +162,21 @@ class LLVM_ABI InstrumentManager {
 protected:
   const MCSubtargetInfo &STI;
   const MCInstrInfo &MCII;
+  bool EnableInstruments;
 
 public:
-  InstrumentManager(const MCSubtargetInfo &STI, const MCInstrInfo &MCII)
-      : STI(STI), MCII(MCII) {}
+  InstrumentManager(const MCSubtargetInfo &STI, const MCInstrInfo &MCII,
+                    bool EnableInstruments = true)
+      : STI(STI), MCII(MCII), EnableInstruments(EnableInstruments) {};
 
   virtual ~InstrumentManager() = default;
 
   /// Returns true if llvm-mca should ignore instruments.
-  virtual bool shouldIgnoreInstruments() const { return true; }
+  virtual bool shouldIgnoreInstruments() const { return !EnableInstruments; }
 
   // Returns true if this supports processing Instrument with
   // Instrument.Desc equal to Type
-  virtual bool supportsInstrumentType(StringRef Type) const { return false; }
+  virtual bool supportsInstrumentType(StringRef Type) const;
 
   /// Allocate an Instrument, and return a unique pointer to it. This function
   /// may be useful to create instruments coming from comments in the assembly.
@@ -175,6 +196,13 @@ class LLVM_ABI InstrumentManager {
   /// it returns the SchedClassID that belongs to MCI.
   virtual unsigned getSchedClassID(const MCInstrInfo &MCII, const MCInst &MCI,
                                    const SmallVector<Instrument *> &IVec) const;
+
+  // Return true if instruments can modify instruction description
+  virtual bool canCustomize(const ArrayRef<Instrument *> IVec) const;
+
+  // Customize instruction description
+  virtual void customize(const ArrayRef<Instrument *> IVec,
+                         llvm::mca::InstrDesc &Desc) const;
 };
 
 } // namespace mca
diff --git a/llvm/include/llvm/MCA/InstrBuilder.h b/llvm/include/llvm/MCA/InstrBuilder.h
index e0949d975fa99..a5ce632b03634 100644
--- a/llvm/include/llvm/MCA/InstrBuilder.h
+++ b/llvm/include/llvm/MCA/InstrBuilder.h
@@ -78,6 +78,10 @@ class InstrBuilder {
   DenseMap<std::pair<hash_code, unsigned>, std::unique_ptr<const InstrDesc>>
       VariantDescriptors;
 
+  // These descriptors are customized for particular instructions and cannot
+  // be reused
+  SmallVector<std::unique_ptr<const InstrDesc>> CustomDescriptors;
+
   bool FirstCallInst;
   bool FirstReturnInst;
   unsigned CallLatency;
diff --git a/llvm/lib/MCA/CustomBehaviour.cpp b/llvm/lib/MCA/CustomBehaviour.cpp
index 1aa266e0a1e43..51b85bf819840 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/MCA/CustomBehaviour.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/MCA/CustomBehaviour.cpp
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
 #include "llvm/MCA/CustomBehaviour.h"
+#include "llvm/MCA/Instruction.h"
 
 namespace llvm {
 namespace mca {
@@ -42,8 +43,44 @@ CustomBehaviour::getEndViews(llvm::MCInstPrinter &IP,
   return std::vector<std::unique_ptr<View>>();
 }
 
-UniqueInstrument InstrumentManager::createInstrument(llvm::StringRef Desc,
-                                                     llvm::StringRef Data) {
+const llvm::StringRef LatencyInstrument::DESC_NAME = "LATENCY";
+
+bool InstrumentManager::supportsInstrumentType(StringRef Type) const {
+  return EnableInstruments && Type == LatencyInstrument::DESC_NAME;
+}
+
+bool InstrumentManager::canCustomize(const ArrayRef<Instrument *> IVec) const {
+  for (const auto I : IVec) {
+    if (I->getDesc() == LatencyInstrument::DESC_NAME) {
+      auto LatInst = static_cast<LatencyInstrument *>(I);
+      return LatInst->hasValue();
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+void InstrumentManager::customize(const ArrayRef<Instrument *> IVec,
+                                  InstrDesc &ID) const {
+  for (const auto I : IVec) {
+    if (I->getDesc() == LatencyInstrument::DESC_NAME) {
+      auto LatInst = static_cast<LatencyInstrument *>(I);
+      if (LatInst->hasValue()) {
+        unsigned Latency = LatInst->getLatency();
+        // TODO Allow to customize a subset of ID.Writes
+        for (auto &W : ID.Writes)
+          W.Latency = Latency;
+        ID.MaxLatency = Latency;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+UniqueInstrument InstrumentManager::createInstrument(StringRef Desc,
+                                                     StringRef Data) {
+  if (EnableInstruments) {
+    if (Desc == LatencyInstrument::DESC_NAME)
+      return std::make_unique<LatencyInstrument>(Data);
+  }
   return std::make_unique<Instrument>(Desc, Data);
 }
 
diff --git a/llvm/lib/MCA/InstrBuilder.cpp b/llvm/lib/MCA/InstrBuilder.cpp
index cad25a6ddd3f5..ffd6a8d5c14a8 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/MCA/InstrBuilder.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/MCA/InstrBuilder.cpp
@@ -632,6 +632,12 @@ InstrBuilder::createInstrDescImpl(const MCInst &MCI,
     return std::move(Err);
 
