diff --git a/libcxx/include/fstream b/libcxx/include/fstream
index 90e35740c17cf..acce9a026abf1 100644
--- a/libcxx/include/fstream
+++ b/libcxx/include/fstream
@@ -778,7 +778,12 @@ basic_filebuf<_CharT, _Traits>* basic_filebuf<_CharT, _Traits>::close() {
     if (fclose(__h.release()))
       __rt = nullptr;
     __file_ = nullptr;
-    setbuf(0, 0);
+    // Reset the get and the put areas without nonetheless getting rid of the
+    // underlying buffers, which might have been configured by the user who might
+    // reopen the stream.
+    this->setg(nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
+    this->setp(nullptr, nullptr);
+    __cm_ = __no_io_operations;
   }
   return __rt;
 }
diff --git a/libcxx/test/std/input.output/file.streams/fstreams/filebuf.members/close.dont-get-rid-of-buffer.pass.cpp b/libcxx/test/std/input.output/file.streams/fstreams/filebuf.members/close.dont-get-rid-of-buffer.pass.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..9f7c3c5015ea7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libcxx/test/std/input.output/file.streams/fstreams/filebuf.members/close.dont-get-rid-of-buffer.pass.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// This test requires the fix to std::filebuf::close() (which is defined in the
+// built library) from https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/168947.
+// UNSUPPORTED: using-built-library-before-llvm-22
+
+// <fstream>
+
+// basic_filebuf<charT,traits>* close();
+
+//
+// Ensure that basic_filebuf::close() does not get rid of the underlying buffer set
+// via pubsetbuf(). Otherwise, reopening the stream will result in not reusing the
+// same buffer, which might be conforming but is definitely surprising. The standard
+// is not very clear on whether that is actually conforming.
+//
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <string>
+
+#include "platform_support.h"
+#include "test_macros.h"
+
+struct overflow_detecting_filebuf : std::filebuf {
+  explicit overflow_detecting_filebuf(bool* overflow_monitor) : did_overflow_(overflow_monitor) {
+    assert(overflow_monitor != nullptr && "must provide an overflow monitor");
+  }
+
+  using Traits = std::filebuf::traits_type;
+  virtual std::filebuf::int_type overflow(std::filebuf::int_type ch = Traits::eof()) {
+    *did_overflow_ = true;
+    return std::filebuf::overflow(ch);
+  }
+
+private:
+  bool* did_overflow_;
+};
+
+int main(int, char**) {
+  {
+    std::string temp = get_temp_file_name();
+
+    bool did_overflow;
+    overflow_detecting_filebuf buf(&did_overflow);
+
+    // Set a custom buffer (of size 32, reused below)
+    char underlying_buffer[32];
+    buf.pubsetbuf(underlying_buffer, sizeof(underlying_buffer));
+
+    // (1) Open a file and insert a first character. That should overflow() and set the underlying
+    //     put area to our internal buffer set above.
+    {
+      buf.open(temp, std::ios::out | std::ios::trunc);
+      did_overflow = false;
+      buf.sputc('c');
+      assert(did_overflow == true);
+    }
+
+    // (2) Now, confirm that we can still insert 30 more characters without calling
+    //     overflow, since we should be writing to the internal buffer.
+    {
+      did_overflow = false;
+      for (int i = 0; i != 30; ++i) {
+        buf.sputc('c');
+        assert(did_overflow == false);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // (3) Writing the last character may or may not call overflow(), depending on whether
+    //     the library implementation wants to flush as soon as the underlying buffer is
+    //     full, or on the next attempt to insert. For libc++, it doesn't overflow yet.
+    {
+      did_overflow = false;
+      buf.sputc('c');
+      LIBCPP_ASSERT(!did_overflow);
+    }
+
+    // (4) Writing one-too-many characters will overflow (with libc++).
+    {
+      did_overflow = false;
+      buf.sputc('c');
+      LIBCPP_ASSERT(did_overflow);
+    }
+
+    // Close the stream. This should NOT unset the underlying buffer we set at the beginning
+    // Unfortunately, the only way to check that is to repeat the above tests which tries to
+    // tie the presence of our custom set buffer to whether overflow() gets called. This is
+    // not entirely portable since implementations are free to call overflow() whenever they
+    // want, but in practice this works pretty portably.
+    buf.close();
+
+    // Repeat (1)
+    {
+      buf.open(temp, std::ios::out | std::ios::trunc);
+      did_overflow = false;
+      buf.sputc('c');
+      assert(did_overflow == true);
+    }
+
+    // Repeat (2)
+    {
+      did_overflow = false;
+      for (int i = 0; i != 30; ++i) {
+        buf.sputc('c');
+        assert(did_overflow == false);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Repeat (3)
+    {
+      did_overflow = false;
+      buf.sputc('c');
+      LIBCPP_ASSERT(!did_overflow);
+    }
+
+    // Repeat (4)
+    {
+      did_overflow = false;
+      buf.sputc('c');
+      LIBCPP_ASSERT(did_overflow);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}