Auto merge of #138165 - jdonszelmann:inline, r=oli-obk

Rewrite `inline` attribute parser to use new infrastructure and improve diagnostics for all parsed attributes

r? `@oli-obk`

This PR:
- creates a new parser for inline attributes
- creates consistent error messages and error codes between attribute parsers; inline and others
- as such changes a few error messages for other attributes to be (in my eyes) much more consistent
- tests ast-lowering lints introduced by rust-lang/rust#138164 since this is now useful for the first time
- Coalesce some useless error codes

Builds on top of rust-lang/rust#138164

Closes rust-lang/rust#137950

Author: bors