   // Now add the new descriptor.
+
+  if (IM.canCustomize(IVec)) {
+    IM.customize(IVec, *ID);
+    return *CustomDescriptors.emplace_back(std::move(ID));
+  }
+
   bool IsVariadic = MCDesc.isVariadic();
   if ((ID->IsRecyclable = !IsVariadic && !IsVariant)) {
     auto DKey = std::make_pair(MCI.getOpcode(), SchedClassID);
@@ -676,7 +682,9 @@ STATISTIC(NumVariantInst, "Number of MCInsts that doesn't have static Desc");
 Expected<std::unique_ptr<Instruction>>
 InstrBuilder::createInstruction(const MCInst &MCI,
                                 const SmallVector<Instrument *> &IVec) {
-  Expected<const InstrDesc &> DescOrErr = getOrCreateInstrDesc(MCI, IVec);
+  Expected<const InstrDesc &> DescOrErr = IM.canCustomize(IVec)
+                                              ? createInstrDescImpl(MCI, IVec)
+                                              : getOrCreateInstrDesc(MCI, IVec);
   if (!DescOrErr)
     return DescOrErr.takeError();
   const InstrDesc &D = *DescOrErr;
diff --git a/llvm/test/tools/llvm-mca/X86/llvm-mca-markers-13.s b/llvm/test/tools/llvm-mca/X86/llvm-mca-markers-13.s
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..aa00ac4400820
--- /dev/null
+++ b/llvm/test/tools/llvm-mca/X86/llvm-mca-markers-13.s
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# NOTE: Assertions have been autogenerated by utils/update_mca_test_checks.py
+# RUN: llvm-mca -mtriple=x86_64-unknown-unknown -mcpu=btver2 -iterations=10 %s 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
+
+# LLVM-MCA-LATENCY 100
+add (%eax), %eax
+# LLVM-MCA-LATENCY
+mov %eax, (%ebx)
+
+# CHECK:      Iterations:        10
+# CHECK-NEXT: Instructions:      20
+# CHECK-NEXT: Total Cycles:      1004
+# CHECK-NEXT: Total uOps:        20
diff --git a/llvm/test/tools/llvm-mca/X86/llvm-mca-markers-14.s b/llvm/test/tools/llvm-mca/X86/llvm-mca-markers-14.s
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..f460f1df8a703
--- /dev/null
+++ b/llvm/test/tools/llvm-mca/X86/llvm-mca-markers-14.s
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# NOTE: Assertions have been autogenerated by utils/update_mca_test_checks.py
+# RUN: llvm-mca -mtriple=x86_64-unknown-unknown -mcpu=btver2 -iterations=10 %s 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
+
+# LLVM-MCA-LATENCY 100
+add (%eax), %eax
+mov %eax, (%ebx)
+
+# CHECK:      Iterations:        10
+# CHECK-NEXT: Instructions:      20
+# CHECK-NEXT: Total Cycles:      1103
+# CHECK-NEXT: Total uOps:        20
diff --git a/llvm/tools/llvm-mca/llvm-mca.cpp b/llvm/tools/llvm-mca/llvm-mca.cpp
index a04b6ee9d90cf..a4194da4a7b63 100644
--- a/llvm/tools/llvm-mca/llvm-mca.cpp
+++ b/llvm/tools/llvm-mca/llvm-mca.cpp
@@ -510,11 +510,16 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
   if (!DisableInstrumentManager) {
     IM = std::unique_ptr<mca::InstrumentManager>(
         TheTarget->createInstrumentManager(*STI, *MCII));
-  }
-  if (!IM) {
-    // If the target doesn't have its own IM implemented (or the -disable-cb
-    // flag is set) then we use the base class (which does nothing).
-    IM = std::make_unique<mca::InstrumentManager>(*STI, *MCII);
+    if (!IM) {
+      // If the target doesn't have its own IM implemented we use base class
+      // with instruments enabled.
+      IM = std::make_unique<mca::InstrumentManager>(*STI, *MCII);
+    }
+  } else {
+    // If the -disable-im flag is set then we use the default base class
+    // implementation and disable the instruments.
+    IM = std::make_unique<mca::InstrumentManager>(*STI, *MCII,
+                                                  /*EnableInstruments=*/false);
   }
 
   // Parse the input and create InstrumentRegion that llvm-mca
diff --git a/llvm/unittests/tools/llvm-mca/MCATestBase.cpp b/llvm/unittests/tools/llvm-mca/MCATestBase.cpp
index 2b8415b13cf45..c47ac4828fc40 100644
--- a/llvm/unittests/tools/llvm-mca/MCATestBase.cpp
+++ b/llvm/unittests/tools/llvm-mca/MCATestBase.cpp
@@ -57,16 +57,24 @@ void MCATestBase::SetUp() {
   ASSERT_TRUE(IP);
 }
 
-Error MCATestBase::runBaselineMCA(json::Object &Result, ArrayRef<MCInst> Insts,
-                                  ArrayRef<mca::View *> Views,
-                                  const mca::PipelineOptions *PO) {
+Error MCATestBase::runBaselineMCA(
+    json::Object &Result, ArrayRef<MCInst> Insts, ArrayRef<mca::View *> Views,
+    const mca::PipelineOptions *PO,
+    ArrayRef<std::pair<StringRef, StringRef>> Descs) {
   mca::Context MCA(*MRI, *STI);
 
-  // Default InstrumentManager
-  auto IM = std::make_unique<mca::InstrumentManager>(*STI, *MCII);
+  // Enable instruments when descriptions are provided
+  auto IM =
+      std::make_unique<mca::InstrumentManager>(*STI, *MCII, !Descs.empty());
   mca::InstrBuilder IB(*STI, *MCII, *MRI, MCIA.get(), *IM, /*CallLatency=*/100);
 
-  const SmallVector<mca::Instrument *> Instruments;
+  SmallVector<mca::Instrument *> Instruments;
+  SmallVector<mca::UniqueInstrument> InstrumentsOwner;
+  for (const auto &Desc : Descs) {
+    auto I = IM->createInstrument(Desc.first, Desc.second);
+    Instruments.push_back(I.get());
+    InstrumentsOwner.push_back(std::move(I));
+  }
   SmallVector<std::unique_ptr<mca::Instruction>> LoweredInsts;
   for (const auto &MCI : Insts) {
     Expected<std::unique_ptr<mca::Instruction>> Inst =
diff --git a/llvm/unittests/tools/llvm-mca/MCATestBase.h b/llvm/unittests/tools/llvm-mca/MCATestBase.h
index 66e20a45c96ce..6672305cdb878 100644
--- a/llvm/unittests/tools/llvm-mca/MCATestBase.h
+++ b/llvm/unittests/tools/llvm-mca/MCATestBase.h
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "llvm/MC/MCTargetOptions.h"
 #include "llvm/MC/TargetRegistry.h"
 #include "llvm/MCA/Context.h"
+#include "llvm/MCA/InstrBuilder.h"
 #include "llvm/TargetParser/SubtargetFeature.h"
 #include "llvm/TargetParser/Triple.h"
 
@@ -73,9 +74,11 @@ class MCATestBase : public ::testing::Test {
   /// Utility function to run MCA with (nearly) the same configuration as the
   /// `llvm-mca` tool to verify result correctness.
   /// This function only displays on SummaryView by default.
-  virtual Error runBaselineMCA(json::Object &Result, ArrayRef<MCInst> Insts,
-                               ArrayRef<mca::View *> Views = {},
-                               const mca::PipelineOptions *PO = nullptr);
+  virtual Error
+  runBaselineMCA(json::Object &Result, ArrayRef<MCInst> Insts,
+                 ArrayRef<mca::View *> Views = {},
+                 const mca::PipelineOptions *PO = nullptr,
+                 ArrayRef<std::pair<StringRef, StringRef>> Descs = {});
 };
 
 } // end namespace mca
diff --git a/llvm/unittests/tools/llvm-mca/X86/TestIncrementalMCA.cpp b/llvm/unittests/tools/llvm-mca/X86/TestIncrementalMCA.cpp
index 1a14c687295ca..17809e7beda95 100644
--- a/llvm/unittests/tools/llvm-mca/X86/TestIncrementalMCA.cpp
+++ b/llvm/unittests/tools/llvm-mca/X86/TestIncrementalMCA.cpp
@@ -234,3 +234,27 @@ TEST_F(X86TestBase, TestVariantInstructionsSameAddress) {
   Expected<unsigned> Cycles = P->run();
   ASSERT_TRUE(static_cast<bool>(Cycles));
 }
+
+// Test customization of instruction latency with instruments
+TEST_F(X86TestBase, TestInstructionCustomization) {
+  const unsigned ExplicitLatency = 100;
+  SmallVector<MCInst> MCIs;
+  MCInst InstructionToAdd = MCInstBuilder(X86::XOR64rr)
+                                .addReg(X86::RAX)
+                                .addReg(X86::RBX)
+                                .addReg(X86::RCX);
+  MCIs.push_back(InstructionToAdd);
+  SmallVector<std::pair<StringRef, StringRef>> InstrDescs;
+  auto LatStr = std::to_string(ExplicitLatency);
+  InstrDescs.push_back(std::make_pair(StringRef("LATENCY"), StringRef(LatStr)));
+
+  // Run the baseline.
+  json::Object BaselineResult;
+  auto E = runBaselineMCA(BaselineResult, MCIs, {}, nullptr, InstrDescs);
+  ASSERT_FALSE(bool(E)) << "Failed to run baseline";
+  auto *BaselineObj = BaselineResult.getObject("SummaryView");
+  auto V = BaselineObj->getInteger("TotalCycles");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(V);
+  // Additional 3 cycles for Dispatch, Executed and Retired states
+  ASSERT_EQ(unsigned(*V), ExplicitLatency + 3) << "Total cycles do not match";
+}